the Tang Dynasty
Han Yu's representative works with the theme of respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include The Original Way, On the Buddha's Bone Table, Original Nature and Teacher's Commentary, and his essays with the theme of satirizing the world include Miscellaneous Commentary, Delin Interpretation and the famous article Sacrificing Twelve Lang. Liu Zongyuan-Three Allegory Commandments, Guizhou Donkey, Yongjia Mouse, Linjiang Elk. His philosophical works include Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, On Time and Punishment, Tian Shuo, Tian Dui and Eight Notes of Yongzhou. These include Xiaoshitang, Journey to the West Banquet, Cobalt Pool, Xishan of Cobalt Pool, Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Xiaoyan Mountain.
Song dynasty
Ouyang Xiu-Zuiwengting Ji, Ming Zen Fu, Autumn, Jian Shu of Harmony, Peng Danglun, Biography of Lingguan, Selling Oil Weng, Su Xun-Six Kingdoms, Balance of Power, Analysis of Traitors, Guan Zhong Lun, etc. Su Shi-Mink Song Tou, Huanxisha, Jiangchengzi, Liang Zhu, etc. Prose include Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu, Wang Ping Lun, Houhoulun and Shi Zhongshan Ji. Su Zhe-Lu 'an City Collection Volume 84, Lu 'an City Collection Volume 12. Ceng Gong-Ouyang Xiu's Book of Scheeren, Shangcai's Book of Bachelor, Preface to Ang Lee's Second Life and Preface to Wang Pingfu's Collected Works. Wang Anshi-You Baochan, Zhong Yong, Fu Sima's remonstrance, and Han Yu. Liu Zongyuan advocated the "ancient prose movement", so he was collectively called "Han and Yang Lu 'an". Su Xun is the father of Su Shi and Su Zhe, and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother, so Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe are collectively called Su San. Both Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong worshipped Ouyang Xiu as their teachers, and Ouyang Xiu was also Su Shi's teacher. Therefore, the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were divided into two schools (Han and Liu) and six schools (Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Ouyang, Zeng and Wang). Note: Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe are three sons of Su. Su Xun is the father, Su Shi is the second son, and Su Zhe is the third (Su Xun's eldest son died). They are collectively called Susan. Han Yu
brief introduction
Han Yu
Han Yu (768 ~ 824), the leader of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, was a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan) and a Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "being out of control". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism. Han Yu, posthumous title Wengong, was born in Fangheyang (now mengzhou city, Henan) in the Southern Tang Dynasty. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Self-proclaimed county looks Changli, known as Han Changli in the world (the word "county looks" is a combination of "county" and "hope". "County" is an administrative division, "Wang" is an aristocratic family, and the combination of "County King" refers to the aristocratic family within a certain region and country. And Han Yu lives in Changli, so he is also called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of prose" in the Song Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was known as the first of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Fu's poems, calling it "Du Bi", and is known as "a great writer" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.
The life of the character
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I didn't try it for the third time. After the age of twenty-five, he became the first scholar. After three unsuccessful attempts to learn Hongci, he went to Bianzhou Dongjin and Xuzhou Zhang Jianfeng as shogunate. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. After the age of 36, he was appointed as the imperial army. Because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes and downgrade Yangshan order. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. After 50, he first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, where he died at the age of 57. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Achievements and contributions
Han Yu, a scholar in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), was the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. When he was assistant minister of punishments, he was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat, which angered Xianzong. Later, when he was in Muzong, he was called into imperial academy to offer a drink offering, and served as an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and an official minister. Han Yu was a famous essayist and an important poet in Tang Dynasty. He and Liu Zongyuan have different political views, but this does not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was once demoted to Yuanzhou, now Yichun, Jiangxi, for his advice on Buddhist bones. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements. The poetic circles in the Han Yu era have begun to break through the narrow world of Dali poets. Han Yu initiated a new school of poetry. He is good at driving the majestic momentum with strong brushwork, mixed with fantasy and mysterious interest, giving poetry rich and magnificent colors, resulting in thunder and lightning. In addition, Korean poetry has the characteristics of "taking literature as poetry" in art, which has a great influence on later generations. Of course, there are also game words in Korean poetry that pursue grotesque and treacherous, which are not worth taking. Famous works include 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teacher's Comments and so on.
political propaganda
Han Yu advocated the unification of the world politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. He and Liu Zongyuan have different political views, but this does not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", was once demoted to Chaozhou for giving advice to Buddhist bones. Later, due to good governance, he moved the capital to Yuanzhou, that is, Yichun, Jiangxi, and secretariat Yuanzhou. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements. Han Yu ranked first among the eight masters, not because Tang was before Song, but because he made outstanding contributions to the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song!
