After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was rumored that Zeng Guofan was ambitious. In fact, his subordinates have long encouraged him to seek the throne. When the Qing court fought against the Taiping Army, it had to rely on Xiang, but now that the Taiping Army has been completely wiped out, can she allow Zeng Guofan to sit in Jiangnan? Crouching tiger in the southeast can't sleep well. So she transferred Zeng Guofan from Jiangning and appointed Ma Xinyi as the governor of Liangjiang, which quickly abolished the item.
Jiangning was captured by Xiang, and the two rivers have always been regarded as private land by Xiang. They have been operating there for several years. How could they be easily ceded to Ma Xinyi? Ma Xinyi has not had his own army for decades, and he came to Jiangning in a clean suit, just like entering a deep pool. When Ma Xinyi was assassinated, the court knew. In order not to cause a mutiny and shake the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan was quickly transferred back to Jiangning. Since then, the throne of the governor of the two rivers has been in the hands of the Hunan department for a long time, and others are afraid to ask.
After the failure of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the inferiority of Xiang Army was exposed completely. They are even more ferocious and brazenly plundered than bandits. After the implementation of the system of changing the brave into soldiers in the late Qing Dynasty, tens of thousands of Xiang troops were abolished, including many generals. These people don't go back to their hometown to farm, but wander around and plunder. Some people have joined the society, while others are members of it. The abolition of Xiang army strengthened the black forces, and the combination of stragglers and black forces became a major public hazard. Ma Xinyi punishes stragglers severely. In particular, Yuan, who is famous for his daring, was appointed as the general manager of the battalion department. If he catches stragglers who endanger people and commit illegal acts, he will be executed on the spot. Stragglers and black forces hate him.
Yan often talks with Sun and is quite calculating. He wrote a diary of going south and described the whole process of going to Nanjing. According to his great-grandson Yan, the diary reads: "The Spurs case is related to the Xiang army." "There is a big shot behind the Spurs case."
Zhang assassinated Ma Xinyi, and he fell to the heavily guarded Ministry of Supervision. Immediately after Ma Xinyi was stabbed, she had the drama of "stabbing a horse", and she had just passed the provincial examination. Anhui scholar Yin gave a test, which even included his sarcasm. Qiao Songnian also came to join in the fun, wrote a crooked poem to testify, and General Xiang erected a monument to Zhang Wenxiu, and so on. All this shows that the Spurs case is a planned and organized political murder. From the implementation of the case, to the strong cooperation of public opinion, as well as the careful planning and smart design of the case, it shows that it is from the hands of experts.
The so-called "Four Mysteries of the Qing Palace" refers to "the Queen Mother got married", "Shunzhi became a monk", "Yongzheng was stabbed" and "civet cats were exchanged for princes".
First, the Queen Mother got married.
The Queen Mother married the Regent. Empress Dowager refers to the concubine of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty and the biological mother of Fu Lin, the sai-jo. She died in the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), and was posthumously named the queen of Xiaozhuangwen. Regent refers to Prince Dorset of Regent Rui. Empress Xiaozhuang Wen is Dourgen's brother and sister-in-law, brother and sister and sister-in-law. According to the moral concept of the Han people, this is a disgraceful and uncivilized thing. In the Qing dynasty, there was no secret, but there was no requirement for it to be recorded in writing. However, Cang Shui Shi Hua, which was published only in the late Qing Dynasty, has a saying: "Those who live long are called marriages, and Cining Palace is full of rotten doors; Yesterday, a new instrument was put into the spring palace, and a gift was prepared for the queen mother's marriage, which meant that the queen mother got married. The poet Zhang Huangyan was born in the early Qing Dynasty. At the same time as dourgen, what he said is true. According to the records of Korea's Li Dynasty, in February of the 27th year of Renzu (1649, the 6th year of Qing Shunzhi), it was also recorded that the word "uncle" was changed to "Tai Shang Huang", which indirectly revealed that Dourgen called Tai Shang Huang "Tai Shang Huang", which was symmetrical with the Empress Dowager. What's more, Dourgen's name was changed to "Emperor Tai Shang", which was clearly recorded not only in Qing Shi Lu and Jiang Dong Hua Lu, but also in many files and proclamations that have been circulated since then. When writing about the emperor, write the Regent together, above the Regent, or with the title "Uncle of the Emperor" or "Father of the Emperor". Let's not forget another fact: although the social nature of Manchukuo was rapidly transformed from slavery to feudalism before entering the customs, it is not surprising that the backward customs of Nuzhen long ago, such as the remnants of group marriage of some brothers, wives and granddaughters, continued until the early days of entering the customs. Then, the fact that the Queen Mother got married can be taken for granted.
