An encyclopedia of knowledge points in the first volume of eighth grade Chinese;
(A) Peach Blossom Garden
I. Explanation of words
Yuan Xi and his party walked along the colorful flowers.
I was surprised and suddenly enlightened.
It looks clean and tidy, and the traffic in the building is intertwined.
Old people and children with yellow hair look very happy.
With a detailed answer, I came to inquire about the capital.
A place where wives, people, wives and children are desperate and helpless.
Don't come back, no matter Wei and Jin dynasties, let alone.
Extend to his home and invite local chronicles to mark it.
Go happily to that seemingly happy unmanned ferry.
Second, translation.
1, the grass is delicious and the English is rich and colorful. The grass is bright and beautiful, and the flowers are everywhere.
2, the land is flat, and the houses are like. The land is flat and open, and the houses are neat.
There are fertile land and beautiful bamboo forests. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo.
The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. Old people and children are full of joy.
4. Lead your wife to this desperate situation. Lead his wife, children and neighbors to this isolated place.
This man heard everything. The man described in detail what he had heard.
6, the Chinese language cloud:? Not enough for humans. ? People here told him: It's not worth telling anyone outside. ?
7. Find what you want, get lost, get lost. Looking for the marks I made before, I lost my way and couldn't find my way again.
Eight, and then nobody cares. There have been no visitors since then.
9. Bustling traffic, chickens and dogs hearing each other, roads crisscrossing fields, and the voices of chickens and dogs can be heard among villages.
10, men's and women's clothes, worn as outsiders, are exactly the same as those outside the Peach Blossom Garden.
1 1, ask what is going on in the world today, whether there are Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. When they asked what dynasty it was, they didn't even know the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Third, text analysis.
This paper fictionalizes a paradise opposite to the dark real society, with the help of this beautiful realm, it entrusts the author's political ideal and reflects the wishes of the broad masses of people. Taohuayuan has beautiful scenery, fertile land, rich resources and simple folk customs; There is no oppression, no war, peace and stability here. But the ideal society of Xanadu described by the author can only be a fantasy, which is impossible to realize.
4. Answer the following questions: Answer
1. Write a sentence describing the natural scenery of Taohua Forest (in the original) 1. There are hundreds of steps on the shore, and there are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is rich and colorful.
2. Write a sentence describing the peaceful labor and happy life of the people in Caiyuan (the original text). The land is flat, the house is just like it, and there are fertile fields and beautiful ponds. Traffic? Have fun.
Write three idioms that appear in this article. 3. Be suddenly enlightened, adopt external sources and enjoy yourself (nobody cares)
4. Fisherman? Want to be poor? The reason is 4, which is very different.
5. The sentence describing the mental state of the flower picker is (in the original). He has yellow hair and likes himself very much.
6. The sentence describing the living environment of Taohuayuan is that the land is flat and spacious, the houses are just like it, and there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo, transportation, and chickens and dogs are familiar.
7. performance? Village people? What are the sentences of hospitality? He invited him home and put wine to kill chickens for food. The others went home, eating and drinking.
8. performance? Village people? Concerned about the fisherman's judgment. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire.
9、? Village people? What is the reason for coming to Taohuayuan? The ancestors led their wives to this desperate situation in order to avoid the chaos of the Qin Dynasty.
10、? Village people? I wonder if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of the reasons in Wei and Jin Dynasties. If you don't come back, you will be isolated from outsiders.
(2) Inscriptions in humble rooms
First, explain the meaning of adding words.
1, the mountain is not high, there are immortals. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. Name: Ming Ling: Become supernatural water.
2. It's a simple room: this one
3, only my virtue and virtue: good character.
4, no chaos: here refers to the sound of playing music. Chaos: making? Chaos.
5. A case without a case: an official document. Fatigue: To make the body tired.
6. What's the matter? H: what?
Second, translate sentences.
1, not hectic, not fussy. 1, there is no noisy music disturbing the ears, and there is no official document disturbing the body and mind.
2, I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. Although this is a simple house, the owner has a good virtue.
3, talking and laughing with a scholar, there is no Ding Bai. All the people talking and laughing are profound scholars, and there are no people with shallow knowledge.
4. Kong Ziyun:? What is this? 4. Confucius said: What's so thick?
Three. Answer the following questions
1. What is the sentence that dominates the full text? I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.
2. What is the crowning touch in the article? What's the matter?
3. What kind of interests (feelings) does this article express? Expressed the author's noble and proud moral integrity and poor and happy taste.
4. What is the sentence that expresses the elegance of the host's communication? There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university.
5. What is the sentence that shows the quiet living environment of the host? The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green.
③ Ailian said.
Firstly, point out the meaning of adding words.
1, lovely people are rare: many.
2, clear but not demon. Zhuo: Wash. Demon: Beautiful but not dignified.
3, do not squat. Vines: Long branches and vines. Branches: long branches.