Liu Zongyuan edited this paragraph.
brief introduction
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), with a thick word, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Born in Chang 'an, his ancestral home is Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and he is known as Liu Hedong. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and he was the official governor of the empire. Together with Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty, they are called "the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". He has more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements are greater than poems. Hedong Jie (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) was born in Chang 'an, the capital city in the eighth year of Daizong Dali (773), and died in Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Xianzong Yuanhe (8 19). A generation of famous writers and thinkers, under 50 years old. Because he was from Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was called or Liu Liuzhou. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji. Xiaoshitang is the most famous of Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou. Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left a great legacy to future generations.
His excellent works. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape travel notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. Besides fable poems, Liu Zongyuan also wrote many fables, such as Donkey of Guizhou, Mouse of Yongmou, Elk of Linjiang, etc., which also became famous fables in ancient times. "The donkey is poor in skills" has become an idiom, and almost everyone knows it. Some fables are short in length, but they are told through the ages, just like his landscapes.
thesis
Including philosophy, political theory and other papers focused on discussion. Sharp pen, accurate argument. Tian Shuo is a masterpiece of philosophical papers. Feudalism and Heavenly Punishment are representative works of medium and long political papers. Jin Wengong's theory of asking the original, Dong's argument and Yi's nine-section praise are all representatives of short political theory. There is a simple materialistic element in his philosophy. His political thoughts are mainly embodied in the progressive social historical view that emphasizes "potential" and the Confucian people-oriented thought. But also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are frustrated politically, they often seek spiritual liberation from Buddhism.
fable
Inherited and developed the traditions of Zhuangzi, Han Feizi, Lu Chunqiu, Liezi and the Warring States Policy, which were mostly used to satirize and attack the ugly phenomena of the society at that time. Innovate, create whimsy, and make good use of anthropomorphic artistic images of various animals to express philosophical or political views. Representative works include Three Rings, Linjiang Elk, Guizhou Donkey, Yongjia Mouse, Biography and Biography. Laughing and cursing, because things are small, show a high degree of humor and irony.
biography
Inherited the tradition of Historical Records and Hanshu, and made some innovations. Representative works include Anecdotes of Duan Taiwei, Biography of Zi Ren, Biography of Hejian, Snake Catching and so on. Some works are exaggerated and fictional on the basis of real people and stories, just like fables and novels. For example, Biography of Song Qing and Biography of Planting Trees and Camels.
Landscape travel notes
The most popular works are written after being demoted, and Yongzhou's works are better. Eight Notes on Yongzhou: Travel Notes on the First Banquet of Xishan, Guantan, Guantan Xishan, Xiaoshitang, Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Koishiyama. These works not only express their experiences and resentment through beautiful scenery; There is also a description of the author's quiet state of mind, which is manifested in extreme depression and the pursuit of spiritual sustenance. As for the direct description of the scenery, it is steep and clean, or beautiful and pleasant, and reproduces the beauty of nature with delicate language. Eight Records of Yongzhou was written four years after Yuanhe. At that time, Liu Zongyuan was exiled to Yongzhou, which is now Yongzhou, Hunan Province, because of the failure of political reform. The articles are all some scenery near Yongzhou at that time. The article is short, light, concise and fluent, which has been praised by all previous dynasties. Among them, the story of Xiaoshitang is the most famous. Through his own pen, the author described a quiet and peaceful scenery in Xiaoshitang. The article is fascinating and endless. At first, Xiaoshitang was presented by hearing its sound first and then seeing its shape. Write a pool with fish, then the clarity of the pool water can be imagined; People who write about fish are happy beyond words. The author's image is vivid, subtle, economical and superb. At the end, it is written in a quiet and quiet environment, a sad feeling and a blend of scenes.