Second, Shunzhi became a monk
In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), the imperial concubine Dong Eshi died on August 19th. Fu Lin, the sai-jo, grieved and retired for five days. Immediately, it was ordered to be crowned queen. Dong Eshi is just an imperial concubine. Why do you want to add posthumous title to be the queen? Some people take it for granted that this concubine is Dong Xiaowan, a lucky man who ventured across the border in the late Ming Dynasty. When the Qing army entered the customs, she was taken to the capital, then entered the palace, was given the surname of Dong Eshi, and was later named the imperial concubine. Who knows that after Dong Shi entered the palace, he died without life. But for Dong Guifei, Sai-jo is the favorite of the Sixth Palace, unparalleled. She is a poor woman who makes sai-jo unhappy all day. A few months later, he abandoned the emperor and fled to Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, cut his hair and put on a cloak, and converted to the pure land. The above is the origin of Shunzhi becoming a monk, passed down from generation to generation. Is that really the case? First of all, we must admit that Fu Lin, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, was a good Buddha, and there were also Zen Master Mu Chen and Wang Xiuer of Yu Lin in the palace, all of whom respected him. Sai-jo Zhang Zhongyou has the titles of "Hidden Taoist", "Lazy Weng" and "Taoist Madness", and he also gave Mu Chen an imperial edict that "I hope the old monk will treat me like a son of heaven and treat me like a door". It is a fact that sai-jo believed in Buddhism, and no one can deny it. Secondly, it should be said that a few months before the death of Sai-jo, it was the mourning period of the filial piety queen Dong Eshi. Sai-jo mourned and expressed his feelings, which was a great regret for the world. Therefore, some people think that Sai-jo was tired of the world by mourning, and finally got rid of the dust net and fled into an empty net. Since then, it has been passed down as a story of "Love the Son of Heaven through the ages". This is inconsistent with historical facts. Indeed, because the founder was a good Buddha, he did have the idea of asking various dharmas to become monks before his death. But in fact, a few days before his death, he just asked his favorite internal supervisor Wu to go to Benjamin Zhong Temple (now Fayuan Temple in Guang 'anmen, Beijing) for a haircut, and he went to watch it himself. It also shows that sai-jo's condition was not serious at that time. So, how did sai-jo die? According to Wang Xi's Chronicle of Wenjing Wang's Collection, "I was called to Yangxintang and told that I couldn't afford acne." Zhang Chen's "Qing Wang Zhou Ji" also said: "Tell the people not to fry beans, light lamps and splash water, and they will know that the disease is acne." The two records are completely consistent and can be mutually verified. This clearly tells us that since sai-jo died of smallpox, it is not credible to say that he fled to Wutai Mountain to be a monk.
Third, Yongzheng was stabbed.
