From 1954 to 2004, during this long 50 years, I was fortunate to work under the guidance of Mr. Jia Fuhai many times. The following are some impressive clips.
1. Yellow River Planning Commission
1953, in the Yellow River Basin, the Engineering Geology Department of the Ministry of Geology established two engineering geology teams. Mr. Jia Fuhai is the captain of the engineering geological team in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and Mr. Jiang Daquan is the captain of the engineering geological team in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. 1953 After graduation, I was assigned to Mr. Jiang Daquan's account. Mr. Jiang Daquan made me familiar with and sort out the geological data of Sanmenxia and Yanguoxia dam sites. I was asked to draw a structural map of the Yellow River basin for the engineering geological survey of water conservancy projects.
1March, 954, transferred to the Geological Group of the Yellow River Planning Commission, with Professor Feng Jinglan and Mr. Jia Fuhai as the team leader. I'm glad to be in this geological group, because Feng Jinglan is a professor who teaches us general geology in Tsinghua University. He once praised my sketches. And Mr. Jia Fuhai is an ancestor I admire.
In early March, the Yellow River Planning Commission organized a delegation to visit the Yellow River Basin. The delegation has a high specification and is led by the Vice Minister of Water Resources, with a letter of introduction from the State Council. The delegation consists of 12 experts from the Soviet expert group, authorities in China's water conservancy and geology, and other translators and staff, totaling more than 40 people. Professor Feng Jinglan, Mr Jia Fuhai and I participated in all the field trips. In the wild, I often get guidance from Professor Feng Jinglan and Mr. Jia Fuhai. Four months later, I benefited a lot. Field work is very tense and hard, but there are also many interesting stories, which are briefly introduced below.
The fieldwork extends from Liujiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River to the mouth of the Yellow River. At that time, the roads were not easy to walk, mostly gravel roads and dirt roads. The cars they rode were all American trucks left over from the war, 10. Among them, Soviet experts took a small jeep, the General Staff took a medium jeep, and the military 10 truck was full of everyone's luggage and the sundries of the delegation.
Almost every day, delegations leave in the morning and stay in a new place at night. At that time, in some remote areas of northwest China, the economy was very backward. One evening in April, the motorcade came to a small village. As soon as I entered the village, I saw many villagers, men and women, old and young, waiting there. They are very interested in cars, and everyone is chattering, looking around and feeling around. An old man, with a cane in his hand, touched our car and said to himself, "Train?" ..... car? ..... oh! ..... is the plane ".
The next morning, there were still many villagers around the car, and the delegation got on the car. The car has already started. Suddenly someone called to stop, and the driver got out of the car and saw two young people crawling out from under the car. The driver broke out in a cold sweat and swore. The young man explained indignantly, "We want to see if there are any cows in your car." . The driver was puzzled, and the young man further raised his own question: "How can your car run without cows?" How can your car drink water without cows? Without cows, your car will gasp when it goes uphill. "A series of questions let the driver was speechless. Afterwards, I learned that the local government specially organized local people to visit cars in order to promote the socialist industrialization of "lighting without oil and plowing without cattle".
In May, the delegation came to the middle reaches of the Yellow River where Mr. Jia Fuhai worked. Due to the closure of the main stream of the Yellow River, Lamawan, Wanjiazhai and Longkou dam sites, the investigation team had to board a boat from Togtoh, Inner Mongolia, and inspect these dam sites along the Yellow River. The Yellow River in the canyon is so fast that ships can only go downstream, not downstream, which is very dangerous. The wooden boats used are all disposable, with large hull, flat bottom and rough workmanship. Four long and thick sticks can be used as paddles after being cut. Local coal production, wooden boats full of coal, down the river, to Zhengzhou, wooden boats will die, sold at the price of chopping wood.
