The first stage: before 1970s. 19 13 years, the per capita GDP of the United States surpassed that of Britain and became the most developed country in the world. During this period, American yacht economy has begun to take shape. 19 13 The United States has 400,000 yachts. In 1960s and 1970s, American yacht industry has formed an industrial system integrating manufacturing, sales, maintenance, service and insurance. From 65438 to 0970, the annual yacht sales revenue in the United States reached $3.44 billion, with 8,865,438+million yachts, with an average of 23 people owning a yacht.
The second stage: from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. The yacht market in the United States is unprecedentedly prosperous. In the mid-1980s, there were more than 1.3 million yacht clubs and more than 4,000 yacht docks in the United States, and the total number of yachts exceeded 1.2 million, accounting for about two-thirds of the total number of yachts in the world at that time. 1988, the total sales revenue of American yachts reached 179 billion USD, and the number of yachts exceeded150,000, with an average of 16 people owning a yacht.
The third stage: from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. During this period, the world yacht market began to weaken, with the fastest decline in the United States. 1992, the sales revenue of American yacht industry fell to the lowest point, falling to 103 billion dollars. During this period, the number of participants in the yacht industry remained at around 85 million, accounting for about 34% of the total population of the United States.
The fourth stage: 90' s till now. After a brief downturn in the 1980s, the yacht market in the United States entered a second period of vigorous development. During this period, the number of yachts in the United States basically remained at the level of more than 6.5438+0.7 million, and the number of participants accounted for about 654.38+0/3 of the total population. In 2002, American yacht sales exceeded $30 billion, accounting for about 55% of the world's total yacht share, maintaining the dominant position in the world yacht market.
The current situation of American yacht industry
1. Yacht ownership
From 1988 to 2004, the number of American yachts basically remained between160,000 and180,000. Although there is a certain increase, it has not changed much. In 2004, the number of yachts in the United States was 6,543,807.6 million, an increase of 654.38+0989, including 8.48 million outboard motor boats, 6,543,800 inboard motor boats, 6,543,800 inboard and outboard motor boats, and PWC 658.
2. Participate in yacht entertainment
In the past 15 years, the number of yacht entertainment participants in the United States has decreased by about 5.8%. In 2004, the number of people over 7 years old who participated in yacht entertainment in the United States reached 69 million, an increase of about 300,000 compared with 2003, and the number of participants still accounted for about 1/3 of the total population.
3. Yacht market sales
Since 1997, the sales revenue of American yacht industry has maintained an average annual growth rate of 8%, reaching $33 billion in 2004. In 2004, the United States sold about 87,000 new ships, an increase of 4% over 2003. Among them, the sales of new ships and engines reached $654.38+0.36 billion, an increase of 654.38+02.6% over 2003. The average price of new ships is $65,438+02,360, and that of old ships is about $7,850. Florida ranks first in national sales, followed by California, Texas, New York and Minnesota. In addition, in 2004, the sales of yacht accessories reached US$ 2.4 billion, an increase of 14% compared with 2003, which was twice as much as that of 1997.
4. Import and export of yachts
The United States has always been a big country in yacht import and export. In 2004, the US yacht trade deficit decreased by 30% year-on-year, from11300,000 US dollars in 2003 to 795 million US dollars, reaching the lowest level since 2000. In addition, Western Europe is still the largest yacht export destination in the United States, accounting for 38% of the total yacht export, followed by Canada, accounting for 27%, and Australia and the Pacific accounted for 12%.
The Dynamic Mechanism of American Yacht Industry Development
1. A solid economic foundation
1970 America's per capita GDP exceeded $5,000, 1978 exceeded 10000, 1988 reached $20,874, and in 2004 it was close to $40,000. Yacht is a kind of high-grade consumer goods, and its strong economic strength is the most fundamental driving force for the rapid development of American yacht industry.
2. Abundant water resources
The United States faces the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast, with a coastline of 22,680 kilometers and numerous inland rivers and lakes. The Mississippi River is 6020 kilometers long, ranking third in the world. The Great Lakes of North America are the largest freshwater bodies in the world, among which Lake Superior is the largest freshwater body in the world. The rich natural environment in this sea area provides superior objective conditions for the development of yacht entertainment in the United States.
3. Cutting-edge technology
The United States has always attached great importance to the function and style design of yachts, and many well-known companies use computer software such as CAD and CAM to design yachts. Some high-tech products, such as GPS equipment and satellite phones, will also be installed on yachts.
4. Developed sales network
There are 65,438+00000 yacht retailers in the United States, and a complete sales network has been built. The United States holds more than 200 international yacht shows every year, which brings users and retailers face to face.
5. Perfect supporting facilities
The industrial chain of yacht industry includes "yacht manufacturing-sales-club leisure tourism-maintenance", which is closely linked. According to statistics, there are 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 wharf facilities in the United States, some of which also have hotels, forming a complete network of parking, service and maintenance.
6. Sound policies and regulations
197 1 year, the United States promulgated the federal yacht safety law. On the basis of federal laws and regulations, the American Boat Committee has formulated detailed industry standards, including hull design, boat equipment, electric power, technical consultation, etc., and published the book Yacht Laws and Regulations. Since 2007, all yacht manufacturers in the United States must accept the unified management of the industry. In addition, the United States has formed a complete and standardized system in yacht purchase registration, waterway management, driver's license assessment and loan service, which provides convenience for yacht owners.