There are different opinions about the reasons for the sudden collapse of Sejong Yin Zhen in the Qing Dynasty, and some say that he was stabbed to death, which is specious. Is this statement credible? It's a long story It originated from the case of Ceng Jing and Zhang Xi in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729). Lv Liuliang, a man in Ceng Jing in the late Ming Dynasty, took it as his duty to keep his eyesight. Because he sent his disciple Zhang Xi to write a letter to Yue Zhongqi, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, urging him to support his ancestors (Yue Fei). If he fails, he will be imprisoned and exiled to Lv Liuliang. Sejong dealt with it severely, butchered and left good bodies, and left good children in the middle. It was edited and cut at that time. Legend has it that Lv Liuliang has a surviving granddaughter named Lv Siniang, who is the best swordsman of her generation and is determined to avenge her father and mother. Later, she sneaked into the palace and finally stabbed Sejong to death, cut off Sejong's head and escaped with it. According to E Ertai's biography, a busybody said that on the day of Sejong's violent collapse, he still "looked at the DPRK unchanged in the morning and had nothing to suffer". That afternoon, he suddenly called E Ertai into the palace, and the news of Sejong's violent collapse was passed down from generation to generation from the outside, which has caused a lot of trouble in the city. Hubei immediately "entered the DPRK, the horse was not as good as the saddle, eager to cross the horse, and the tibia was bleeding. I have entered the palace and stayed for three days and three nights. I haven't eaten a meal. " People think that when the world was peaceful and the ruler succeeded to the throne (Li Hong ascended the throne at the age of 25 in the Qing Dynasty), there was nothing serious that made him so frightened. This only shows that the statement that Sejong was stabbed is not unreasonable. Here, it is necessary to distinguish the true story from the hearsay in unofficial history. Lv Liuliang and others are implicated in the case of Ceng Jing and Zhang Xi, which is a true story and the truth of history. But the reference to Lv Liuliang's granddaughter is a legend, not a historical fact. The date of Sejong's death is a fact, but there is no written record, just a legend, which has not been confirmed yet. This is a ... The above biography of E Ertai describes one thing that Hubei was admitted to the imperial court, and it was written vividly, as if it had really happened. But at least there is no such record in official historical records, such as Qing Shi Lu, Qing Shi Zhuan and Qing Shi Draft. Of course, no written record does not mean no; And it has not been confirmed until today, and it is impossible to confirm this; Even if it is a fact that E Ertai rushed to court, it can't prove that Sejong must have been stabbed, because there is no necessary internal connection between them. The second is. Sejong himself is good at Buddhism and Taoism, and "has made many swordsmen". It is said that "he has thirteen brothers". The fact that the emperor and man became brothers may not be credible; However, if you are good at Buddhism and Taoism and make more friends with swordsman, you can make an alchemy and seek immortality. It is also possible to swallow Dan medicine raw for a long time, so that it suddenly collapses. Both Qin Huang and Hanwu have precedents. Third. It is suggested that the Tailing Mausoleum (Yin Zhen's Tomb of Sejong in Qing Dynasty) of the Qing Xiling be excavated to see if Sejong has a head, so as to confirm whether it has been stabbed. Later, because the excavation was too busy, it failed. Of course, Sejong died in 1735, and his bones were cold early. Once excavated, he can get one or two remains, which can be finalized, but the cost is too high, so he has to wait for the future.