4, you can watch from a distance and don't play. Abuse: close but not solemn.
5, the love of chrysanthemum, rarely heard after Tao. Fresh: less.
6, suitable for the public. A: Yes.
Second, translate sentences.
1, give the only love lotus the mud without dyeing. Clear and wavy, but not demon. 1, I only like the lotus that grows from the sludge but is not polluted, washed with clear water and not seductive.
2, lotus, the gentleman of flowers. 2. Lotus is a gentleman among flowers.
3, the love of chrysanthemum, rarely heard after Tao. 3. Tao Yuanming seldom heard about the love of chrysanthemum in the future.
4. Who gave the lotus love? 4. Who else likes lotus as much as I do?
5, peony love, suitable for the public. Of course, there are many people who love peony.
Three. Answer the following questions
1. What is the statement that best summarizes the noble quality of lotus in this article? Lotus, the gentleman of flowers.
2. What is the metaphor that a gentleman is not in cahoots? The mud came out unstained.
3. This paper uses flowers to express people's voices. What thoughts and feelings does the author place on Lian's description and praise? It reflects his thoughts and feelings that he does not want to go with the flow and maintain aristocratic demeanor.
4. Has the central idea of this article been adopted? Lotus? The description of his beautiful image and noble quality expresses the author's contempt and disgust for the world of fame and fortune, as well as his attitude towards life.
(4) The trip to the Avenue also
First, explain the meaning of adding words.
1, selecting talents and abilities and: passing? A compliment? Recommend, choose
2. The ancients not only kissed their relatives: use? For parents. Pro: relatives, parents
3. Not only sons and sons: same? For my son. Son: Children.
4, men have points, women have points: work, occupation.
5, goods are evil, and it is also evil to abandon them on the ground: hate.
6, thieves are not chaotic: rebellion. Thief: Harm people. Work: rising
7. It means Datong: this. Datong: an ideal society
8. Women go home: women get married.
Second, translate the answers to sentences
1, select talents and abilities, adhere to the harmony between belief and practice 1, select people with both ability and political integrity,
Everyone stresses honesty and promotes harmony.
An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only son. Therefore, people not only care about their parents, but also care about their children.
3, men have points, women have to pay back 3, men have a career, women have to get married in due course.
4, the trip to the avenue, the world is public 4, the avenue is implemented, and the world is for the people.
(5) Three Gorges
1, common sense of literature:
Author: Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer and essayist in Northern Wei Dynasty. The article "Three Gorges" comes from Notes on Water Classics, which is a geography book describing ancient waterways in China. The Three Gorges include Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.
2. Key words:
700 miles from the Three Gorges: In a small place: Not at all. Omission: complete, all//same? Lack? vacant position
Rocky peak: A peak that stands upright like a barrier. Midnight pavilion: if//noon//midnight
Xiyue: Sun and Moon. Sunrise, sunshine, here refers to the sun. As for the water Xiangling: to//Manshangling. Xiang, let's go.
Block along the back: along and downstream. Go upstream. Or the king ordered an emergency announcement: there is//announcement and dissemination.
Although riding against the wind is not a disease, even if//refers to a fast horse running at full speed//it is not as deep as a raging green pool: rushing water//the pool is deep.
Rare and prolific strange cypress: the mountain flies, which means scouring. Indeed, indeed.
Rong Qing Junmao: The river is clear, the peaks on both sides are towering and the mountains are lush. Sunny and frosty in the morning: in the morning. Lin Hanjian Su: Silence.
Genus leads to sorrow: Genus, (zh incarnation) continuous. //Reference: Extension. Empty valley: There is an echo in the empty valley.
Sadness turns into eternity: sadness turns into tenderness, which takes a long time to disappear. Absolutely: disappear. Ben: A galloping horse. Turbulence: Rapids. Three times: several times. Third, this is not an exact figure.
Genus: a genus (class) that leads to sorrow (couplet) and has fertile fields and beautiful ponds belongs to the composition (lotus).
Never: Not (disappeared) for a long time. Cliff (peak): extremely blocked: broken from the Three Gorges? Self-denial? (if)
Common words: que; Same? Lack? ,
3. Comprehensive recitation:
(1) Write the sentence that the mountains are continuous (long): Since the Three Gorges is 700 miles, the two banks of the river are connected by mountains, and there is no gap.
(2) Write a sentence with high mountains and steep slopes: the mountains overlap and the sky blocks the sun. Seen from the side, the peak is steep and quiet: because the pavilion is at midnight, I can't see the rising moon.
(3) Write a sentence that the water is dangerous: Xiangling in summer is blocked along the back.
(4) Write a sentence that water is rushing (water is rushing): Be a white emperor in the morning and go to Jiangling at dusk.
(5) Write a sentence about the characteristics of the Three Gorges water in spring and summer: the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear.
