Since 1989, when the United Nations began to carry out cleaner production on a global scale, eight countries in the world have successively established cleaner production centers, which has promoted the continuous development of cleaner production in various countries. 1989 In May, the Industrial and Environmental Planning Activity Center of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP IE/PAC) made a cleaner production plan according to the resolution of the UNEP Governing Council meeting to promote cleaner production on a global scale. One of the main contents of the plan is to set up two types of working groups: one is the cleaner production working group in leather making, paper making, textile, metal surface processing and other industries; The second is to set up business working groups such as cleaner production policy and strategy, data network and education. The plan also emphasizes facing people in politics, industry and academia, raising their awareness of cleaner production, educating the public and promoting cleaner production. 1At the "United Nations Conference on Environment and Development" held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992, 2 1 agenda was adopted, calling on industries to improve energy efficiency, develop clean technologies, update and replace products and raw materials harmful to the environment, and promote the sustainable development of industries. The government of China also responded positively and put forward "China Agenda 2 1.0994", which listed cleaner production as one of the "key projects".
Since 1990, UNEP has held six international advanced seminars on cleaner production in Canterbury, Paris, Warsaw, Oxford, Seoul and Montreal. 5438+0998+ 10, the fifth international high-level seminar on cleaner production was held in Seoul, South Korea, and the International Declaration on Cleaner Production was issued, which was signed by 64 signatories, including ministers and other senior representatives from 13 countries and heads of 9 companies, and attended by international organizations, chambers of commerce, academic institutions and professional associations. The main purpose of the International Declaration on Cleaner Production is to improve the understanding and image of key decision makers in the public and private sectors on cleaner production strategy, and it will also stimulate the wider demand for cleaner production consulting services. The International Declaration on Cleaner Production is an open commitment to cleaner production as an environmental management strategy.
1In the early 1990s, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) took different measures to encourage many countries to adopt cleaner production technologies. For example, in West Germany, factories that invest 70% in the cleaning process can apply for tax reduction. In Britain, tax incentives are the reason for the growth of wind power generation. Since 1995, the governments of OECD countries have started to focus their environmental strategies on products rather than processes, taking this as a starting point and introducing life cycle analysis to determine at which stage of the product life cycle (including manufacturing, transportation, use and disposal) it is possible to reduce or replace raw material inputs and eliminate pollutants and wastes most effectively and at the lowest cost. This strategy inspires and guides manufacturers and government decision makers to find more imaginative ways to realize cleaner production and products.
Developed countries such as the United States, Australia, the Netherlands and Denmark have made remarkable achievements in the fields of cleaner production legislation, organizational construction, scientific research, information exchange, demonstration projects and promotion. Especially after entering the 2 1 century, there have been two important trends in cleaner production policies in developed countries: first, the focus has gradually shifted from cleaner production technology to the whole life cycle of cleaner products; Secondly, we should give priority to financial support and other kinds of industrial support from large enterprises, and we should pay more attention to supporting cleaner production of small and medium-sized enterprises, including providing financial subsidies, project support, technical services and information.