The number of enterprises and the types of products have increased simultaneously.
Since 1992, Beijing Municipal Construction Committee has implemented license management for waterproofing materials entering the city's construction engineering market, and Beijing waterproofing materials have entered the stage of standardized management. At that time, there were more than 20 manufacturers, and the German waterproofing membrane production line introduced by Beijing Auckland Waterproof Material Co., Ltd. was regarded as a banner of national waterproofing enterprises. Other enterprises are backward in production scale, technology and equipment. The products are mainly petroleum asphalt paper tire linoleum, with single variety and low technical level. After more than ten years of development, the market management of waterproof materials has changed from certification management to licensing management to filing management. The number of waterproof enterprises in Beijing has grown from about 20 in the first batch to 154 now, and the number of foreign enterprises in Beijing has also grown from about 20 to more than 150. Enterprises have developed from the initial one to a hundred schools of thought.
The area of Beijing's resumption of work increased from less than 20 million square meters in 1992 to more than 200,000 square meters in 2004. This attractive market makes some enterprises spend huge sums of money to improve their production equipment. At present, there are more than 10 domestic modified asphalt production lines in Beijing, and the production capacity has exceeded the production lines imported from Auckland that year. The production equipment has also developed from single function to multi-function integration, which can not only produce various types of modified asphalt coiled materials with tire bases, but also produce self-adhesive and tile waterproof materials. The equipment level of waterproof material manufacturers in Beijing has reached a new level. The performance of products is also constantly improving. The highest low temperature resistance of modified asphalt waterproofing membrane is-10℃ before 1994. 1994, JC/T559-94 plastic modified asphalt waterproofing membrane and JC/T560-94 elastomer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane were issued, and the indexes were improved to. In 2000, GB 18242-2000 "Elastomer Modified Asphalt Waterproof Coil" and GB 18243-2000 "Plastic Modified Asphalt Waterproof Coil" standards were issued, and the indicators were further in line with international standards, reaching-18℃, which highlighted the product durability from the technical indicators. Polyurethane waterproof coating is adjusted from 1.0MPa strength and 200% elongation before 0992 to 1.90 ~ 2.45 MPa strength and 450% ~ 550% elongation specified in GB/T 19250-2003 Polyurethane Waterproof Coatings. Polyurethane waterproof coatings have developed from a single tar-based two-component to one-component polyurethane waterproof coatings, two-component color, non-tar, etc. , and according to the function is divided into different varieties, different functions of the product system, such as plane, facade, wet foundation construction, exposed construction, etc. In recent years, polyurea ester high-performance waterproof coating which is easy to be mechanized and can be scraped by hand has been developed, and the product categories are increasing day by day.
New waterproof materials have become the mainstream of Beijing waterproof materials market. With huge market demand, extensive foreign exchange and various policy management, Beijing waterproof materials are at the leading level in China waterproof industry in terms of output and scale. There are 56 modified asphalt waterproofing membrane enterprises in Beijing, among which 10 has an annual production capacity of more than 5 million square meters, accounting for 17.8% of the total enterprises, 75% have an annual production capacity of 2 million to 5 million square meters, and the enterprises with an annual production capacity of less than 2 million square meters account for 10%. In 2003, the output of modified asphalt was more than 80 million cubic meters, accounting for 1/4 of the national output, and the total production capacity exceeded 200 million cubic meters. There are 18 registered polymer waterproofing membrane enterprises in Beijing. In 2003, the production capacity reached more than 5 million square meters, and the production capacity exceeded100000 square meters. There are 37 enterprises that have registered polyurethane waterproof coatings in this city, with a production capacity of more than 8,000 tons in 2003. The output of all kinds of rigid waterproof materials is more than 8000 tons. Its products not only meet the engineering needs of this city, but also nearly 20% of its products are sold all over the country, and some products are exported abroad.
Two problems restrict development.
Beijing's relaxed external environment, superior geographical location and attractive market demand make the development of Beijing's waterproof industry at the national leading level.
First of all, Beijing has advanced scientific and technological resources. At present, a large part of domestic waterproof material technology comes from Beijing, such as SBS modified asphalt technology. At that time, Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering developed and successfully promoted domestic raw materials on the basis of imported technology. One-component polyurethane was developed and patented by Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science, and silicone rubber waterproof coating was developed by Beijing Institute of Technology.
Secondly, Beijing is the most advanced area in the design and manufacture of waterproofing membrane equipment in China. After nearly 10 years of research and design, Beijing Building Materials Industry Design Institute has summarized the production experience of domestic production lines on the basis of absorbing foreign advanced technology. At present, more than a dozen large domestic advanced production lines have been designed, which provides conditions for domestic products to meet foreign products. Beijing Naibo Foundation Co., Ltd. has taken the lead in the design and manufacture of self-adhesive waterproofing membrane production line in China.