Sao fu
Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "In the Tang Dynasty, only thick sons got the Sao school." This theory is very pertinent. Liu Zongyuan inherited and carried forward the tradition of Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu. His ci and fu not only used the traditional form, but also inherited the spirit of Qu Yuan. This may be because although they are separated by thousands of years, they are similar in thought, experience, ambition and personality. "Old Tang Book" said that Liu Zongyuan was "a fugitive with a bumpy life (family B). There are dozens of essays that express the sorrow of poets, write emotional narratives, and the emotions must be in the words, and the visitors are all sorrowful. " With Qu Yuan's works, what about Liu Can Zongyuan?
Similar. Liu Zongyuan's "Nine Poems" and "Ten Sao Poems" are really excellent works in the prose literature of the Tang Dynasty. Whether focusing on expressing feelings or reciting things, they are sincere and rich in content. The styles of Li Sao and Nine Chapters are used in Punishing Evil Fu, Sheng Min Fu, Meng Gui Fu and Prison Mountain Fu. Or express one's mind directly, or borrow ancient times to hurt oneself, or borrow fables to express irony and think hard, which won the essence of Qu Sao. Tiandui and Jinwen are another type. Their forms imitate Tian Wen and Qi Fa, and their words are strange and profound. In addition, Liu Jizhong has many works about Buddhist tablets, inscriptions, notes, preface, poems and so on, involving Zen, Tiantai Sect, Buddhism and other theories. Besides his achievements in politics, philosophy and literature, Liu Zongyuan is also a famous thinker. A person who actively participates in political innovation must be a thinker. Liu Zongyuan's philosophical works include Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, Seasonal Theory, Criminal Argument, Tian Shuo, Tian Dui and so on. In these works, Liu Zongyuan holds a negative attitude towards the theory of "the image of Xia, Shang and Zhou" advocated by Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar in Han Dynasty, denouncing such a great man as Dong Zhongshu as a "witch history" and accusing him of "confusing future generations". He opposed the theories of providence, destiny and heaven, criticized theology, emphasized personnel, and replaced "God" with "man", which was very valuable in the feudal society where theological superstition dominated more than 1000 years ago. Liu Zongyuan also turned his criticism of theology into a criticism of politics, explained the relationship between heaven and man from the viewpoint of simple materialism, and criticized the idealistic theory of destiny. His philosophical thoughts were in line with the development of social productive forces and the level of natural science at that time. He developed ancient naive materialism's atheism to a new height and was an outstanding thinker in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Edit this paragraph Ouyang Xiu.
brief introduction
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yongshu, a drunkard, was also named Liu Yiju in his later years (Liu Yi has 10,000 books, Jinshi has 1000 books, a piano, a game of chess, a pot of wine and an alcoholic), and he was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng, Jiangxi), calling himself Luling and Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. When Yingzong was an official, he was a Tang Dynasty envoy and participated in the discussion of state affairs. The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. Poetry and prose are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. After his death, he was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan). The existing Ouyangxiu Cemetery in Ouyangsi Village, xindian town City, xinzheng city is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today.
Main work
His representative works include On Friends, Biography of Shi Lingguan in Five Dynasties, Zuiweng Pavilion, Ode to Autumn Sound, Sacrifice to Shi Man Qingwen and Selling Oil Weng. There are six lyrics: picking mulberry seeds (the West Lake is good after bloom), complaining (autumn frost and morning shutter), stepping on the sand (plum blossoms to be left in the museum), giving birth (last January), Chao Zhongcuo (Pingshan railing leaning against the clear sky) and near flowers (how deep the courtyard is); Such as "The Play Answers Yuan Zhen", "The Thrushcross Bird", "The Drunken Pavilion" and other poems.
Edit this paragraph, Su Xun.
basic document
Su Xun
Name: Su Xun, Ming Yun,No. Dynasty: Song Dynasty Literature Period: Song Dynasty Literature School: Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties: On the Balance between Rights and Books.
