BIM, the acronym for building information modeling, is a technology. I translated it into building model informatization, and some teachers translated it into modeling information model, depending on personal understanding. These two words are not in the same order, and there is a little difference in understanding. The key point I understand is the informationization behind them.
First, the development background of BIM concept
The first oil crisis broke out in the world from 65438 to 0973. Due to the shortage of oil resources and rising prices, the whole industry in the United States is considering energy saving and efficiency improvement.
1975, Professor Chuck Eastman, the "father of BIM", put forward the "Architectural Description System" to realize the visualization and quantitative analysis of architectural engineering and improve the efficiency of engineering construction.
1999, Eastman developed "building description system" into "building product model", which can provide rich and integrated information of building products from concept, design, construction to the whole life cycle of demolished buildings.
In 2002, Autodesk acquired Revit Technology, a three-dimensional modeling software company, and used the initials of BIM (Building Information Modeling) together for the first time, which is known as "BIM" today.
Second, the concept of BIM
B: Building, "building", is not a house in a narrow sense, but a part of a building, a house and a construction project.
I: information, "information", is divided into geometric information and non-geometric information. Geometric information is measurable information in buildings, and non-geometric information includes time, space, physics, cost and other related information.
M: From the design stage, it is divided into three levels and three progressive concepts:
Model and digital expression of physical and functional characteristics of building facilities
Modeling, based on the model, dynamically applies the model in design, construction, operation, cost and other stages to help improve work efficiency and reduce costs.
Management is the collaborative management of multi-dimensional and multi-participant information based on modeling.
Third, the advantages of BIM
Visualization: BIM is more vivid and intuitive than CAD drawings.
Coordination: in the early stage of building construction, coordinate the collision problems of various professions and generate coordination data.
Simulation: In the design stage, BIM can carry out some simulation experiments.
Optimality: Choose the best scheme by comparing different design schemes.
Printability: release professional drawings and deepen drawings to make the engineering expression more detailed.
The above is a brief interpretation of BIM, from development to concept to characteristics. Looking at this technology rationally, it includes not only a series of software foundations, but also a model, an animation and a construction process.
BIM is the general name of a technology, which takes a specific workflow as the carrier, uses various information software to informatization construction projects, and promotes the development of social informatization. ?
Fourth, the role of BIM
Establish project management informatization based on BIM application, improve project production efficiency, improve building quality, shorten construction period and reduce construction cost. Specifically reflected in:
Three-dimensional rendering, publicity and display
3D rendering animation gives people a sense of reality and direct visual impact. The BIM model can be used as the model basis of secondary rendering development, which greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of 3D rendering effect, gives owners more intuitive publicity and introduction, and improves the chances of winning the bid.
Fast calculation and improved accuracy
By establishing BIM database and 5D relational database, the engineering quantity can be calculated accurately and quickly, and the accuracy and efficiency of construction budget can be improved. Because the data granularity of BIM database reaches the component level, it can quickly provide the data information needed to support the management of each line of the project and effectively improve the efficiency of construction management. BIM technology can automatically calculate engineering physical quantities, which belongs to the function of traditional calculation software and has many application cases in China.
Plan accurately and reduce waste.
The fundamental reason why the meticulous management of construction enterprises is difficult to achieve is that it is impossible to obtain massive engineering data quickly and accurately to support resource planning, which leads to the prevalence of empiricism. The appearance of BIM can enable relevant management lines to obtain basic engineering data quickly and accurately, provide effective support for construction enterprises to formulate accurate talent plans, greatly reduce the waste of resources, logistics and warehousing, and provide technical support for achieving quota acquisition and consumption control.
More calculation and comparison, effective control.
The support of management is data, and the foundation of project management is the management of basic engineering data. Timely and accurate acquisition of relevant engineering data is the core competitiveness of project management. BIM database can quickly obtain the basic information of the project at any time. By comparing the data of contract, planned and actual construction consumption, itemized unit price and itemized price, we can effectively understand whether the project operation is profitable, whether the consumption exceeds the standard, whether the subcontracting unit price is out of control, and effectively control the project cost risk.
Virtual construction, effective cooperation
Three-dimensional visualization function plus time dimension can be used for virtual construction. Compare the construction plan with the actual progress intuitively and quickly anytime and anywhere, and cooperate effectively at the same time. The constructors, supervisors and even owners from non-engineering industries know all kinds of problems and situations of the project like the back of their hands. In this way, BIM technology combined with construction scheme, construction simulation and on-site video monitoring can greatly reduce building quality problems and safety problems, and reduce rework and rectification.
Collision check to reduce rework
The most intuitive feature of BIM is three-dimensional visualization. Using the three-dimensional technology of BIM, we can check the collision in the early stage, optimize the engineering design, reduce the possibility of error loss and rework in the construction stage, and optimize the clearance and pipeline layout scheme. Finally, the constructors can make use of the optimized 3D pipeline scheme for construction disclosure and construction simulation, so as to improve the construction quality and the ability to communicate with the owners.
Conflict call, decision support
The data in BIM database is computable, and a large amount of engineering-related information can provide great support for the project. The engineering basic data in BIM can be coordinated and shared by all management departments, and the engineering quantity information can be summarized, split and compared according to the space-time dimension and component type, so as to ensure the timely and accurate provision of the engineering basic data and provide decision-making basis for decision makers to manage the project cost plan and schedule payment.