In the morning, the delegation boarded two wooden boats, each with a small wooden boat behind it, in case of emergency. Vice Minister of Water Resources, Soviet experts, China authorities including Professor Feng Jinglan and Mr. Jia Fuhai all sat on the first wooden boat. It was sunny all the way and the work was smooth. The cabin is full of bread, roast chicken and red wine just sent from Beijing. Everyone was talking and laughing, munching and enjoying the unique scenery of mid-spring on both sides of the Yellow River Gorge. The ship is sailing in the canyon at a very fast speed. In the afternoon, it has entered Hequ County, Shanxi Province. Just when everyone was glad that the day's work was coming to a successful end, they suddenly saw a wooden boat rushing up the reef and stopping in the middle of the Yellow River rapids. Seeing the present situation, our second wooden boat quickly docked on the shore.
At that time, there were no communication tools, and in the deserted canyon, we could only hope for miracles. However, after about an hour, the big ship parked on the reef remained motionless. People began to worry, and the boatman said that the boatman might have a way. The boatman is a thin old man, nearly sixty years old, taciturn. He has been sitting alone under the cliff on the shore. Hearing the boatman's suggestion, the relevant leaders of the delegation quickly delivered the roast chicken and wine to the old man, but the old man did not eat or drink, still locked his eyebrows and smoked a long-stemmed Chinese pipe. Everyone spent a minute in hopeless suffering, and after another hour, it began to get dark. The old man suddenly stood up. He boarded the boat alone and asked everyone to pull the boat upstream for about 500 meters. He asked people to untie the rope. The old man struggled to paddle on the boat and saw the boat rush to the stranded wooden boat like a runaway wild horse. In the distance, he only heard a bang, and a miracle happened: the big ship and the small boat rotated at the same time and ran downstream together. Everyone was stunned by the miracle that happened in front of them. It took two or three seconds before someone called out. A water conservancy technician standing beside me, in the process of cheering and jumping, unfortunately, his false teeth fell out of his mouth and were immediately washed away by the torrent of the Yellow River at his feet. But he didn't seem to mind at all, and he still opened his big mouth without front teeth and cheered.
When I came to Sanmenxia in June, Chinese and foreign experts unanimously praised Sanmenxia for its superior conditions. As the foundation of dam site, diorite porphyrite is solid and stable; The topography of the dam site is relatively open, which is suitable for arranging overflow channels, power stations, sand drains and other buildings; The dam is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is very beneficial to flood control and irrigation. Everyone agrees that Sanmenxia should be the first among the 46 grades of the Yellow River.
At the end of June, I returned to Beijing and began to write a report on the planning of the Yellow River Basin. Our geological group is in a big office. Professor Feng Jinglan's desk is near the window, and Mr Jia Fuhai faces mine. My task is to work out the engineering geological conditions of the Yellow River tributary reservoir. Mr. Jia Fuhai often gives me patient and meticulous help in the chapters of the report and the engineering geological evaluation of the dam site reservoir.
2. Sanmenxia Geological Exploration Brigade
1955 10 After completing the hydrogeological engineering geological mapping of Xin 'anjiang Reservoir, Ren, Li Zhengqing and others and I were transferred to Sanmenxia Geological Exploration Corps. At that time, Comrade Ma Zhiqing, who passed the Long March, served as the vice captain of the Corps, and Mr. Jia Fuhai served as the vice captain and chief engineer of the Corps. After chief engineer Jia Fuhai reported for duty, he asked me to be the first geological team leader of the dam site engineering geological team, fully responsible for the dam site engineering geological mapping, drilling logging and water pressure test, and responsible for the preparation of the dam site engineering geological survey report in the preliminary design stage.
In fact, Ren has experience in surveying and mapping. I don't need instructions for the engineering geological mapping of the dam site he is responsible for, but they cross the Yellow River and sometimes need my signature. Because there was no electricity in Sanmenxia at that time, there was only one wire rope between the banks of the Yellow River. A big wooden box was hung on the wire rope, and six workers struggled to twist a big winch to slowly transport the wooden box and the personnel and drilling tools in the wooden box to the other side of the Yellow River. At that time, I lived in a tent on the bank of the dam site with the geologist who made the map. Get up in the morning, go to the frozen Yellow River, scoop up the cold river and gargle. After breakfast, they go to the map. My main task is to look around the dam site, get familiar with the strata and landforms near the dam site, observe the weathering of diorite porphyrite and the development of structural fracture zone as the foundation of the dam site, and lay the foundation for writing a report.
