How to grow watermelon?

Watermelon is a popular health fruit, but diseases and insect pests occur frequently in production, especially diseases. Attaching importance to scientific cultivation can effectively control and reduce pests and diseases. I. Cultivation techniques 1, land selection and soil preparation. Watermelon is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and cannot be continuously cultivated. Land selection should choose fertile and well-ventilated sandy loam. Generally, the garden where watermelons are planted continuously is not selected, and the soil preparation should be deeply cultivated. The border ditch and waist ditch are connected with the surrounding ditches, which is convenient for irrigation and drainage. 2. Fertilizer and water management. Sufficient basal fertilizer and reasonable topdressing are the prerequisites for high yield and high quality of watermelon. Base fertilizer accounts for about 60%-70% of the total. The best application method is furrow application or acupoint application, with organic fertilizer as the main application, cake fertilizer per mu 100kg and bone meal 50kg. Farmers without cake fertilizer and bone meal can use 50-80 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer, 2,000-3,000 kilograms of stable manure and 20,000 high-quality compost. Topdressing depends on the growth period of watermelon. After watermelon is planted, sufficient seedling fertilizer should be applied, that is, 20kg ternary compound fertilizer per mu, applied in ditches or holes, 65,438+00-20kg ternary compound fertilizer for 5-6 real leaves, and 65,438+0000kg fertilizer for young fruits (the size of eggs), that is, applied in ditches or holes per mu. Second, the main disease of melon is 1. Watermelon Fusarium wilt: the disease is mainly carried by bacteria in the soil, which can survive for 5-7 years. Prevention and control measures: A. Rotation. Rotation with non-melon crops for more than 3 years; B grafting. The rootstocks are round, long, gourd and kidney gourd, and the grafting method is simple and easy. Watermelon should be planted when new buds sprout and two leaves of rootstock are grafted at the same time. When grafting, the growing point of the rootstock should be smoothed with a bamboo pole, and then a small hole (about 1cm deep) should be inserted vertically from the growing point with a bamboo stick. Then take watermelon seedlings, close cotyledons and pinch them, and cut them into wedge-shaped surfaces with a knife at about 1cm on the hypocotyl at the lower part of the leaves, with a section length of about 0.8. C. chemical control. At the early stage of the disease or when the vines grow to 55cm, irrigate the roots with 500-800 times solution such as 40% carbendazim gel suspension or 25.9% copper-zinc solution (Kangkuling), once every 7- 10 day and continuously for 2-3 times. 2, watermelon charcoal jaundice. Mainly soil seed epidermis carries bacteria, which spread and invade through running water and wounds. Preventive measures: A. Deep ditch. The high ridge prevents water accumulation, the fruit is covered with grass, and the watermelon does not land directly; B. chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, 40% carbendazim suspension, 70% chlorothalonil warm powder or 25% carbofuran wettable powder were sprayed with 600-700 times solution, and the control was carried out every 7- 10 days/time, for about 3 times. Third, the main pests of watermelon The main pests of watermelon are aphids sucking leaves, adult liriomyza sativae stings leaves to feed and lay eggs, and larvae sneak into the mesophyll of leaves; Thrips feed on the sap of shoots, leaves, flowers and young melons, while adults of yellow cucumber feed on leaves, tender stems, flower organs and young melons, and larvae harm the roots. Control measures: 1, plastic film mulching to avoid aphids. 2. Chemical control. Use 10% pyridaben wettable powder 1500 times spray to control melon aphids and whiteflies. Irrigation with 80% trichlorfon 1000 times solution to control cucumber larvae and underground pests; 2000-3000 times of 73% propargite EC for controlling red spider and thrips. You can also spray 2000 times of 20% cypermethrin EC.