Chinese examination paper
(Completion time: 150 minutes, full mark: 150 minutes) April 2008 16.
Note: All the answers are written on the answer sheet, otherwise it will be invalid.
I. Reading 80 points
Look at the following first and complete 1-6. (19)
An amazing phenomenon.
In the last three or four years, under the influence of the United States, I watched hundreds of sci-fi movies from the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea, China and Hongkong. In these hundreds of sci-fi movies, I noticed an amazing phenomenon, that is, the future world imagined in all these movies is bleak and miserable.
Early science fiction, like Jules? Verne's works created in the late19th century seem to be full of confidence in the future. However, Mary, who is regarded as the originator of science fiction? Shelley's Frankenstein (18 18) has no bright future. Even Verne's works in his later years began to become pessimistic, which was considered as "the writing content began to darken". Moreover, Verne's confidence in the future world was soon replaced by another lingering worry, and the future of mankind was no longer beautiful.
In recent decades, a large number of western movies fantasize about the future world, which has no light at all, and will always be wilderness, darkness, absurdity, illusion, nuclear disaster and great plague ... In these novels and movies, the common theme of the future world is nothing more than resource depletion, shocking catastrophe, scientific madman, authoritarian society and so on. The technology in these works is almost always not absolutely beautiful-they are either used by scientific lunatics or bad guys, or bring disasters to mankind themselves.
China's science fiction works are obviously different from those in the west on this issue-our previous works are optimistic, how advanced technology will be, how beautiful human society will be, and how happy our life will be. The task of science fiction works seems to be to describe a beautiful future world with highly developed technology and extremely rich materials for readers or audiences.
Two years ago, a questionnaire survey was conducted among French teenagers, and it was transplanted to China. The answers to some questions between Chinese and French teenagers are quite different, which is worth pondering. For example, one of the questions is like this: "If you can travel in just visiting, which era would you like to travel to?" The answers of Chinese and French teenagers are as follows:
French China
Male% female% male% female%
Our times
A.D. 2300 26 9 4 1 34
Pharaoh era 13 19 13 22
Medieval 13 9 6 7
Louis XIV 6 13
Tang dynasty flourishing age 34 35
……
The ideological basis of optimism about the future
The first reason for being optimistic about the future is that in our concept that science is an absolutely beautiful thing, we are never willing to consider its negative value or negative impact, nor are we willing to consider the serious consequences that may be brought about by its abuse. In fact, an absolutely beautiful thing cannot be abused. No matter how it is used, it will only bring more and better consequences. An inference without careful consideration is that the faster the development of science and technology, the better.
We also regard science fiction as a part of popular science-just to make "children" like it, so we use fantasy. Since science fiction is a part of popular science, it is of course necessary to describe a bright future world brought about by the development of science and technology.
Another reason is the powerful influence of traditional scientism. Scientism believes that all the problems in the world can be solved by science and technology sooner or later, which will inevitably lead to optimistic belief in the future of mankind. Under the domination of this belief, human society can only develop brighter and brighter. This simple and optimistic belief has something to do with his early utopian socialism. /kloc-at the end of 0/8 and the beginning of 09, the brilliant victory of natural science made many people believe that the laws of natural science can be applied to human society, such as French Saint-Simon and Comte. Utopian socialism actually profoundly influenced the historical process of the next two centuries.
Pessimism towards the future and postmodernism
On the surface, it seems that blindly praising science and technology can only be superficial and vulgar, while pessimistic attitudes and positions are more conducive to producing works with deep thoughts. Although this is a fact, it is not enough to explain the pessimism prevailing in western science fiction works.
To deeply understand this phenomenon, we must think about it in connection with some post-modern thoughts popular in the west in recent decades.
The material life we enjoy today really depends on science and technology. The development of science and technology is accelerating-it is developing faster and faster. Science and technology are like an express train, traveling at high speed, and we ride on it. At first, we were really happy, just like the young men and women in the movie Titanic, with open arms in the bow. But then we gradually found out that we actually had no say in the speed and direction of this train. We don't know where the train will go or who is actually controlling it. The only thing we know is that the train is getting faster and faster.
At this time, as a member of the car, you want to ask: where are we going? Can we slow down? Is it dangerous to drive too fast? Isn't that normal?