Four, civet cats for prince
Refers to the legend that Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty exchanged sons with Chen, a native of Haining. Chen, a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, was born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. This figure spread to Chen Zhilin, and fell to the Qing Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, and it was the best. Later, Chen Guru, Chen Shuo, Chen Shiguan, Chen Yuanlong and other uncles were all high-ranking officials, rich and extravagant. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Sejong was a prince and was particularly close to Chen Shiguan. It happened that the two families each had a son, and the year, month, day and time were the same. Sejong was very happy to hear that. He ordered his son to enter the palace, and after a long time, he sent it back. Chen found that it was not his own boy who was returned. It was easy for him to be a woman. Chen Guren was shocked, but he was afraid to say it, so he had to keep it a secret. The emperor tasted the southern tour to Haining, when
I'm going to the Chen family the next day. I'm going to the church to inquire about my family background. Will be out, to the door, life off, and told that in the future, unless the emperor's blessing, this door can not be opened again. So after that, the door of the Chen family was closed forever and never opened again. It is also said that the Qing emperor had doubts about his life experience, so he visited the Chen family in the south and wanted to know for himself. These legends prevailed in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, the revolution was at its peak, and the emperor of the Qing Dynasty was extremely ugly. It is necessary to analyze hearsay, say each word, and mix the truth with the truth. It is a fact that the Chen family in Haining, such as Chen Shuo, Chen Shiguan and Chen Yuanlong, are uncles and very important officials. It is also true that Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty visited the Chen family in his southern tour. According to the system of Qing dynasty, the door of the house visited by the emperor must be closed and it is forbidden to open it again. However, due to these historical facts, it cannot be said that Sejong and Chen Shiguan in the Qing Dynasty exchanged women for children. In the Qing dynasty, the children of the standard-bearer had to report to the Dutong yamen, and the children of the imperial clan had to report to the Zongren mansion. The customization is very detailed. Besides, in the Forbidden City, the access control is strict, how can you take your children out of the palace casually? Obviously, these were all fabricated by the Han people in the revolutionary tide in the late Qing Dynasty.
There are the most shocking versions, such as Yang Naiwu cabbage case, Yang Yuelou case, Taiyuan strange case, Wenxiang Zhang thorn horse case. They are collectively referred to as the four mysterious cases in the late Qing Dynasty. I think the standards of the two versions are different, one is court politics, the other is folk, and they are both credible.
Three major cases in Ming dynasty
Assault, red pill, and relocation.
The emperor of the feudal era was once the son of heaven, with military power and wealth in the world. It can be said that he is extremely noble and his power has reached the extreme. However, it was the common people who "fought a knife and dared to take down the emperor." At the end of the Ming Dynasty, eunuchs monopolized the power, the party struggles continued, and the emperor's power was greatly challenged. Among them, several influential events, such as "Thunderbolt, Red Pill and Moving Palace", were called "Three Cases in Late Ming Dynasty" by later generations.
It started in Zhu Yijun, Ming Shenzong. Zongshen has two sons. The eldest son was born in, and the second son Zhu was born in. Zhu Yijun dotes on Zheng Guifei and intends to make Zhu a prince. According to the general principle of establishing a crown prince in the Ming dynasty, it should be "with points, without points", that is, the division of the eldest son inheritance system. Di Zi must have been born to the Queen. Since the queen has no children, the eldest son should naturally be respected. Therefore, most ministers advocate that Zhu Changluo should become a prince. The emperor and the minister were at loggerheads, and the appointment of the prince was delayed. The fault of this matter naturally lies in the religious circle, but the religious circle is the son of heaven, and of course it hates the intervention of ministers. In retaliation, he began to take an indifferent attitude towards state affairs, not attending the early court, not approving the memorial, not presiding over sacrificial ceremonies, not attending lectures (the minister gave lectures to the emperor), and not appointing officials. However, he was very concerned about collecting money, and appointed eunuchs as mine supervisors and tax collectors to collect money. And drink every day, get drunk as mud, and even go crazy after getting drunk. If you don't pay attention to what you say, you will be beaten to death by him.
Prince is "the foundation of the world", and the immortal Zhu Yijun and his courtiers have been deadlocked for 15 years, which is called "the struggle for establishing a country" in history. Finally, the emperor gave in. In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli (160 1), he was established as a prince and named Zhu Wei. According to the convention, when Feng Wang reaches the age of 14, he will go to the fief, and nothing is allowed to enter Beijing. Zhu pretended not to know, but remained in Beijing.
