Yuan Chonghuan and Sun Chengzong, the six famous ministers who died tragically during the Chongzhen period in Maanshan today.

Tomorrow, in August of seven years, Zhu Youjian, the sixteen-year-old King of Literature, became the sixteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The young emperor was politically diligent and set an example, hoping to revive Daming Mountain. However, contrary to expectations, government corruption was not built in a day. The Qing dynasty attacked from the outside, the rebels fled from the inside, and the Ming dynasty finally went to extinction. As the supreme ruler of the Ming Dynasty, the downfall of the Ming Dynasty was also related to Chongzhen himself. Chongzhen couldn't employ people and was suspicious, which led to the tragic death of many famous ministers. Finally, he had to hang himself in Jingshan in despair. Bian Xiao will count the famous ministers who died tragically in Chongzhen years!

The first is Yuan Chonghuan, chief of Jiliao. In November of the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji led thousands of troops across the Great Wall, entered Shanhaiguan and reached the gates of Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan led Ning Guan's soldiers to wage a fierce battle with the Qing army at the gates of Beijing, and repelled the Qing army. But it wasn't long before Emperor Chongzhen arrested and convicted Yuan Chonghuan and put him to death in August of the third year of Chongzhen. The scholar who defeated Nurhachi and repelled Huang Taiji was not killed in the end, but died by his own butcher's knife.

Second, Sun, Governor Deng. Sun was a disciple of Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the late Ming Dynasty, and one of the few western artillery experts at that time. Ningyuan's victory over Yuan Chonghuan was due to Sun's 1 1 cannon in Chengtou. Since then, Sun Chengzong strongly recommended Sun Wei as Governor Deng Lai.

Since then, Liaodong General Kong Youde has launched a mutiny in Wuqiao. Sun advocated recruiting, but Wang Daochun, who was patrolling, concealed the imperial edict, which caused the rebels to be unable to recruit for a long time and triggered the rebellion again. After Sun was arrested by the imperial court, his political opponents Yu and Lu Zhenfei took the opportunity to frame him. In July of the fifth year of Chongzhen, Sun was beheaded. After Sun's death, his son refused the appointment of the imperial court, and there were very few experts who knew about western artillery in the Ming Dynasty.

Third, Sun Chengzong was supervised by Ji Liao. The famous scholar Ji once said: "Since the Liao Dynasty, not many people have been competent. At that time, they hoped for success, but Xiong Tingbi, Yuan Chonghuan and Sun Chengzong were called "Three Heroes of Liaodong" by later generations. When courtiers generally proposed to abandon Liaodong, Sun Chengzong insisted on being the governor of Hebei and Liaoning, and built a 200-mile defense line in Ningjin, which greatly strengthened the northeast border defense and strongly supported the claims of Yuan Chonghuan and others.

[h] After Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, Emperor Chongzhen opened Sun Chengzong, and he sent troops to successfully recover Zunhua, Yongping and Qian 'an. However, due to Zu Dashou's defection, Sun Chengzong was impeached by the North Korean minister. Chongzhen also felt that he was old and useless, so he was relieved of his official position. In the following years, people repeatedly asked to reopen Sun Chengzong, but Emperor Chongzhen ignored it. In the 11th year of Chongzhen, the Qing army attacked Levin, and 76-year-old Sun Chengzong led his family to defend the city. Ten old people died in the battle. After the fall of Beijing, Sun hanged himself.

Fourth, Lu Xiangsheng announced the Governor. 1638, the Qing army entered the customs, and Lu Xiangsheng frequently led the army, nominally "commanding the soldiers in the world", but due to the fear of Yang Sichang and others, the actual strength was less than 20,000. Lu Xiangsheng led the army to meet the Qing army at Haoshui Bridge, and the two sides fought fiercely. "It's like a soldier climbing to the top of the mountain crying for land", but because he was outnumbered, "he killed dozens of people. He followed his servant with four arrows and three swords. " After Lu Xiangsheng's death, Emperor Chongzhen still refused to withdraw his troops. It was not until Yang Sichang died that he was able to withdraw his troops.

Fifth, Zheng Chongjian, Governor of Shaanxi Province. 1640, Zheng led Ren Long, Zuo Liangyu and other generals to defeat. Later, however, Zhang regained his vitality in Sichuan. Emperor Chongzhen thought it was a sin to withdraw troops prematurely and left Zheng Chongjian's file to future generations. After Zhang attacked Xiangyang, Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide, and Emperor Chongzhen was very dissatisfied.

Sixth, Sun Chuanting, Governor of Shaanxi Province. 1643, Sun Chuanting led more than 100,000 troops to a decisive battle with Li Zicheng in Jiaxian, and the Ming army was defeated. After that, Li Zicheng went straight to Tongguan and Sun Chuanting died. The history books say that "the imperial court died and the Ming dynasty died." The downfall of Sun Chuanting was related to the wrong orders of Emperor Chongzhen. When Sun Chuanting reorganized his army in Shaanxi, Emperor Chongzhen repeatedly advised him to fight a decisive battle. As a result, the Ming army was short of food and grass. Secondly, the failure of training led to jia county's fiasco.

The foundation of national governance lies in the correct use of people. Emperor Chongzhen was extremely suspicious and taboo. Emperor Chongzhen's men were all famous ministers, some of whom were killed by him, and some died because of his improper employment. Of course, there are also trustworthy people in Chongzhen, such as Wendiren, Zhou Yanru and Yang Sichang. But they are all masters of party struggle, relying on the trust of the emperor to exclude dissidents.