If scolded: don't ask more questions! you do not get it , do you? Anyway, it's heading for a happy paradise! Anyway, no matter how fast it is, it is absolutely safe! At this point, can you still feel those young men and women with open arms in the bow? At this point, what's the difference between you and being hijacked?
The more advanced science is, the more people will feel this way. Perhaps this is the deep reason why so many film writers, directors and novelists want to write pessimistic works.
1. The "gloomy" in the second paragraph "The writing content begins to be gloomy" refers to. (2 points)
2. "Ideological basis for optimism about the future", the article thinks that there are two points: (2 points)
( 1)、 ; (2)、 。
3. The following understanding of "postmodernism" is appropriate () (3 points)
A, human beings lost their way before the acceleration of science and technology.
B, human beings have an aversion to the accelerated development of science and technology.
C, human beings can't control the accelerated development of science and technology and generally have pessimism.
D, human beings seem to be hijacked by the rapid development of science and technology, resulting in panic.
The penultimate paragraph says, "We are really as happy as the young men and women in the movie Titanic". (3 points)
5. According to the meaning of the text, fill in an explanatory text at the back of the list in the text. (5 points) (Requirements: there must be two aspects of the characteristics and conclusions reflected by the data, with coherent meaning, about 100 words)
6. The fourth paragraph says that "on this issue, China's science fiction works are obviously different from those in the West". Are you "worried" or "happy" about this? Please briefly discuss the reasons. (4 points)
Second, read the following article and complete question 7- 12. (19)
Pushkin forever
For Russians, Pushkin is indescribable, just like the snow in Russia; For Russians, Pushkin is alive again, just like the black bread and red vegetable soup they use to maintain their lives.
Morning in Huangcun vividly describes Pushkin's childhood. I chose a strong and sensitive child to defend the dignity of the whole nation and create national culture. He ended his childhood early when the children in his dormitory were still in a daze. Pushkin had a dream in the Woods of Huangcun. Trees, grass and flowers are talking to him, in a language thousands of times more beautiful than the existing Russian. From then on, he realized his sense of responsibility. When he reappears in daily life, no matter in the living room, in the amusement park, in the circle of friends, at the banquet and in front of the poker table, Pushkin will show such characteristics: he will suddenly be distracted from the people around him, fall into the seemingly untouchable ideological abyss, and be silent and melancholy. This phenomenon began in the morning in Huangcun. He was still a teenager with curly hair at that time. He already knows his mission and why he came to this world.
Pushkin is a symbol and a watershed between wild Russia and cultural Russia. Russian literature used to be rough, scattered and imitated; After Pushkin, the real Russian spirit appeared in Russian literature, and stars appeared in the sky, which reflected each other. Pushkin is a symbol, a symbol of the spiritual strength of Russian intellectuals. Facing the cold and sinister Alexander I, Pushkin embodies the radiant nobility as a great poet and the inviolable dignity as an ordinary person. Alexander I is the emperor of the secular world, and his brutal rule is temporary; Pushkin is the emperor of the spiritual world. He lit the torch of freedom for generations to walk.
After Pushkin, Russian intellectuals grew up drinking his nectar. The poetess Zvetayeva kept writing Pushkin in her memory. Her father is the founder of Pushkin Museum. When the little girl was three years old, she felt sad for Pushkin's death. The oil painting Duel hangs in her mother's bedroom. No wonder she said without exaggeration, "My childhood came with Pushkin one footprint at a time." Zvetayeva remembers seeing Pushkin's son at home, just like Pushkin in the portrait. She secretly read her brother's school textbook "Selected Works", with Pushkin's poem "To Nanny" on it. My brother doesn't like reading, but my sister likes reading. She can't fully understand the concepts of sadness, premonition and oppression expressed in the poems, but when she read Wrinkled Hands and Forgotten Doors, she remembered them and never forgot them again. She hid in a huge bookcase, reading "forbidden fruit", a thick book "The Complete Works of Pushkin", lavender and blue. She almost read in the dark, her nose almost touched the partition between the book and the cabinet, and the weight of the book weighed on her. "I read Pushkin with my chest and brain.
