Name of breed: Tibetan mastiff
English name: Tibetan mastiff
Body type: large size
Dog breed classification: working dogs
History:
Originated in China, originated in 10 century.
Also known as Tibetan dog, Qiang dog, Tibetan dog and Daxian. Primitive Tibetan mastiffs live in the frigid areas above 3000 meters above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Central Asia Plain. Tibetan mastiffs are found all over Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Nepal and even Xinjiang, Mongolia and Ningxia. Tibetan mastiff is one of the oldest rare dog breeds in the world. Some researchers believe that they are the ancestors of many other large mastiffs in the world, especially in continental Europe. Although there have been many literatures about mastiffs since the middle of 1880, there are few detailed and complete materials. The earliest information about big dogs appeared in China in BC 1 100. It is inferred that the big dog's skull appeared in the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. Today, it is generally believed that the ancestors of mastiffs followed the soldiers of Aryans, Persians, Greeks and Romans, and later traveled to Europe with Attila and Genghis Khan (the king of Mongolian Khan). At the same time, in these centuries, Tibetan mastiffs have been scattered in Himalayan valleys, and now they have developed into large animals highly respected by Tibetans. 1859 held the first dog show in England, 1873 established the dog association and the first genealogy book, which included 4027 dogs. According to the official classification of the British Dog Association, this big dog from Tibet was officially called Tibetan Mastiff for the first time. 1874, two more Tibetan mastiffs were brought to England by Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) and exhibited at the court dog show in1875+February. From that time to 1928, only sporadic mastiffs were imported to Britain and Europe. 1982, the first official standard for keeping dogs was adopted by the dog association. FCI (International Canine Federation) also adopted this standard. The American Dog Owners Club (AKC) actively participated in the establishment of Tibetan mastiff breeds. The standard document of Tibetan mastiff was completed in June 2004 and came into effect in June 2005. Up to now, in Himalayan mountain areas such as Tibet and Nepal, most of them are still used as guards for temples, courtyards and animals, which are very suitable for the harsh living conditions in mountainous areas. Some of them travel with Tibetan businessmen or sheep. The task of these dogs is to protect their owners' sheep and tents from wolves and snow leopards.
Tibetan mastiff is produced in China, Tibet and Qinghai. Its fur is long, thick and cold-resistant, and it can sleep peacefully in the ice and snow. The character is strong and fierce, and the wildness still exists, which makes people daunting. Protect territory, protect food, be aggressive, have strong hostility to strangers, but be extremely affectionate to the host. He is the right-hand man who looks after the house and guards the sheep. It is as strong as an ox, roaring like a lion, both rigid and flexible, can graze cattle and sheep, can understand the wishes of its owners, and can drive away wolves, tigers and leopards. According to the introduction of Tibetan compatriots, an adult Tibetan mastiff can defeat three wolves, making leopards candidly admit defeat. Known as "Tiangou" in Tibet, westerners call it "Oriental God Dog" after understanding the magic of Tibetan mastiff.
Tibetan mastiff has a big square head, wide forehead, black and yellow eyes, short and thick mouth, slightly heavier mouth, short kiss, wide nose and thick tongue and lips. The neck is thick, drooping under the neck, with a strong figure, keen hearing and keen vision, sharp forelimbs with five toes, sharp hind limbs with four toes, extremely sharp canine teeth, small and drooping ears, listening to information from all directions, and a large and sideways-rolled tail. The coat is long and dense, with a body length of 10-40 cm and a tail length of 20-50 cm. The coat color is mostly black, followed by yellow, white, cyan and gray. Strong limbs, easy to run, moving like a leopard's tail, and fighting auxiliary, so that the enemy can not be prevented. A purebred adult Tibetan mastiff weighs about 60 kilograms, is about four feet long and has a shoulder height of more than two and a half feet. It is strong and fierce. Even if it is a rest, its shape is also losing face, and most people absolutely dare not approach it. The Tibetan mastiff is as fierce as a tiger, enough to defeat a leopard or three wolves, and its fierce fighting has earned it the reputation of a god dog, and it is also the only dog in the world that dares to fight wild animals. At the age of 8 months, accessibility is mature. Bitches estrus 1 times in early winter (10-12) every year, but in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas with low altitude, the climate is warm and properly managed, so they can estrus twice in spring and autumn. There are 4-5 nests, mostly 7-8 nests. The service life is 10- 16 years. Tibetan mastiffs are cold-resistant and afraid of heat, and can still sleep peacefully in the ice and snow at MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius. The character is strong and fierce, and the wildness still exists, which makes people daunting. Partial meat, strong disease resistance. Protect territory, protect food, be good at attacking, have strong hostility to strangers, but be extremely affectionate to the owner, work hard, and be the right-hand man of herders.