Brief introduction to life
Prose writer in northern song dynasty. Han nationality. The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia. It is said that I didn't study hard until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu appreciated his works, such as Power, Balance and Several Strategies, and thought they could be compared with Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. In the third year of Jiayou, Renzong called him to Scheeren Hospital to take the exam, but he refused to reply on the grounds of illness. In five years, Jia You was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school bookkeeper. Later, he studied Tai Chang Li with Yao, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng. Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "smooth the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthened official management, broke the laziness, inspired the enterprising spirit of the world and revitalized the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point. Ceng Gong said that Su Xun "likes to call a spade a spade very much". Su Xun's 65,438+00 books, Tactics, Counting the Enemy, Balance of Power, Secret Books of Shang Dynasty, Enemy System and Book of Shang Emperor, all discuss military issues. In the famous Six Kingdoms, he believed that the downfall of the Six Kingdoms was to bribe the State of Qin. In fact, it is a mockery of the past and accuses the humiliating policy of the Song Dynasty. The investigation of the enemy further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to cripple the people. The Military System puts forward the idea of reforming the military system, restoring military morality and credibility. The Bill of Rights systematically studies the strategic and tactical issues. In Ji Xiang, he pointed out the strategic mistake that Ji Xiang could not attack Xianyang. He also emphasized the strategic and tactical principles of avoiding reality, attacking the weak with strong force, making good use of surprise soldiers, suspecting soldiers, making a quick decision and winning by surprise. Su Xun's lyric prose is not much, but there are also many wonderful chapters. In "Sending Stone to the North", he hoped that Shi, a friend of Qidan, would not be afraid of violence, write lightly and have momentum. The Portrait of Zhang Yizhou describes Zhang's deeds of governing Yizhou, and creates an image of a feudal official who is lenient and loves the people. The Story of the Wooden Rockery expresses feelings with things, praising a spirit of self-reliance and integrity. Su Xun's prose has distinct arguments, strong arguments, sharp language and strong persuasiveness. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence" and said that "going up and down, fast-forward and fast-out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); Ceng Gong also commented on his articles "Pointing at things, using the introduction to explain things" and "Worry must not be chaotic, the boss must not flow" ("Mourning for Su Mingyun"), both of which are more pertinent. The artistic style is magnificent and varied. Some articles are also good at twists and turns. Su Xun also evaluated his works as "the poet's softness, the poet's simplicity, the softness of Meng and Han, the move and merger, and the simplicity of Sun and Wu" in his book "Going to the Field with Dense Density". The language of his article is concise, concise and meaningful; But sometimes, he can be on a par with others, and he is especially good at making vivid and wonderful metaphors, such as "The Story of Brother Zhong Fu Ziwen", which uses geomantic omen as a metaphor and makes a natural description, which is an example. Su Xun's paper is also full of penetrating insights. He opposes flashy and weird prose and advocates learning ancient prose; Emphasize that the article should be "sincerely convinced" and write "from the heart"; It is advocated that articles should be "made for things" and "words must be in the present". He also discussed different styles of * * * and different writing methods. He is especially good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various essays from comparison. For example, the first book "The Connotation of Shang Ouyang" commented well on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu. Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems were "profound and tasteful, and the words were like their prose" (Shi Lin Shi Hua). His two poems by Ouyang Yongshu, White Rabbit, Sending People Away from Yishan, Yan Shu, Answering Two Covenants, and Sending Wu Waiting System to Recover Tanzhou, are excellent, but their overall achievements are far less than those of prose. Su Xun's works were popular in various versions in the Song Dynasty, and most of them had been lost. Today, there is a remnant of the Collected Works of Lao Su in the Northern Song Dynasty. Popular books include four-part collection, shadow song banknote book, nail polish collection, volume 15.
