First, the problems existing in the cost control of construction projects
1, the problems existing in the current project investment decision-making stage
(1) In the project proposal stage, the construction unit usually submits the investment estimate to the company's investment planning department, which is quite simple and often leads to omissions.
(2) In the feasibility study stage, the construction unit entrusts the design unit and the survey and design unit to prepare the feasibility study report and investment estimate, which will be used as the maximum project cost after approval. However, due to the unclear economic analysis and scheme and engineering quantity at this stage, the investment estimation of the design institute at this stage is not accurate, and the construction unit is usually not an expert in investment estimation and cost control, and lacks serious research on the technological process and scheme; Sometimes, in order to get an approved project, the construction unit requires the design unit to intentionally underestimate the investment estimate, which increases the inaccuracy of the estimate.
2. Problems existing in the project design stage.
(1) The combination of technology and economy is insufficient. In practical work, designers usually conduct on-site investigation, select and design schemes according to design entrustment, and provide conditions for cost personnel at different stages to evaluate or budget. Cost personnel know very little about the general situation of the project and the site situation, so it is impossible to comprehensively consider various influencing factors.
(2) Lack of understanding of cost control in design affects competitiveness. Designers generally pay more attention to the safety, practicability and technological advancement of design products, and emphasize the output value of design, but pay less attention to the economy of design products, and do not pay attention to the economic indicators and cost control in design.
3. Problems in the bidding stage
(1) There is unreasonable competition in the bidding process at present. A few authoritative people handle construction projects by improper means, and the project cost is difficult to control. For the benefit of their own enterprises, the construction unit blindly asks for additional project cost, so this kind of non-conforming project bidding brings huge losses to the country and is also a hidden danger of high project cost.
(2) The random price reduction of the project subject to tender leads to serious distortion of the project cost. In order to reduce construction funds, some construction units take advantage of the phenomenon of excessive porridge, which makes individual construction units win the bid at low prices; In the process of construction, do everything possible to increase on-site visas and technical changes to obtain additional income, or simply cut corners and muddle through, leaving quality hidden dangers.
4. Problems in the construction stage
(1) The project cost control target of the construction unit is unreasonable, lacking in scientificity and advancement;
(2) The management method of material price is backward, and the calculation of the quantity of materials purchased in storage is unscientific, so it is impossible to grasp the purchasing opportunity well. Because the construction market is still chaotic and the purchase price of materials is distorted, criminals profit from it, which also makes the material cost accounting for 60% ~ 70% of the construction cost out of control.
(3) In terms of construction organization, most construction enterprises still adopt the old methods, and the existing people, money and materials have not been reasonably allocated and utilized, resulting in a lot of waste and an increase in project cost.
(4) The construction unit starts from its own interests, and increases the engineering quantity or pursues higher profits through design changes.
5. Problems existing in the completion settlement stage.
In the settlement book, it is common for the construction unit to increase the project cost by over-calculating, over-calculating, over-fixing the unit price and over-charging. According to the survey data, the reduction rate of settlement audit of the construction unit is generally 15% ~ 25%.
Second, the construction project cost control measures
1, project cost control in investment decision-making stage
(1) Do a good job in collecting basic data to ensure that it is detailed and accurate. To make a good investment forecast of the project, we need a lot of information, such as the status of water circuit, geological conditions, the price information of main materials and equipment, the purchasing place of bulk materials and the information of existing similar projects, and more information should be collected for projects that do economic evaluation. Cost personnel should carefully analyze the accuracy and reliability of data to ensure the accuracy of investment prediction and economic analysis.
(2) Do a good job in market research. Including the demand of domestic and foreign markets for the proposed products during the project calculation period; Construction of similar projects; National policy on this industry and its future development trend.
(3) Do a good job in scheme optimization. Designers should have professional knowledge, understand the design intent, be familiar with technical schemes, closely cooperate with designers, and make technical and economic comparison of multiple schemes by using dynamic analysis method to reduce the project cost. Through scheme optimization, the process flow is as simple as possible and the equipment selection is more reasonable, thus saving a lot of money.
(4) Reasonably determine the evaluation price and benchmark parameters. Evaluators should choose and analyze various price schemes according to the characteristics of different projects, combined with market analysis, competitiveness analysis, uncertainty analysis and other factors, so that investors can fully understand the future benefits of the project and reduce the investment risk of the project.
2. Project cost control in project design stage
(1) Strengthen external supervision and review on the quality of design drawings of design units. Give full play to the role of the drawing review center, and review and supervise the design quality as the engineering quality supervision station supervises the construction quality.
(2) Standardize the design budget estimation method. The preparation of the design budget estimate must be comprehensively examined and approved by the engineering standard quota cost management station and the Construction Bank, and the determined investment limit is taken as the charging base, which can prevent artificially expanding the design scale and calculating the cost.
(3) Formulate the design reward and punishment system. If the design drawings are confirmed as excellent designs by the examination center, the design unit will be given special honor and the designer will be rewarded.
(4) formulate quota design standards. Quota design is an effective control method in the process of engineering construction, and it is also one of the effective measures to control the investment scale. Therefore, relevant departments should be organized as soon as possible to formulate corresponding quota design standards according to different building types and scales.
(5) Promote the application of new achievements in engineering design. Optimize the technical and economic indicators of engineering design with new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, improve the scientific and technological content of the industry and improve the comprehensive benefits of the project.
3, the bidding stage project cost control
(1) Adhere to the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and strengthen bidding supervision.
(2) Continuously improve the quality of pre-tender estimate preparation and the professional quality of bid evaluation personnel, and effectively prevent bidding around or winning the bid at a low price.
(3) It is strictly forbidden for the tenderee to take advantage of the construction enterprise's eagerness to find a job, artificially ask the construction enterprise to lower the price and make profits, and put forward conditions such as advance construction.
(4) In principle, the determination of the target should make both bidders profitable and achieve a win-win goal. In the process of bid evaluation, on the basis of winning the bid at a reasonable low price, we should give full consideration to the social reputation, qualification, construction ability, equipment status and performance of the tendering unit to conduct comprehensive evaluation, and select the winning unit that can not only reduce the project cost, but also ensure the project to be completed on time.
4. Cost control in the construction stage of the project
(1) Formulate advanced and reasonable project cost control objectives, compare the actual project cost with the target value regularly, find out the deviation, analyze the reasons, and take effective measures to control, so as to ensure the realization of the project cost control objectives.
(2) Material price is an important factor affecting the cost of building products, and strict control of material price is an effective means to reduce the cost. On the basis of ensuring the quality of materials, strictly control the price of materials and strive to control the price of materials at the lowest level.
(3) On the premise of ensuring the quality, each project should make a technical and economic comparative analysis of various construction schemes, and choose the most reasonable scheme from them, so as to achieve the best allocation and organization of resources, thus reducing the project cost.
5. Project cost control in completion settlement stage
In the completion stage, the actual cost of the whole project from preparation to completion is calculated and determined according to the relevant provisions of the preparation and completion settlement.
The more advanced settlement method is to adopt the adjustment formula in settlement according to international practice, that is, to specify the adjustment factors agreed by both parties in the terms of the contract, and to specify which kinds of prices can float and to what extent, before agreeing to adjust. Generally, it is controlled at plus or minus 5% of the contract price, and changes within this range shall be borne by the contractor. Between 5% and 20%, the contractor is responsible for 10%, and the employer is responsible for 90%; If it exceeds 20%, another contract clause shall be signed. This can give full play to the enthusiasm of the contractor, thus saving materials to the maximum extent, reducing costs and controlling the project cost. In addition, pay attention to the collection and collation of information.
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