In drilling logging and water pressure test, Chen Qijiang is the second geological team leader of the dam site engineering geological team, and his work is serious and meticulous, which I don't have to worry about. Only one day, he told me: I don't know why, when the groundwater level is between the test sections, there is often a considerable error in the calculated unit water absorption. I have carefully analyzed the hydraulic test regulations provided by Leningrad Design Institute of the former Soviet Union, and found that when the groundwater level is between the test sections, the calculation formula for calculating the pressure value stipulated in the regulations is wrong. According to the principle of hydrostatic pressure, I derived a formula for correctly calculating the pressure value. Later, the formula was published in the journal Hydrogeology Engineering Geology of 1957.
After the completion of ground mapping and drilling water pressure test, the corps asked us to submit the engineering geological investigation report of the dam site in the preliminary design stage within 7 days. I borrowed two hand-cranked computers from the laboratory, and the relevant geologists concentrated in a big office, and defined the tasks and division of labor. I go to work at 8 o'clock. Some people compile floor plans, others compile borehole histograms and engineering geological profiles. I am responsible for editing the written report. Hand-cranked computers are used to calculate and check various data and parameters. The office is very quiet except for the rustle of hand-cranked computers. After seven days of intense and orderly work, we submitted the report.
After submitting the report, the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry transferred me to the Three Gorges Project. On the eve of departure, Captain Ma Zhiqing and Chief Engineer Jia Fuhai talked to me. Captain Ma affirmed that I finished the task on time, but criticized that I didn't arrange everyone to work overtime, didn't light candles at night, and didn't form an atmosphere for the meeting. Mr. Jia Fuhai didn't criticize me, but encouraged me to work hard in my new job in the future.
The next day, Sun and I packed simple luggage and sundries, arrived in Huixing Town at noon, arrived in Zhengzhou by train in the middle of the night, stayed for one night, and returned to Beijing on the third day.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/979, I came back from a meeting in Xi 'an, got off the train in Huixing Town and took a bus to Sanmenxia Dam. The staff of the power plant were very polite and showed me around the dam, the power plant and the spectacular Yellow River spillway. According to my request, they also took me to visit the tube well used to exploit Ordovician karst groundwater downstream of the dam site. I swam in the reservoir in front of the dam 1 hour when I left. Unexpectedly, it was very different from the muddy Yellow River at that time. The open reservoir water was deep, quiet and clear. Swimming on the water, looking at the blue sky and the dam, I can't help but recall 1955 to 1956 when I was engaged in exploration work in Sanmenxia under the leadership of Mr. Jia Fuhai.
3. Explore Xizhang water source area
1958 In the spring, Director Zhang Gengsheng of the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry asked me to be responsible for setting up the Shanxi Hydrogeological Team. With a letter of introduction from the Ministry of Geology, I led seven technical backbones, including Hou Lichen, Tang and Hu Changhe, to Taiyuan Shanxi Geological Bureau to form a hydrogeological team. According to the opinions of the leaders of Shanxi Province, we first went to Pingshun County, a limestone mountain area lacking water in the southeast of Shanxi Province, and started our work.
At the beginning of 1964, the Ministry of Geology assigned Shanxi Geological Bureau a key task-to find and determine a super-large water source in the northern suburb of Taiyuan, and requested to submit the exploration report of that year and the exploitable amount of A2-level groundwater of150,000 m3/d ... Engineer Shen from the Hydrological Department personally came to Taiyuan, met with Director Shen from Shanxi Geological Bureau, and conveyed it to Chief Engineer Jia Fuhai from the Hydrological Department.
