I translate.
The selected essays in Unit 6, Volume 2 of People's Education Edition of 8th grade are mainly ancie
I translate.
The selected essays in Unit 6, Volume 2 of People's Education Edition of 8th grade are mainly ancient essays about travel. The scenery is different and the artistic conception of writing is different, but they are all lyrical masterpieces, and they are lyrical with scenery. The story of Yueyang Tower is one of them, and it is a famous piece that has been sung through the ages.
Yueyang Tower was written for Teng, a friend of Fan Zhongyan who was demoted to Yueyang when he was demoted to Dengzhou. At that time, after Teng was demoted to Luoyang, it took him a year to realize "politics and harmony, everything goes smoothly". After the reconstruction and expansion of Yueyang Tower, it was still not enough to engrave the poems of famous people of all ages on it, thinking that "the landscape is not obvious unless there is a view of the building, and the view of the building is not obvious unless there is a written achievement, and the words are not written unless there is a great talent." So I asked a famous artist to make a picture of Dongting in late autumn and gave it to Fan Zhongyan together with a manuscript book.
Fan Zhongyan is neither a Yueyang native nor an official, and may have never been to Yueyang at all. Moreover, the grand view of Yueyang Tower has been described by many predecessors. Moreover, Teng's Book Search mentioned that "his subordinates gathered in Korea, Liu, Liu, Bai, and other places, picking up 78 poems, songs, and a large number of works such as servants and ministers' summer palaces, which are listed in Liang Dong." How does Fan Zhongyan write unconventional words with only one picture?
Fan Zhongyan cleverly avoided writing Yueyang Tower and wrote Dongting Lake. Moreover, the scenic spots of Dongting Lake, with its boundless scenery and boundless scenery, were just taken over in a few words, and we stopped here with a sentence "Everything our predecessors said is ready". After that, from "But ... Nothing unusual? In a word, it takes a different approach, writing the "difference" of the feelings of the immigrants who went upstairs when they saw the different scenery of Dongting Lake, and this "difference" set off the "difference" of the ancient benevolence in the fifth paragraph, which is different from the above-mentioned immigrants' view of things. In contrast, an immortal famous sentence, "Worry before the world, and enjoy after the world", is naturally engraved between heaven and earth.
Although the title of The Story of Yueyang Tower is "Ji", it is actually not a travelogue in the general sense, but a topic to play, which shows the author's broad-minded mind in political frustration and his political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", and exhorts his friends to do so. Starting from the narrative, this paper talks about the "grand view" of Yueyang Tower from the background of rebuilding Yueyang Tower, and then writes the mixed feelings of sadness and joy when the "moving poet" climbed the building. Finally, comparing this feeling with "the heart of the ancients" naturally leads to discussion and explains the author's intention. The article describes the scene first, then writes the scene, and then enters the emotion from the scene, and talks about it because of emotion, interlocking and progressive. Parallel prose language, neatly changing sentence patterns and more four-character dialogues make people feel aesthetic pleasure. Smart writing is an eternal beauty that combines the beauty of scenery, emotion, language and thought.
Curriculum Standard suggests: "Students should understand the emotional attitude of the author and his works by reading the language in reading aloud, and learn to read aloud in an appropriate tone to express their understanding of the emotional attitude of the author and his works." It is also suggested: "Some poems should be read by students to enrich their accumulation, enhance their experience and cultivate their sense of language."
"Teaching Reference" also suggests: "We should focus on reading and feeling, and test whether students understand the ideological and beautiful language of the essence of this article." "Guide students to understand the writing method of combining narrative, scenery, discussion and lyric in this article, and experience the syntactic form of combining parallel prose. On this basis, students can recite or recite with emotion. Teachers give necessary guidance to students' misunderstanding or tone priority. "
Although The Story of Yueyang Tower is written in classical Chinese, if we only make efforts to "implement every word and translate every sentence" in teaching, then no matter how beautiful the article is, it will become the language material for learning ancient Chinese, and it will not reflect its significance as the essence of traditional culture and an enduring classic. The author's personality charm is reflected in his writing, and its significance to students' aesthetic education and classical humanistic education is also difficult to understand. What is more difficult is to help students find a bridge to read classical Chinese, appreciate the vastness of our national language, enrich students' spirit and form a correct outlook on life and values.