The most interesting thing is that the Zvetayeva family often walks near the Pushkin Monument. Pushkin Memorial Hall is both the beginning and the end of a walk: from Pushkin Memorial Hall to Pushkin Memorial Hall. The little girl looked up at the black Pushkin statue and realized that she would also face "black thoughts, black fate and black life". Pushkin memorial hall is also the end of her race with her sister: to see who runs to Pushkin memorial hall first. My sister's nanny sometimes says simply, "Let's go and sit at Pushkin's house for a while." Little Zvetayeva always learns to correct her like an old pedant: "Not for Pushkin, but for Pushkin Monument." Zvetayeva is so fond of Pushkin's woman tatyana that she admires her: "Which nation has such a loving heroine: brave and self-respecting, indomitable in love, prescient and full of passion." Isn't it the same with her own tragic life?
Zvetayeva is just one of Pushkin's 10,000 children in Qian Qian. Pushkin had long expected that he would have thousands of children in Qian Qian. In the darkest moment of Pushkin's life, he still believed that he was a thousand times more noble than the czar who killed all Russians and seized power. Pushkin wrote in the poem Monument: I will always be loved by the people, because I aroused that kind of affection with the harp of poetry, because I praised freedom in cruel times.
And call on those who have fallen. "
7. In the third paragraph, after Pushkin, "there are stars in the sky of Russian literature, which complement each other". Please write two bright stars. (2 points)
( 1)、 (2)、
8. In the third paragraph of the article, Pushkin's contribution to Russia lies in two aspects. (2 points)
Paragraph (5) says, "Pushkin Memorial Hall is both the starting point and the end of the walk: from Pushkin Memorial Hall to Pushkin Memorial Hall." From the perspective of writing Zvetayeva, this sentence means. (2 points)
10, why should the article use a lot of pen and ink to write Zvetayeva? (3 points)
1 1. The following two items are () () (6 points)
A Pushkin, as a child and teenager, has a very rich imagination and a lofty sense of responsibility.
B, Zvetayeva's tragic life is because she loves Pushkin's heroine.
C. Highlight Pushkin's important position in Russian culture by means of comparison and metaphor.
D. Describe Pushkin and Zvetayeva's inner desires with vivid details.
E, Pushkin and Zvetayeva's childhood life is full of fun and complement each other.
F, the author expressed his praise and reverence for Pushkin in the style of practical writing.
12, the first and last echo of the article is very distinctive, please enjoy it briefly. (4 points)
3. Fill in the blanks with the following famous articles and sentences. (Optional 5 spaces) (5 points)
[Note: Candidates who answer more than 5 spaces are divided equally according to the first 5 spaces]
13, (1), humming, whispering-and then mixed together.
It is difficult to flow under the ice of throat spring. (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
(2) The thin shadow is oblique and shallow. (Lin Bu's Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden)
(3) In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror. (Li Shangyin's Untitled)
But before he conquered, he was dead. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang")
(5),, reach the world. ("Mencius with all his heart")
(6), relax,. (Miscellaneous Notes on the Book of Rites)
(7), curiosity * * appreciation,. (Tao Yuanming, Migration)
4. Read the following poem and complete the question 14- 16. (8 points)
Tian Jia Yu Wang Hongsheng
Disappointed, mountains and cold clouds are getting lower and lower. Grass wind is thin, bamboo rain is cold and miserable.
Chickens compete for more grain and cormorants swim in shallow streams. At the age of 20, urging families to apologize is even more urgent for poverty.
14, Hongsheng wrote a love story between Tang and Yang Guifei. ( 1)
15, one of the following inappropriate appreciation statements is () (3 points)
A, the poet is "desolate", but autumn scenery is depressed.
B, describe the breeze "rustling" and the cold rain "sorrowful" to set off the desolate scene of famine.
C. The words "struggle" and "wind" describe the foraging of chickens, ducks and osprey, but actually describe the horror of famine years.
D, parallel prose and neck couplets, the antithesis is neat, and the whole poem has Du Fu's "depressed and frustrated" style.