I asked the Geological Bureau to arrange a Soviet Gas69 jeep to run around the northern suburbs, east and west hills of Taiyuan, and determined the Fenhe alluvial fan replenished by Ordovician karst water as the exploration object, named Xizhang water source. The exploration design has passed the review of Jinan Design Review Meeting. In order to complete this key project, high-voltage lines and transformers were set up in the exploration area, and three YKC-20 large-diameter percussion drilling rigs and large-flow water pumps were purchased. The construction effect is very ideal. According to the pumping test, the water output of a single well is more than 4,000m3/d, and the Bureau of Geology organized the technical leaders of various geological teams to visit the site. The exploration report was submitted in June 1964+065438+ 10. In the same month, Jia Fuhai, chief engineer of the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry, led experts from the Hydrological Bureau, such as Sun, Shen and Bin Dezhi of the Beijing Hydrogeological Team, to Taiyuan for acceptance and evaluation of this key exploration project. The expert group headed by Mr. Jia affirmed the "formula for calculating permeability coefficient to eliminate well damage" that I derived (the formula was later incorporated into the national standard, monograph and hydrogeological manual of Hydrogeological Investigation of Water Supply, and won the scientific and technological progress award issued by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources). The exploration report was unanimously adopted at the meeting. After evaluation, the exploitable amount of A2-level groundwater is 65,438+600,000 m3/d.. After several years of exploitation, the actual exploitation amount of this water source area has reached 6.5438+800,000 m3/d.
4. Drinking groundwater source in limestone mountain area of Taihang Mountain
1965 during the drought, it was very difficult to use water in the limestone mountain area of Taihang Mountain in Shanxi Province. In one village, villagers even had to walk down the mountain for a day and a half to get a bucket of water. In July, Shanxi Province organized a landscape search team and appointed me as the leader of the technical team.
At that time, I was looking for groundwater in limestone mountainous areas, and I had no bottom in my heart. Therefore, combined with the work, more than 200 existing and failed wells were investigated in six counties and cities of Yuxian, Yangquan, Pingding, Xiyang, Heshun and Zuo Quan, and it was found that there were 12 hydrogeologic wells as drinking water sources. After work, I wrote a paper entitled "Drinking Underground Water Source in Limestone Mountain Area of Taihang Mountain" and sent it to the editorial department of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology. Unexpectedly, two weeks later, the editorial department sent a review opinion written by chief engineer Jia Fuhai. Chief Engineer Jia Fuhai not only carefully reviewed the text of this paper, but also required that each type should be attached with an independent profile and legend (in order to save space, the 12 profiles in the manuscript were grouped together and only one set of legend was given * * *). I revised it according to the requirements of chief engineer Jia Fuhai, and the paper was published in the journal Hydrogeology Engineering Geology 1966.
5. Tianqiao Yellow River underwater karst spring
1959, Xuanhua Geological School undertook the hydrogeological survey of the vast limestone area in northwest Shanxi1:200,000. The report submitted points out that the Ordovician spring flow is not large, and the maximum observed spring flow is only 2.18l/s. I think this conclusion is doubtful, because there are nearly 10,000 square kilometers of limestone exposed in northwest Shanxi, and there are no rivers on the surface. There should be large-flow karst springs or underwater karst springs exposed in the Yellow River basin. It can be seen from the geological map that the Carboniferous-Permian clastic strata are exposed below Baode, so the Yellow River basin above Baode should be the drainage zone of Ordovician karst groundwater. During the Cultural Revolution, my work was basically paralyzed. I thought that I could "theoretically find mines" and of course I could "theoretically find water". 1On June 26th, 967, I came to the remote Baode County alone, and I couldn't wait to pack my bags and swim ashore in the Yellow River Valley that afternoon. After passing the blacksmith shop village, I walked seven or eight kilometers and saw a rocky island in the Yellow River. The rocks on both sides of the river are inclined, indicating that there is a fault structure here. There is about 300L/s karst groundwater exposed in Huangshiyagou on the east bank of the Yellow River nearby. By visiting the local people, they said that this section of the Yellow River does not freeze in winter. This phenomenon that the river is not frozen shows that a large amount of karst groundwater flows into the Yellow River below the river surface. I went back to Baode County Guest House that night and found the limestone groundwater drainage area of nearly 10,000 square kilometers in northwest Shanxi. Although I only sold 32 thick porridge per person for dinner, I was very pleased.