Although the prince was established, the axe king still did not give up, and the matter of "serving the country" continued. The three major cases of "beating people", "red pill" and "moving the palace" occurred one after another are the sequelae of "fighting for the country"
Strike case
In May of the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), a man with a wooden stick suddenly appeared in front of Ciqing Palace where Prince Zhu Changluo lived. He knocked down the gatekeeper eunuch with a stick, rushed into the door and rushed into the prince's bedroom. The eunuchs quickly caught him. The suspect was ordered to be sent to the security department of the imperial city for interrogation. Liu was inspecting the imperial city's imperial history and reporting back after interrogation. The original suspect's name is Zhang Hui, who lives in Jingeryu, Jizhou. He is crazy, but his appearance and words are quite cunning, so he should be strictly investigated. Zongshen also ordered it to be sent to the punishments for review. Hu, the doctor of punishments, thought that Zhang Cha was really a madman and sentenced him to beheading. Master Tian Jian asked Theway privately. Zhang Hui confessed that the eunuch in the palace led him to the door of Ciqing Palace, and the master told zhangwenda, assistant minister of punishments.
After the news spread, many courtiers suspected that Zheng Guifei and his younger brother Zheng Guotai were plotting to hurt the prince through Zhang Cha's hand. After the trial, the suggestion sent a letter to Jizhou local officials, ordering them to find out the situation of Zhang Qian's hometown in Jingeryu. Qi Yanling, a native of Jizhou, thought that Zhang Cha was crazy at home after investigation. Zhangwenda adopted the opinion of Liu Menglong, the minister of punishments, and ordered the 13th Division of punishments to jointly review Zhang Hui. Other officials attending the joint hearing knew that this matter was of great importance and did not dare to delve into it, but Liu Menglong questioned it very seriously. Zhang Cha confessed that Pang Bao and Liu Cheng were leading the way for him. The two men said to him, "If you kill my young master (Zhu Changluo), you will have food and clothes." . Pang Bao and Liu Cheng are both eunuchs under Zheng Guifei. If we look further, Zheng Guifei will be implicated.
God has lived in Zhu Yijun for 25 years and has never seen his pastor. At this point, he can't clean up until he comes forward. So, he called Fang Congzhe, Wu Daonan and officials of civil and military affairs, took Prince Zhu Changluo by the hand and said to them, "This son is very filial, and I like him very much. You courtiers outside the palace, don't make rumors easily and alienate my father and son! " He turned to Zhu Changluo and said, "If you have anything to say, tell them here." Zhu Changluo said to the generals, "Zhang Cha is a madman. Hurry and settle accounts elsewhere. How lovely my father and son are! There's a lot of talk outside. It shouldn't be! If you go on like this, you are the courtiers who have no monarch in mind, and I will be the unfilial son! " Zong Shen directed this scene, and the ministers had nothing to say, and the case of "beating people" went away.
Marubeni case
In August of the first year of Taichang (1620), Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun died after being emperor for 48 years, and Zhu Changluo acceded to the throne, which was known as Ming Guangzong in history. Zheng Guifei was afraid that Zhu Changluo would get back at her, so she tried to please Zhu Changluo. When I was a prince, there were two attendants named Li around me. Their names were He. Zhu Changluo especially loved Xili, and Zheng Guifei courted Xili first. She proposed that Xili be the queen, and Xili proposed that she be the empress dowager in return. Zheng Guifei also selected eight beautiful women for Guangzong. Zhu Changluo was addicted to womanhood and suddenly collapsed. He took the medicine discharged by eunuch Cui Wensheng, and pulled it thirty or forty times a day, which was not enough for people to see. Li, a crack in a temple, claimed to have an elixir of life and cured the disease. Hearing that it was an "elixir", I was very happy and quickly asked the eunuch to call Li to the palace to deliver medicine. Li's medicine is a kind of red meatball. Zhu Changluo took one, and his condition seems to have eased. He praised Li for many times as a "loyal minister!" Loyal minister! " At three o'clock in the afternoon, Zhu Changluo took another red pill. Unexpectedly, he died at dawn the next day. Well, Ming Guangzong was only emperor of Zhu Changluo for one month.