There are many ways to teach classical Chinese, and reading and reciting are always the key points. On the one hand, a large number of excellent words and expressions really need students to remember and increase cultural accumulation; On the other hand, repeated reading can not only cultivate students' sense of language, but also enable students to understand the connotation and rich feelings of the article. According to the "reading simple classical Chinese" in the curriculum standard, you can understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Pay attention to accumulation, comprehension and application, and improve your taste of appreciation ",taking reading as the main teaching method, reading as the classic and enlightenment as the latitude. In the first class, learn to read aloud in a proper tone, summarize the paragraphs on the basis of understanding the meaning of the text, experience the beauty of the language and accumulate words. In the second class, read aloud repeatedly to understand the emotional writing style in the scene blending, and at the same time taste the language and understand the emotional attitude of the author and works.
originality design
Teaching objectives:
Knowledge goal:
Understand the author and writing background, accumulate words and understand the meaning. Recite the text.
Ability goal: read aloud repeatedly, read out emotions, enhance the language sense of classical Chinese, and experience the beauty of language and writing. Understand the writing method of this article, which contains feelings and scenes.
Emotional goal: let students feel the author's broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for himself"; Experience the author's political ambition of "worrying about the world first, enjoying the world later" and stimulate students' patriotic enthusiasm.
Teaching focus:
1. Taste the language with neat antithesis and harmonious rhythm through various forms of reading aloud.
2. In reading, I feel the author's broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for myself" and understand the author's political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".
Teaching difficulties:
Taste the beauty of scenery and the precision of material processing in this article.
Teaching methods:
Read aloud;
Pointing method;
Imagination.
Teaching time:
2 class hours.
Teaching process:
first kind
First of all, an exciting introduction.
Tao Yuanming was dissatisfied with the dirty darkness of the real society, so he invented a paradise opposite to it, and the Peach Blossom Garden was passed down from generation to generation. Wei Xueyi admired Wang Shuyuan's exquisite carving skills, so he passed away with The Story of the Nuclear Ship. Liu Zongyuan was relegated because he failed to participate in the political reform, and his heart was resentful and sentimental, but the Little Stone Pond was passed down to later generations. Fan Zhongyan has never seen or been to Yueyang Tower. How could he write Yueyang Tower? What do you want to express? Today, let's enjoy Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower. (Title of blackboard writing, author)
Design intention: Introduce all kinds of "Ji" articles learned since middle school, so that students can understand that "Ji" as a style can not only record notes, things, landscapes and people, but also express the author's feelings or opinions. )
What kind of person is Fan Zhongyan? Do you know the story about him?
Students use the collected data to answer, and on the basis of students' answers, project and show:
Fan Zhongyan is two years old, lonely, poor and helpless. I have little ambition, and I take the world as my responsibility every time. I either study hard or stay out at night and need to face the water. No food, just read with porridge. As an official, every passionate talk about what's going on in the world is desperate. Even after being slandered, Dengzhou was protected by the government. Zhong Yan is hardworking, self-motivated and doesn't care about meat. His wife can only support herself. I often say to myself, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later." On the day of death, people heard everywhere sighed.
(Design intent: to cultivate students' ability to collect and integrate data. The introduction of the writer's life is helpful for students to understand the thoughts and feelings of the article. )
Second, reading the text, the overall perception
1. Students can read the text freely, get to know the American text for the first time, and get to know the content of the article roughly.
Requirements: Correct pronunciation, fluency and fluency.
Ask five students to read aloud in turn, and the other students listen and evaluate.
? 2.？ The teacher emphasized the key pronunciation.
Projection display:
Hey (zhé)? Belong to (with "GaoShu") Yin? fee
"qi á ng" (jí) and "mí ng" (chá n)? Xie (xié)?
3. Play the recording of Bao Guoan's soundtrack. Feel the speed, tone and mood in the process of reading aloud. Stimulate students' interest in reading aloud.
Teacher's instruction: Pay attention to the rhythm when reading aloud. This paper should combine parallel prose, and the rhythm must be even when reading parallel prose. Every four words are two words, such as evil wind/howling, turbid waves/emptying; Divide the rest according to the meaning, don't read broken sentences. Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world. There should be a pause between two adjacent groups of parallel sentences. Such as up and down/sky light, a piece of blue/boundless; Sha Ou/Ji Xiang, Jinlian/Swimming. ?
4. Students read the text together.
Requirements: read the rhythm correctly, pay attention to the priority of tone, and read the mood as much as possible.