American yacht industry's reference to China
1. China's yacht industry is developing rapidly
In recent years, the domestic yacht industry has made great progress. There are 17 provinces and cities to develop landscape water systems and build yacht clubs. At present, there are more than 300 yacht production enterprises in China, with an annual output value of over 6,543,800 yuan, reaching 23. According to the statistics of Boat Branch of China Shipbuilding Industry Association, in 2004, more than 50 member units * * * achieved a total industrial output value of 6.908 billion yuan, an increase of 200.3% over 2003, of which 8,484 boats were delivered and 203,700 sets of equipment were delivered, with an export value of 45.044 million US dollars, an increase of 65,438+over 2003. It imported 65,438+0,549 ships with an import value of US$ 65,438+0,073,680, mainly exported to North America, Europe and Asia, achieving a trade surplus of US$ 34,307,200.
2. How to occupy a place in the world yacht industry?
Generally speaking, China's yacht industry is still in its infancy, and there are still many problems in product quality, production technology, marketing and industry management. If China's yacht industry wants to occupy a place in the world yacht industry, it must seize the opportunity, give full play to its own advantages and learn from the development experience of a yacht country like the United States.
1) Science and technology, scientific and technological innovation. Yacht integrates high technology, capital, labor, culture and art. The design and manufacture of yachts in China are relatively backward, and there are few enterprises that can produce high-grade FRP yachts. Facing the fierce competition in the international yacht industry, we should boldly introduce advanced technology, step up scientific research and innovation, and organize key research to make the quality of domestic yachts reach the international level as soon as possible.
2) Adhere to the road of independent brands. At present, many yacht companies in China are OEM, and there are almost no brand yachts with independent intellectual property rights. In the long run, domestic yacht products must establish their own brands and strengthen their comprehensive strength in order to truly explore the international market.
3) Improve relevant policies and regulations. At present, China's regional water management policies are inconsistent, the yacht driver's license is limited to local use, the freight passage and yacht passage are not completely separated, the yacht riding space is relatively small, and the supporting system is not perfect. We may wish to refer to international norms and standards, strengthen coordination between provinces and cities, and introduce corresponding yacht management measures as soon as possible, including waterway management, standardized inspection, yacht registration, transportation and barge, import and export customs clearance, driver's license training and assessment, bank credit and so on.
4) Accelerate the construction of supporting facilities. The development of yacht industry can not be separated from the supporting construction of waterway waters, ports and docks, yacht clubs, landscape water systems and other infrastructure. At present, there are still many obstacles in these aspects in China, which hinder the development of yacht industry to some extent. We can build a number of international-level supporting facilities in a planned and step-by-step manner to meet the demand of yacht consumption, while paying attention to the sustainable utilization of resources.
5) Enrich sales channels and networks. On the one hand, increase publicity, enhance domestic and international awareness through advertisements, media and exhibitions, and guide consumption at the same time; On the other hand, build a network platform to provide consumers with the latest product information, provide win-win cooperation opportunities for domestic and foreign enterprises, and gradually realize the integration with the international yacht sales model.
3. The prospect of developing yacht industry in China.
1), with long coastline and vast sea area.
Chinese mainland is located in the northwest Pacific coast, with coastline of1.8000 km and island coastline of1.4000 km. The total length of coastline ranks fourth in the world, with a continental shelf area of10.3 million square kilometers, ranking fifth in the world, and the water area within 200 nautical miles is 2-3 million square kilometers, ranking tenth in the world. These are world-class superior resources. China's coastal deep-water coastline is more than 400 kilometers, which is suitable for the construction of more than 60 ports/kloc-0 with intermediate berths and above, including 62 deep-water ports. There are about 320 yacht manufacturing enterprises in Chinese mainland, which are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei and other coastal provinces along the Yangtze River. There are more than 30 enterprises whose output value exceeds 6.5438+million. Yacht companies 170. More than 200 companies have the ability to export abroad. About 280 boat manufacturers produce all kinds of FRP. There are 54 yacht clubs. At present, China exports 2 million RMB per medium-sized yacht, ranging from several hundred thousand to 2 million small yachts, and the luxury yachts with 50-60 feet cost more than 6.5438+0 million dollars.
2) American yacht lovers take a fancy to the China market.
According to the report of the U.S. Department of Commerce, there are more than 90,000 lakes and China with a length of 65,438+0.10,000 miles along the lakes, which represents a huge potential market for American shipbuilders.
American Milwaukee Sentinel article: Bruce Wicker Company, an American shipbuilder, established the first private yacht club in China on Taihu Lake and gained a firm foothold in the fast-growing China market.
According to the prediction of American Business Service Organization in Shanghai, by 2065, the cruise industry in China will soar to 654.38+0 billion US dollars.
3) Italian Ferrari entered the Chinese yacht market.
Ferretti Yacht Manufacturing Group, one of the largest luxury yacht manufacturers in the world, announced that its flagship luxury yacht brand "Ferretti Yacht" officially entered the China market and operated as the general agent in China. Rong Jian Holding Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hutchison Whampoa (Group) Co., Ltd., officially became the general agent of Ferrari luxury yacht in China. Compared with the situation that China was the most expensive yacht in previous years, Ferrari may introduce a large luxury yacht with a price as high as 80-90 million yuan to the mainland, and whether the mainland can dock normally is a problem.