The sudden death of Zhu Changluo, Emperor Guangzong of Ming Dynasty, caused great controversy in North Korea. People accused Cui Wensheng of being Zheng Guifei's confidant. He deliberately used drugs to drain the vitality of Zhu Changluo, and his crime is not under Zhang Hui. He also accused Li of making friends with eunuchs and jumping into the red pill, which was the chief culprit of death. In the end, both of them were executed at the same time, and the Marubeni case was not further investigated.
Case of moving the palace
Gan Qing Palace is the main palace of the imperial palace, and only emperors and queens can live there. When Guangzong Zhu Changluo died, he lived in Gan Qing Palace, and Xili lived with him. Before he died, Zhu Changluo called the ministers to the palace. When Celie saw the ministers coming, she took Zhu Changluo's eldest son, Zhu Youxiao, into the inner room. Zhu Changluo told his ministers to make Li Xuan a concubine. When lixi heard this, he instigated Zhu Youxiao to come out and asked his father to make Li Xuan queen. Zhu Changluo didn't promise at that time, and the officials present were very dissatisfied with lixi's practice.
After the death of Guangzong Zhu Changluo, Xili still lived in Gan Qing Palace. She took Zhu Youxiao, trying to keep the crown prince's self-esteem. The princes sought audience with the Crown Prince, and eunuchs trusted by lixi stood in front of the door and refused to let them enter the palace. Yang Lian, the right commander of the Ministry of War, stepped forward and sharply reprimanded: "What do you slaves want? We were all summoned by the emperor, who drove us. Do you dare to rebel? " The eunuch will get out of the way. Celie hid Zhu Youxiao in her room and wouldn't let him go out. Liu Yi, a college student, asked, "Where did the prince go?" The eunuchs did not answer. Wang An, the capital of the Eastern Palace, came into the room and coaxed lixi: "The prince will be back after going out for a while." He took Zhu Youxiao to the palace gate, and Xili broke her word and asked the eunuch to bring Zhu Youxiao back. Eunuch came forward to hold Zhu Youxiao's clothes, and Zhu Youxiao had no idea at the moment. At this time, Yang Lian came forward to repel the eunuch. Surrounded by ministers, Zhu Youxiao came to Wenhua Hall, and then returned to Ciqing Palace to prepare for the throne.
After this hand-to-hand combat, ministers became even more indignant with Xili, and wrote to ask Xili to move out of Gan Qing Palace. Celie raised Zhu Youxiao alone and sent eunuchs to call Zhu Youxiao in an attempt to suppress his ministers through him. The eunuch sent by lixi was blocked by Yang Lian in front of Linzhi. Yang Lian said to him, "Your Highness is the Crown Prince of the East Palace, and now he is the emperor. What qualifications do courtiers have to summon the emperor? You take the message and settle accounts after the fall. Even if you can't do anything about the selection, you are born to die. " After listening too much, he said he would turn around and leave.
The next day, officials gathered outside the Tattoo Palace and asked Zhu Youxiao to issue a letter to let Xili move out of Gan Qing Palace. Yang Lian suggested that Fang Congzhe, the records, go to the palace to urge Zhu Youxiao. Fang Congzhe said weakly, "It doesn't matter if you move a few days late." Yang Lian said, "The eldest son of the emperor will be crowned as the son of heaven tomorrow. How can the son of heaven be born in the womb, but let a servant live in the main palace! " If Notre Dame is still alive, she will have to obey her husband's death. What kind of person will she choose to be? How dare she bully the son of heaven like this! Yang Lian also said: "If the attendants don't move out of Gan Qing Palace today, we won't leave!" Other courtiers also seconded loudly. In this case, Xili had to move to Luan Palace, which was the place where the maid provided for the elderly. Xili's move shows that she has been unable to make a difference in politics, and the case of moving the palace is over.