Projection hint:
Paragraph 1 is mainly descriptive and should be read slowly, peacefully and solemnly.
Write two paragraphs about Dongting Lake, which should be cheerful and powerful to read.
The third paragraph writes about people's inner sadness from the bad weather, and the mood is sad. If you want to have a low tone and speak slowly, you should read the feeling of sadness and depression.
The four sections are bright in color and full of vitality. When reading, the tone is light and the pause is slightly shorter. You should read the feeling of happiness and smoothness.
The fifth paragraph should read the meaning of generosity, sadness and infatuation and the charm of rational thinking.
5. Read the sentences.
With the help of reference books and textbook notes, work in groups to understand the main idea of the full text. The teacher reminds the students of the key words and sentences.
Design intention: to guide students to learn the basic methods of classical Chinese, to guide students to develop the habit of consulting reference books and notes after class, and to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability and cooperative consciousness. "Curriculum Standard" points out that "the evaluation of students' classical Chinese reading focuses on whether they can understand the theme of poetry with the help of notes and reference books". )
6. Accumulate words.
Let the students underline four beautiful words in the text and read them in unison to accumulate words.
7. Summarize the meaning of the text.
The class is divided into two groups, boys and girls. One group reads a passage aloud, and the other group summarizes the meaning of this passage. Two groups take turns.
(Design intention: According to the requirements of curriculum standards, let students understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books, and cultivate students' ability to feel, understand and summarize. )
8. Read the text together.
Read aloud vividly and feel the author's broad mind and lofty political ambition.
9. Think:
(1). What is the reason why Fan Zhongyan wrote this article? What was the situation between him and his friend Teng at that time?
(2) What scenes are written in the third and fourth paragraphs and what feelings are expressed? ?
(3) Where is the central sentence of this article?
Third, homework
1. Copy four beautiful words from the text in the exercise book. ?
2. Read aloud repeatedly and recite as much as possible.
Second lesson
First, read the text together to create an atmosphere.
Second, check students' independent reading.
Ask questions according to the thinking problems assigned in the last class, encourage students to express their opinions freely, understand students' understanding of the text, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
Third, beautiful products, beautiful reading, grasp the author's feelings
1. Beautiful prose, which has the beauty of phonology when read; Product, there is the beauty of painting. Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": "Everyone's works will be refreshing, and their scenery will be refreshing." What scenes did the author write in the third and fourth paragraphs of this article? What did you express? Can you feel beauty? ?
According to the students' answers:
Four paragraphs describe the poet's feelings of moving to Yueyang Tower. The third paragraph is about the "sadness" brought by the bad weather to the poets who moved, expressing the sad feelings in the sad atmosphere; The fourth paragraph describes the "happiness" feeling of the poet who moved to other places because of the favorable weather, and expresses "why are you so happy?"
These two paragraphs have a lot of beauty:
Beauty lies in the same structure, that is, writing scenery first, then expressing feelings, setting scenery for feelings and expressing feelings for scenery;
Beauty is a combination of parallelism, dispersion and strewn at random; Commonly used four-word phrases are catchy to read and enhance the language momentum;
Beauty lies in the use of duality and metaphor, which enhances the vivid effect of language image;
Beauty lies in grasping the characteristics of scenery and using accurate words: for example, using "raining" to describe the density of rain, using "howling" to describe the howling and violent trend of cold wind, using "hiding" to describe the sun and stars, and using "hiding" to write mountains;
The beauty lies in the combination of dynamic and static, "the evil wind is roaring, the turbid waves are empty" and "Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Jinyong" is moving; "The sun, the moon and the stars are shining, the mountains are hidden" and "the shore is green" is quiet; The combination of dynamic and static is beautiful;
The beauty lies in the use of sound to render the atmosphere. For example, "the tiger howls and the ape cries" dramatically increases the sense of desolation, and "the fishing song answers" is pleasant.
Beauty lies in the harmonious blend of human activities and landscape features: it is drizzling, the lake is blurred, only the drizzle is crying and the cold wind is singing, so it is not suitable for business travel at this time; At the moment of mystery, the moon is bright and the stars are rare, and fishermen enjoy songs. Only the scenery or only human activities are monotonous, and only the organic combination of the two can show harmony, unity and thought-provoking.