(6) The sentences that show bleak autumn colors are: Lin Han is simple and simple, and the ape is screaming, which is sad and empty, and sorrow turns to leisurely.
(7) Quoting fishing songs to set off the tranquility of the Three Gorges in late autumn is: The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the ape sings three times with tears in his eyes. ? The function of quoting fishing songs: it further highlights the characteristics of the Three Gorges Mountain, at the same time exaggerates the coldness and desolation of the Three Gorges in autumn, and also implies sympathy for the working people. )
4. Structure
The article first goes all the way to the landform of the Three Gorges (the first paragraph), and then to the magnificent scenery of the four seasons in the Three Gorges (the second paragraph).
5. What thoughts and feelings does the article show the author? It shows the author's love for the landscape of the motherland.
6. Application: (1) In June 2003, people all over the world witnessed? Three Gorges reservoir 3 15? As Li Daoyuan said, the magnificent sight of Gaoxia leaving Pinghu was once sung by fishermen? The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the ape sings three times with tears in his eyes. ? The bleak scene of the Three Gorges in autumn is gone forever.
2 by Li Bai? Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away. ? In this poem, you think of the same sentence in the Three Gorges: Be a white emperor in the morning and arrive in Jiangling at dusk.
7. Discussion: ① Why does the article write summer first and then spring, winter and autumn? Why do spring and winter write together?
What is the most striking feature of the Three Gorges scenery? Mountains and water? One of the most attractive is the Three Gorges, where there are swift and dangerous rivers in summer, so write the scenery in summer first, then write the colorful spring and winter, and finally write the sad scenery in autumn. This is also in line with the order of readers' emotional cognition. It can be seen that the choice of landscape writing order depends on the content and the reader's understanding.
The first paragraph of the article is about mountains, and the second paragraph is about water. What is the purpose of this arrangement? The characteristics of writing mountains set conditions for writing water or pave the way for the following. There is a big gap between mountains and high water levels, and the water flow speed is naturally fast. )
Grasp the characteristics and describe the four seasons of the Three Gorges: the scenery in summer? The current is swift; Spring and summer scenery? Rong Qing Junmao; Autumn in the Three Gorges? Silence and desolation.
③ Combining with the content of the article, summarize the scenic features of the Three Gorges in one sentence: majestic, steep, quiet and beautiful.
The purpose of writing spring and winter together is to show the scenery characteristics of the Three Gorges in calm season.
⑤ The author describes eight kinds of scenery in spring and summer, namely, plain rapids, green pools, Hui Qing, reflections, stunning scenery, strange cypresses, suspended springs and waterfalls.
8. Appreciate:
(1) What do you like about this article? Tell me why you like it. Such as; Accurate and interesting words; Express a happy mood or quote a fishing song as a foil.
(2) The language of this article is exquisite and refined, and the language is pretty and appropriate. Choose a little analysis.
(For example, describing the quietness of the Three Gorges in late autumn shows how sad people are. For example, when describing the Three Gorges in spring and summer, snow waves splashed because of rapids and rapids. Why? Sue? Text modification? Turbulent? Because the pool is clear, deep and quiet, so? Green? Text modification? Tan? Words. ? At the same time. what's up Fly? Words. A:? Fly? As soon as the image was written, the waterfall fell from the sky and fell into a deep valley. )
9. Answer the following questions
① From what aspects did the author describe the natural landscape of the Three Gorges?
Where is the author from? Mountain? 、? Water? Describe the natural landscape of the Three Gorges from two aspects. Write first? Mountain? Finish writing? Water? Write? Mountain? , highlighting the characteristics of continuity and covering the sky; Write? Water? , depicting different scenes in different seasons.
② How does the author describe the characteristics of river water from different seasonal scenes?
A: In summer, I wrote about the dangers and obstacles caused by the large and swift river, highlighting the characteristics of the danger and rapidity of the river. In spring and summer, the water retreats into the pool and the scenery is beautiful, which highlights the beauty of the Three Gorges in spring and summer. The scenery in autumn is cold and silent, and the water is dry and air-cooled. It sets off the sadness of late autumn with the wailing of high apes and renders the bleak atmosphere of autumn.
③ The lyrics of fishermen are quoted at the end of the article. What's the role?
A: Let's go? Frost Dan in the early Qing Dynasty? At that time? Lin Hanjian Su? The bleak scene renders the bleak atmosphere.
10. Open questions
① The Three Gorges is suitable for building hydropower stations, and two reasons can be found from this article. Please summarize in your own language and write the original words to prove the reason in the article.
Cause 1: fast water flow (or fast speed, fast water potential or fast water flow, etc. The emperor went to Jiangling in the morning and evening (or although he was ill against the wind). Reason 2: The gap was large (the same meaning). Original sentence: Hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in between,
Read the following poem, can you tell some connections between it and this article?
Li Bai, the early arrival of Baidicheng
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.