16, what kind of emotion does the couplet express? (4 points)
5. Read the following article and complete the question 17-2 1. (17)
Yao's Lu You Biography
The word Yao is a man and a general in the world. A young orphan was raised by his father to his son. In eighteen years, he fought against the Xia people in Zangdi River, and gained a lot, so the thief could not divert. Fu Xuan's envoy, Tong Guan, summoned him to talk, but he was very angry. He was very unhappy and limited his reward. But all the heroes in Guanzhong pushed him, and he was named "Little Taiwei". When Zhou Mu was stolen, Hui Sect took a hand to look for the thief. Although his hand was evil, he was convinced that he was brave and took action again. And the thief is flat, and he is the champion of the public. When he saw Guan Yu, he said, "I don't want to be rewarded, I just want to see his ears." The more consistent, the more taboo. He summoned Wang Yuan and Liu Guangshi, but Zhong Ping was the only one. Qinzong was in the East Palace, and he acceded to the throne after knowing his name. Jin people invaded, and the capital was besieged and leveled in the capital. He was called to Funing Hall and received a generous gift of gold and silk. Therefore, Zhong Ping invited birds from the dead camp and offered them to him. And out, even broken two villages, and Lu has moved overnight. Ping Zhonggong failed, so he fled by green mule and traveled 750 miles day and night to Dengzhou to get food. When I entered Wuguan and arrived in Chang 'an, I wanted to hide in Huashan, but I felt shallow. I went to Shu, and I went to the Qing Palace on Qingcheng Mountain. No one knows. After a day's stay, I returned to Damian Mountain and traveled more than 270 miles. The herbalist couldn't get there, but I got rid of the mule and found a cave to live in. It is also blessed that the imperial court counted several imperial edicts to find it. From the main road to Xichun, to the Taoist temple, I say so. At that time, he was over eighty years old, with a purple beard several feet long. His face is bright and clean, instead of choosing cliffs and thorns, he runs as fast as a horse. At that time, it was also a cursive script for people to read. It was amazing, but it was inseparable.
17, write the meaning of the following words in the sentence. (4 points)
(1), the champion of Pingzhong Palace () (2), Pingzai Capital ()
(3) If it is shallow, it will enter Sichuan () (4) Those who collect herbs cannot ().
18. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (6 points)
(1), Zhong Ping has a lot of frustration. He is unhappy, so he will be rewarded.
(2) So, Zhong Ping invited the dead to camp birds and Lu Shuai to perform.
19. The following sentence about Yao's use of force is () (2 points).
A, eighteen years, fighting the Zangdi River with the Xia people, won more B. But all the heroes in Guanzhong pushed him, and he was named "Little Taiwei".
Bingji galloped 750 miles around the clock, arrived in Dengzhou, and began to eat diced food. He cut thorns without choosing a cliff, and his speed was galloping.
20. There are two reasons why Yao Zhongping hides in the mountains: First, he hides in the mountains. The second is.
2 1. Why did Lu You preach for Yao Lichuan? (Contact Lu You Life Manager to answer) (3 points)
Read the following passage and complete questions 22-26. (12)
Ji Wang Anshi Wu Zixu Temple
Make a promise to die with the son of Guan, to see Fujian off, to say Wu, to be surprised, to be ashamed of revenge, to be famous all over the world, and not to be strong! In times of crisis and doubt, it is different from those who forgive themselves for stealing temporary interests to be able to ignore death, be generous and finish everything. Confucius talked about ancient literati. If Guan Yi Wu and Zang Wuzhong were a family, if they were determined to do good and make up for the present, they would not waste their salt. However, what is the meaning of children? In the second year of Kangding, he gave the so-called Xushan people an audience with the court, sighing that Wu had died for more than a thousand years. There are countless people who have destroyed the leather, and the only child temple has never stopped moving. How prosperous it is! Wu Zhi's excitement, Gai Yi's Festival moved the later generations, but especially in love. In the last nine years, Le 'an Jiang Gong was appointed as the ambassador of Hangzhou, the new manpower of the state, and the rest were famous.
22. Wang Anshi believes that the meaning of "Zi Xu Zhi Yi" is as follows: (Answer with sentences in the text) (2 points)
23. The first function of quoting Confucius' theory is; The second is (2 points)
24. One of the following statements is () (3 points)
First, Wu Zixu avenged Chu's defeat by Wu's forces.
B Wu Zixu made the kingdom of Wu prosperous, so the temples built are immortal.
C Wang Anshi has been to the Wu Zixu Temple built on Xushan Mountain.
Wang Anshi wrote an inscription for the newly-built Wu Zixu Temple.