From 65438 to 0979, at the invitation of Yan Xiyu, editor-in-chief of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, he wrote and published the article Karst Springs in Shanxi Province. According to Tianqiao Village, a small local residential area, this paper named the karst spring Tianqiao Spring. Referring to the limestone exposed area and precipitation in the recharge area, it is inferred that the total flow of underwater springs is about 65438+1100m3/s.
1982, our Shanxi Hydrogeological Team built a large-diameter hydrogeological exploration borehole from Baode to Hequ in the Yellow River Basin, and the gravity flow of many boreholes was above10000m3/d/d. I reported this situation to Chief Engineer Jia Fuhai. Mr. Jia is very happy. In the autumn of that year, he led a powerful delegation of karst experts composed of Xin Kuide, chairman of Geological Society of China Karst Professional Committee, Yuan Daoxian, director of Karst Research Institute, researcher Lu Yaoru of Hydrogeology Research Institute, and other well-known experts and scholars.
General Jia's hometown is Niuda Town, Yuanping County, Shanxi Province. On that expedition, I started from Taiyuan by train, transferred to a bus in Yuanping County, and passed through Niuda Town to Hequ County. Along the way, Mr. Jia was very happy. I remember the delegation came to Hequ County Guest House. The leaders of the county government know that Niuda Town in Yuanping County is the hometown of General Jia. During the dinner, they specially invited a waitress from Yuanping County to introduce General Jia's hometown. Mr. Jia couldn't help beaming when he heard the kind local accent. In addition, I still remember that dinner, I sat on the left of Teacher Jia. At the end of the dinner, Mr. Jia told me that he had nominated me to work abroad with him before the Cultural Revolution, but the Shanxi Geological Bureau emphasized the need for work and failed to do so. Although this was only a regret many years ago, it sounded thrilling at that time and I realized the joy of being deeply loved by Teacher Jia.
After being affirmed by the expert group headed by Mr. Jia, this spring has attracted the attention of all parties. In 1980s and 1990s, Tianqiao Spring was listed as a national key scientific research project. For the proposed Baode Power Plant, Fugu Power Plant and Hequ Power Plant, three super-large water sources were delineated and explored along Tianqiao Spring Basin. Among them, the maximum artesian water flow in the borehole reached a record of 56,000m3/d, 1987, the Longyangxia Reservoir in the upstream was filled with water, and the Yellow River channel basically dried up. The measured total flow of karst groundwater in this section is12.4m3/s.
6. Types of water storage buildings in China
1980, Science Press invited me to write a scientific and technological book reflecting the types of water storage structures in China. During the discussion of compiling the outline, I got the guidance of famous domestic experts and scholars such as Chen Mengxiong, Zhang Zonghu, Hu Haitao, Fang Hongci, Ha Chengyou, Liu Guangya, Cui Guangzhong and Qin Yisu. In order to fully reflect the rich and colorful types of water storage structures in China, I traveled all over 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and consulted and collected more than 1000 hydrogeologic exploration documents of regions and water sources. 1990 published the book Types of Water Storage Structures in China. This book, with a total of 640,000 words, discusses the concept, controlling factors and classification principles of water storage structures in China, and divides water storage structures in China into 4 categories and 25 types. The book selects 396 examples, 4 13 hydrogeologic profiles and plans, including the main water storage structures in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, as well as many precious exploration data such as submarine karst springs in Liaoning, groundwater in permafrost regions of northern Tibet Plateau and coral sand diving in Xisha Islands. This book expounds the formation, exploitable quantity and general laws of various water storage structures.