Although the production and application of waterproof materials in Beijing is in a leading position in China, there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries, and there are also some shortcomings in the development of the industry itself.
(A) from the perspective of the enterprise itself
1. The lack of technical talents in waterproof material enterprises has become the main reason that hinders the development of enterprises. Technical talents include not only production technical talents, development technical talents, but also construction technical talents. Most of the production and construction of enterprises are migrant workers, who learn while doing, and change with constant changes, which invisibly lays a quality hidden danger for the project.
2. Enterprise management is not in place, and the production process is not strictly controlled. Production personnel do not know the whole production process deeply, and the key points in production are not controlled in place, which leads to unstable product quality.
3. Enterprises do not attach importance to testing, some laboratories exist in name only, some laboratories have insufficient testing capacity, and the quality control of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products is not in place.
4. Enterprises generally don't know enough about the environmental performance of products. Domestic raw materials are not strict with environmental indicators, and imported raw materials are expensive, which leads to unsatisfactory environmental indicators of products.
5. Enterprises are not aware of the law, and it is common to be ignorant of the law. They can't use the law to protect themselves, and they don't know what they have done that has violated the law.
6. The packaging labels of enterprise products are chaotic. In the first quarter of 2004, Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision randomly selected 34 kinds of waterproof materials, of which only 9 kinds met the standard requirements, and the qualified rate was less than 30%. There are two reasons why the packaging labels of enterprise products are not standardized. One is that some enterprises really don't understand, and the other is that some enterprises knowingly commit crimes, product specifications and models are not marked completely, and product implementation standards are not clearly marked.
(2) From the external environment.
1. Building waterproof management system needs to be improved.
At present, China's waterproof market is well-known, such as disorderly competition, subcontracting, stripping, deviating from the construction quota and the principle of high quality and good price. The main reason is that the current policies and regulations on waterproof engineering are not perfect and the market supervision is not enough. Establishing and perfecting the quality law of waterproof engineering and strengthening market supervision are the prerequisites to ensure the quality of engineering.
2. The design of waterproof engineering and the use of materials are out of touch with the actual situation to varying degrees.
At present, waterproofing is generally ignored in the design of building projects. Designers don't know much about the application of waterproof materials, the actual situation of the project, the standards and construction specifications of waterproof materials, which leads to the disconnection between design and practice. In addition, some hidden black-box operations limit the selection of materials, and where to start the project quality assurance.
3. Various industries are competing to formulate standards, and there are many and inconsistent standards for waterproof materials, leaving an opportunity for fake and shoddy products.
Now, in addition to the building materials industry, the textile and chemical industries are also formulating standards. The differences between industries make the focus of standard indicators different, which leads to the confusion of standards and the lack of convergence between standards, which naturally hinders the healthy development of new waterproof materials. For example, there are national standards GB 18 173.3-2002 and industry standards JG/T141-2001,which are quite different, and there is great confusion in the application standards of construction sites and enterprises.
4. The application technology is seriously backward.
In developed countries, the construction of waterproof materials is highly mechanized and the construction system is relatively complete. However, in China, the current construction method is single, the waterproof system is poorly matched, the construction machines and tools are lacking, and it is basically in a manual operation state, and some waterproof application technology systems have not yet formed, which makes the waterproof operation have no rules to follow. In addition, the quality of construction personnel is not high, and the quality of the project is difficult to guarantee.
5. Irregular competition in the market makes inferior products flood the waterproof material market.
China's building waterproofing industry is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, with many enterprises and irregular operation. Enterprises fight alone, lack scale and technical advantages, and market competition stays in price competition, gaining price advantage with inferior products, which seriously affects the quality of the project.
Measures and suggestions to be taken
1. Government departments should jointly standardize the waterproof material market, establish and improve laws and regulations on waterproof engineering quality, strengthen the quality management of waterproof engineering, implement the responsibility system for quality assurance of waterproof engineering, and implement the quality guarantee period system of waterproof engineering.
2. Promote the large-scale and professional development of waterproof material production enterprises and enhance their comprehensive market competitiveness.
At present, there are more than 200 waterproof material production enterprises in Beijing, many of which are weak and the competition is scattered, which seriously restricts the development of new waterproof materials and their competitiveness with foreign enterprises. The scale and specialization of enterprises are imperative.
3. Encourage the research of waterproof building application technology and popularize mechanized construction technology. On the one hand, mechanized construction can reduce the construction intensity of workers and improve their working environment, on the other hand, it can effectively control the construction quality and speed up the construction progress. In short, the implementation of mechanized construction is a manifestation of civilization, progress and international integration.
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