25. The above can be divided into two layers. The first sentence on the second floor is: (2 points)
26. "There are countless people who have destroyed the leather, and there are endless temples for the only child. Why are they honored?" Talk about your understanding of this phenomenon. (3 points)
Second, writing (70 points)
27. Composition: Write an article on the topic "Friends come from afar".
Requirements: (1) not less than 800 words. (2) don't write poetry. (3) Do not disclose personal information.
In 2008, Huangpu District simulated the answer to the Chinese test paper of the third grade simulation exam.
one
1, (2 points) Verne's science fiction works in his later years become pessimistic about the future (or: replaced by another lingering worry)
2.(2 points)
(1) Imagine science as something absolutely beautiful. (The faster the development of science and technology, the better.)
(2) Traditional scientism holds that all the problems in the world can be solved by science and technology sooner or later.
3.(3 points) c
4.(3 points) vividly illustrates the excitement of human beings enjoying material life under the accelerated development of science and technology.
5.(5 points) Features reflected by data+conclusion
Most French teenagers prefer today to the future: in sharp contrast, only a few China teenagers like today, while most people choose the future. This is consistent with the above situation: Westerners are generally full of worries about the future, while China people are generally optimistic about the future.
6.(4 points) In view of "China's optimistic imagination of the future in his sci-fi works" (1 point), you can talk about anxiety or joy. Dialectical discussion (1 point) is convincing (2 points).
7.(2 points) Tolstoy Chekhov Turgenev
8.(2 points) Literature (field) spirit (field)
9.(2 points) Zvetayeva grew up under the influence of Pushkin's literary works and finally embarked on the road of literary creation (becoming a poet).
10, (3 points) The detailed description of Zvetayeva is actually about Pushkin. Like Russian intellectuals and thousands of children in Qian Qian, Zvetayeva grew up drinking Pushkin's "manna" (literary works), thus closely linking the topic of "forever".
1 1, (6 points) B E
12, (4 points), vividly write the importance and influence of Pushkin in the hearts of Russian people (Russian people can't live without Pushkin).
Finally, it points out why he has such an important position-influence (why he is loved by the Russian people)-because he uses his own poems to "arouse good feelings", "praise freedom" and "summon thanks to those who have fallen"
13, (5 points)
(1) The flower bottom in the language of Guan Ying is like a plate of jade with pearls, large and small, slippery.
(2) Dim fragrance floats at dusk.
However, she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening songs.
Since then, heroes have been crying on their coats.
(5) The poor are immune to this.
(6) the way of civil and military affairs
(7) Doubt analysis
14, (1 min) Yongshengtang
15, (3 points) a
16, (4 points) hate officials for "urging their families" (2 points); Sympathize with the people's "sorry" (2 points)
Five,
17, (4 points)
(1) (2) Righteousness, which has made the greatest contribution in the whole army.
(3) but (4) estimation and trade-off.
18, (6 points)
(1) Yao, by virtue of his own spirit, refused to give in at all (not at all). Tong Guan was very unhappy, so he reduced his reward (negative, less flexion, suppression, one point each).
(2) So Yao asked to lead soldiers who dared to die to attack enemy officers, and to capture the enemy commander alive and present it to () (65,438+0 points for "death" and "change" in a row).
19, (2 points) b
20.(2 points) If you have not made outstanding achievements, you will have no face to see the emperor.
Worried that Tong Guan was jealous and took the opportunity to harm
2 1, (3 points) Lu You is Yao Lichuan, a talented person, to express his grief and indignation in fighting against the nomads from the Central Plains and restoring his glory.
Six,
22.(2 points) In times of danger and doubt, be generous regardless of death, and never put it off until tomorrow.
23.(2 points) Praise Wu Zixu's "righteousness", (emphasizing that Wu Zixu's "righteousness" will spread) (1 point), which foreshadows the "prosperity" of Wu Zixu Temple below (1 point).
24.(3 points) b
25. (2 points) Kangding for two years.
26.(3 points) Wu Zixu said that "the festival can move future generations, especially in Wu", so the temple "never stops"; On the contrary, it can only be "waste leather". (As long as "knowing" is an evaluation of Wu Zixu, if you don't combine the literal sentence, you can also give 3 points for the same meaning.)