I remember when I accepted this task on 1980, I was the chief engineer of Shanxi Hydrogeological Team. Shanxi Hydrogeological Team is a large team, with as many as 1 100 employees and 8 drilling rigs, and submits more than 10 exploration and scientific research reports every year. In addition, I also hold the post of 18, such as deputy of Shanxi Provincial People's Congress, deputy director of Shanxi Provincial Water Resources Commission Office, and member of Geological Society of China Karst Professional Committee. So we can only take a few days or ten days off at a time to visit various provinces and cities and collect information. 1984 transferred back to Beijing as deputy chief engineer of the office of the State Mineral Reserves Committee. At that time, I lived in Lu Gu, Jingxi, and often got home at seven o'clock every night. At 7: 30, I began to organize maps and write manuscripts, and went to bed at 65438+ 0: 30 in the middle of the night.
1987 In May, I sent the completed manuscript to Science Press. Unexpectedly, the editor-in-chief said that according to the new regulations, manuscripts must be reviewed by experts. I have no money and time, which is very difficult for me. I immediately thought of turning to Mr. Jia Fuhai, the first chair in hydrogeology and a senior academician of the Academy of Sciences.
On the same day, I came to Mr. Jia Fuhai's residence with three thick manuscripts, and Mr. Jia Fuhai was not there that day. I knocked on the door, and an old woman inside asked, "Who is it?" I said, "My last name is Qian." "Are you Qian Xuepu?" The door opened. I first met Mrs. Jia, a kind old woman. I was surprised to ask, how do you know my name is Qian Xuepu? Mrs. Jia calmly replied, "Mr. Jia once talked about you."
Two weeks later, I took two bottles of wine and went to Mr. Jia Fuhai's residence. Mr. Jia Fuhai personally wrote me a review opinion. As for the two bottles of wine, Mr. Jia insisted on refusing to accept them, so I had to respect them. Mr Jia spoke highly of the book Types of Water Storage Structures in China. He thinks that the concept of water storage structure expounded in this book is clear, the analysis of controlling factors is correct and the types are divided in detail. Selected 396 examples, 4 13 hydrogeologic profile and plan are the most exciting parts of this book. This book not only covers the water storage structures in bedrock mountainous areas, but also covers the water storage structures in loose rocks, which is the first time in China. In his view, this book is actually a pioneering work in another form, which reflects the hydrogeology of China.
Many years ago, Director Zhang Gengsheng of the Hydrology Bureau of the Ministry of Geology once said that Qian Xuepu was a "bookworm". Writing here, I ask myself, I have to admit that I am a bookworm-Academician Jia Fuhai was 73 years old at that time, and he was a consultant of the Senior Consulting Center of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals, and his work was very busy. How can I get Academician Jia Fuhai to personally review hundreds of thousands of words?
7. History of Geological Exploration in Sanmenxia
In March 2004, I received a letter from Mr. Jia Fuhai, asking me to participate in the compilation of the History of Geological Exploration in Sanmenxia. I feel very cordial when I see Mr. Jia's unique and vigorous calligraphy on the envelope. For 50 years, Mr. Jia called me "Xiao Qian" on any occasion, but this time the envelope was written "Mr. Qian Xuepu". My eyes are moist and I feel the relentless passage of time. I seem to vaguely see an old man deeply immersed in nostalgic thoughts.
In retrospect, being a man should have been "the grace of dripping water", but what Jia Lao gave me was "the grace of dripping water" and what I returned to Jia Lao was "the grace of dripping water". The first editing meeting of the History of Geological Exploration in Sanmenxia was originally scheduled to be held in Xifeng Temple on October 20th, 65438/KLOC-0. It is certainly a long-awaited thing to see Jia Lao, who is 90 years old again. Unexpectedly, on June 3, 65438 10, the news of Jia Lao's sudden death came. Alas! God is really unfair. For me, the opportunity to sincerely thank Mr. Jia Lao has also become a bubble. The guilt of Mr. Jia Lao can only be buried in my heart for a long time.
Beijing, 5 June-38 April 2004