Famous works
& lt& lt； Clouds thrive in the mountains >> Clouds rise in the mountains, and bam is fog. Bandits are ruthless, and heaven is indifferent. I enjoy the mountains and rivers and complain for me. Don't be afraid of the sky, mourn the earth. Good morning, Tanya. It is going to rain, so I won't tell you. A leopard cannot change his spots. & lt& lt； There is a horse in the wild >> If you have a horse in the wild, you will never moan. If the children are not good, there will be no one else. I'm in the stable, but I don't drive. I'd rather be in the wild than meet me. Bald hair in the frost, send meat to wolves. Would rather be hurt than hurt, but people don't care? No children, I forgot. & lt& lt； Touched calf >> If you touch a person, you won't give up. Because the child has touched the corner? God really loves me, but my son wants me. Hate what I do and take what I have? If you don't want to touch your son, why don't you worry? & lt& lt； Asahi Regeneration >> When the sun rises, it will help the people. There are achievements in the house and farming in the wild. There is business on the road and a levy on the side. Natural persons can only be peaceful if they support each other. Well, what am I? Wandering around, no camp. Who was with me at the beginning, and who is in charge of me now? I will ask, where is Ann? & lt& lt； I will stay here until the guests arrive. I'm a guest. I'm at the door. Come to my hall and drink my respect. Every now and then, I'm shy, I'm not diligent. How much do you want from me? Please resign. Guest refers to the host: I am an only child. Have more children, blame them deeply, and expect them to be virtuous. & lt& lt； Forty Rhymes of Yan Shu >; Ren Junbei came to write Taizhou Monument. Because it was written by Duke Lu, he left me without hesitation. Duke Lu is a hero, generous and honest. I remember at the end of Tianbao, I became a fisherman. The brave don't deserve it, and the Confucian scholars cross the banner of righteousness. Thanks to dozens of counties for fighting Qiang Yi. The new momentum is still weak, and Humali has not failed. It's strange to sigh that you can't win the war. Brother Gao died in Changshan, and the martyrs were in tears. Lu Gong is not a sworn enemy, and the world is bustling. Why don't you love it enough to step on whale fins? Gong Gu was not afraid of death, but I was really sad at that time. I miss my friendship, but I'm sorry I was born late. I have seen different views recently, and I don't know who the author is. It is strange that Yungong is not dead. Generally speaking, everyone belongs to the public mentality. Try not to die and comfort this bitterness and sigh. I want to cry in the cemetery, so I don't know. Love his life, often lost. This word comes from the public hand, and it is sighing when you see it. The public is not good at books, and the pen and ink are chaotic. Think about his life, or abandon Luqi? This word is strange and magnificent. Jun is extremely deep and steady, and his bones are old and broken. Direction is harmony, connection is not opposition. Like a person, nose, eyes, ears, eyebrows. They are different from each other and related to each other. Being far away from the stars in the sky is like being at loggerheads. Left and right self-assembly, or beating or dusting. The bone is strict and the tail is heavy, so it is not dangerous to place it. There is no weak lintel in a tall building. Antiquities should be proportional, and legal objects should be regular. Think from the beginning, be solemn, and don't feel inferior. It is not good for Liu Yu to end her troubles. The brushwork has not deviated from the customs, and laymen dare to peek. When I saw this word, I had nothing to do with it. A car can learn a hundred things, and an axe is easy to do. Round and round, there is a bright moon, I want to draw the shape. Who knows loyalty, strength is still there. So, a few pieces of paper made me sigh again. & lt& lt Ouyang Yongshu; The eagle fights the plain, and the animals are chaotic. Seize it when it is boundless, and it can't be protected if it is upside down. The white rabbit couldn't bear to kill it, sighing and loving its old age. The only child was detained for a long time and the wildness began to be corrected. Noble people know the cage and they can embrace it gradually. Who knows that the mountains are wide and the caves are good. The leaves are high and the group is like a sweep. Heterogeneity does not hide itself, but shines in the wild. It's getting late for a hunter to laugh at him and hide his pain. When riding a toad, you can use your own pestle.
This passage edited by Su Shi
brief introduction
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 ~11) was born in the Song Dynasty, with the word Zi Zhan and the word He Zhong, with the name "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumous title Wenzhong. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has many creative talents, and has made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. The world is called Su Dongpo. Legend: In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an assistant and setting up this state. He is not allowed to sign books and official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the end of his term of office, in addition to his daily life, he moved to the Sheren of Zhongshu, moved to the Hanlin bachelor's office, and learned about the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You four years (1089), out of Hangzhou, then changed to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhezong went into politics and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
detailed information
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", but mistakenly won the second place among the top students in high school. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade, which is "the first in a hundred years". Judge Fengxiang, who was awarded the book of Dali Judge. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. His outstanding achievements have won the hearts of the people. This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a slope in the east of the city and make up for his livelihood by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man". In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huang.