(Design intention: According to the requirements of the course, you can enjoy literary works and tell your own experiences; Taste the expressive language in the works. )
2. Read the third and fourth paragraphs with different roles.
In the third paragraph, boys read scenic sentences and girls read lyric sentences;
In the fourth paragraph, girls write scenic sentences and boys read lyric sentences.
(The third background music "Guangling San" and the fourth background music "Fishing Song Night")
Design intention: Let students imagine the picture in the third paragraph in the tragic tone of Guangling San, feel the gloomy and dignified atmosphere rendered by the words, imagine the picture in the fourth paragraph in the smooth and beautiful melody of Fishing Boat Singing Night, and feel the bright and cheerful atmosphere created by the words. )
3. Think about it in context. Would it be better if the lyric sentences in the third and fourth paragraphs were removed? Why?
Students discuss and communicate. Clear:
These two lyrical sentences are the central link in the development of the article's thinking. The first sentence is about the moved poet going upstairs to be sad, and the second sentence is about the moved poet going upstairs to see things happily. Linking the above is to implement the sentence "There is nothing unusual about you when you look at things"; Looking at the following, it is based on the poet's state of mind that "the ancient benevolent people" and "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for themselves", which leads to the theory that "the world is worried first, and the world is happy afterwards". If you delete two lyrics, the idea of the article will be interrupted and the internal connection of the article will be destroyed.
The title of this article is The Story of Yueyang Tower. What words directly describe the scenery near Yueyang Tower?
? Students discuss and clarify:
? Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night.
5. Can I change "title" and "pharynx" into "connection" and "solution"? Why?
Students communicate clearly:
Dongting Lake is an inanimate thing, and the use of "title" and "swallow" makes people feel alive, vividly depicts the relationship between "distant mountains" and "Yangtze River" and Dongting Lake, and becomes a magnificent and moving picture. If we use "Lian" and "Xie" instead, it only objectively explains the relative position of the three, and the picture is still, and the effect is not very good.
Guide students to read this sentence about scenery, read it with great momentum, and stress "title" and "pharynx" )
6. Among the ancient poems we have studied, which poems can be compared with this sentence?
(Students read the collected poems after class)
7. From these poems, we know that many poets who moved to other places described Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake, and Teng's Record of Searching also wrote about Dongting Lake. Fan Zhongyan took it as "prepared by predecessors". The mood of these immigrants can be summarized into two kinds: "people who feel extremely sad" and "people who are excited". So, is there a kind of person's mood that will not be happy or sad because of changes in weather or scenery? What are their joys and sorrows related to?
Clear: ancient benevolent people, they "do not rejoice in things, do not grieve for themselves." They are "worried about their people if they live in temples; If you are far away in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your husband. "
8. When will the ancients be happy?
Clear: worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later.
9. This kind of "ancient benevolent man" is an ideal figure in the author's mind and may not exist in reality. Let's talk about why the author uses materials to talk about such a non-existent person.
Projection display:
When Fan Gongzhuo talked about the writing background of Yueyang Tower in Song Dynasty, he said: "Teng is a great talent and everyone is jealous. He has been angry and depressed since he commanded Baling in Qingyang. Zheng Wen is the same age as him. He is friendly, loves his talents and is afraid of future disasters. However, Teng Hao's conceit is rare. Suffering from the lack of rules, Amethyst suddenly came to Zheng Wen with a book, demanding "Yueyang Tower". Therefore, the book says:' don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself',' worry about the world first, and be happy after the world is happy'. Its meaning has been covered. "
Students discuss, communicate and clarify:
The author takes the world as his own responsibility, and often says that "scholars worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." It can be seen that this idea of "worrying about the world first and enjoying it" is the author's ideal. Judging from his urging to get rid of bad politics and to be diligent and loving the people, it is really not empty talk. He took advantage of Teng's instructions to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower" and put forward this idealized figure, precisely for the purpose of "writing his own arms through the mouth of the ancients", which showed that he was never sad or happy about his personal advance and retreat. Although he was relegated, his concern for the country and the people would never change, which also included encouragement and comfort for Teng. The last sentence is self-evident, expressed in the form of questions, self-motivated, euphemistic and implicit.
Fifth, read together, read beautifully, and read your feelings.
Read the text together in the music of "Red Cliff Nostalgia", imagine climbing Yueyang Tower, looking at the vast Dongting Lake, feel the author's broad mind and lofty political ambition, and express the voice of the great writer Fan Zhongyan together!
Distribution of intransitive verbs
Exercise 2 and 3 after class