Tibetan mastiffs have different appearances because they live in different areas. At present, the top grade Tibetan mastiff with the best appearance comes from Hequ area in Tibet. This Tibetan mastiff has the original characteristics of a typical Himalayan dog: thick mane like an African lion, broad chest, bright eyes, subtle and deep. The harsh environment in the Himalayas endows the Tibetan mastiff with rough, wild, beautiful and resolute psychological endurance, and at the same time endows the Tibetan mastiff with the temperament of king, noble, elegant, calm and brave. There is also a Qinghai Tibetan mastiff. This Tibetan mastiff has almost no mane, and its hair is shorter, but it is bigger! But its character is not as fierce and calm as the mane Tibetan mastiff.
Overall appearance:
Strong and powerful, huge, well-developed, dignified and solemn, calm expression.
Habit:
Companion nursing dogs grow slowly. Bitches mature at 2-3 years old, and males become mature adult dogs at least 4 years old.
Temperament: strong autonomy, full of territorial consciousness.
Head:
The head and face are wide, the skull is wide, the occipital bone and forehead are clear, and the ratio of occipital bone to upper forehead and upper forehead to nasal tip is equal, but the length of nose can be shorter. The nasal tube is very wide.
Eyes:
Eyes radiant, shining in the dark, medium size, brown shades.
Ears:
The ears are large and triangular, naturally drooping and close to the front of the face. When alert, it naturally rises. Ears are covered with soft fluff shorter than body hair.
Mouth:
The upper front teeth and the lower front teeth are flat, and the upper and lower teeth are in scissors bite (gear bite), and the teeth rows are closely combined to make the lower jaw (lip) square and keep the cubic shape of the nasal tube. Flat teeth are also acceptable.
Neck:
Thick, muscular, rarely drooping, arched, covered with erect bristles.
The front of the body:
The shoulders are flat and the spine is muscular. The front legs are straight and thick, and lean slightly inward when standing upright.
Trunk:
Strong, straight and wide back, muscular, slightly pudgy overall. The chest droops below the elbow. The length of the trunk is slightly greater than the height.
Paws:
The foot plate is large and symmetrical, with hair between the toes, similar to a cat's paw.
Tail:
Medium-long, not longer than the ankle joint, and in a straight line with the back, naturally rolled up, the tail hair is long and fluffy, and it is flower-shaped when rolled up (commonly known as "chrysanthemum tail").
Gait:
Light-footed, elastic, free and powerful, running along a straight line. I am calm when I walk.
Fur:
Hair is thick (dense) and long, and it is thicker in winter than in summer. The hair of male dogs is longer than that of female dogs, and the hair on the neck and shoulders (and back) is longer and thicker. There are long hairs on the back of the front and rear calves.
Color:
Pure black, iron-clad gold, brown, various forms of gold, various forms of gray, cream and chocolate. It is acceptable to have a star-shaped white on the chest and a slight white mark on the feet. The upper eye is marked with "artificial eye", and the lower limbs and tail end can be light solid colors with different shades.
The market price is10,000 yuan.