(1) Emergency Rescue Subject
The broad masses of the people are the main body of the geological disaster rescue team. According to the investigation results of geological disasters since 1999, there are more than 240,000 hidden danger points of geological disasters in * * * nationwide. At present, the most effective method is mass monitoring and mass prevention, that is, the broad masses of grassroots cadres and masses participate in the monitoring and prevention of hidden dangers of geological disasters through training, capture the precursors, deformation and activity information of geological disasters in time, quickly find dangerous situations, give early warning in time, quickly organize evacuation and transfer, and reduce casualties and economic losses. At present, China has gradually established a geological disaster monitoring and prevention system suitable for China's national conditions.
Since 2009, the Ministry of Land and Resources has issued relevant notices to further improve the ability and level of prevention and control of geological disasters at the grass-roots level, especially to standardize the construction of group monitoring and prevention system. First, the construction of "ten counties (organized, planned, funded, preplanned, systematic, publicized, forecasted, monitored, instrumentally warned)" (No.46 [2009] of the State Administration of Land and Resources) has been carried out, and the first batch has reached 32 1. The second is to carry out the "five in place" construction of grassroots land and geological disasters. It is to build houses for residents within the jurisdiction and briefly evaluate the hidden dangers of geological disasters; Contact the group monitoring and prevention personnel of the hidden danger points of geological disasters in place; Organize the investigation of hidden dangers of geological disasters; Send the propaganda materials for prevention and control of geological disasters in place; Plans and personnel for dealing with geological disasters are in place. To sum up, it is necessary to make assessment, inspection, publicity, plans and personnel in place. The third is to build "five lines" for the prevention and control of geological disasters. Namely, administration, career support, emergency response, expert consultation and intermediary services. First, efforts should be made to change the "inverted triangle" structure of geological disaster control forces in the land and resources system, and urge cities and counties to increase staffing and strengthen administrative management. Second, on the basis of the existing geological environment monitoring stations in some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities (prefectures) and counties (cities and districts), we will promote the comprehensive construction of geological environment monitoring stations at all levels and build a solid business support line. Third, improve the organization and supporting institutions of ministerial emergency centers, refine the rules and regulations of emergency work, promote the construction of provincial emergency centers, and establish an emergency front line. The fourth is to establish emergency expert groups for the prevention and control of geological disasters, encourage cities and counties to establish emergency expert groups for the prevention and control of geological disasters, and build expert consultation lines. The fifth is to establish a geological disaster prevention association, strengthen the supervision and management of risk assessment, exploration, design, supervision and construction of geological disaster prevention, strive to improve the quality of geological disaster prevention projects, and create an intermediary service line.
(2) Professional rescue team
All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have set up provincial comprehensive emergency rescue corps according to the Emergency Response Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Construction of Grassroots Emergency Teams. On June 9th, 20 10, the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction, and put forward the requirement of "strengthening the construction of comprehensive emergency rescue teams based on public security fire brigade and other advantageous professional emergency rescue teams". The Ministry of Public Security requires the eastern provinces to build emergency rescue corps before the end of 20 10, so as to speed up and facilitate the provinces to build comprehensive emergency rescue teams relying on public security fire brigades. By the end of 20 10, 12 and 3 1, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government had listed comprehensive emergency rescue corps. The chief (sub-chief) and political commissar of the comprehensive emergency rescue team are generally the chief officers of the public security fire brigade (sub-chief), and the first political commissar is generally the leader in charge of emergency work of the people's governments at all levels. The comprehensive emergency rescue team is the backbone of the emergency rescue work organized by the government, accepting the unified leadership of the government and obeying the management and dispatch of the government emergency management agencies. The local people's government should give the comprehensive emergency rescue team the highest command, direct on-site emergency rescue, mobilize various professional teams and social resources, and save lives and eliminate dangerous situations to the maximum extent. Comprehensive emergency rescue team construction guarantee funds into the financial budget at all levels.
The construction of emergency rescue teams and brigades in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) is also progressing steadily. As of July 20 10, 153 prefecture-level governments have set up emergency rescue teams, and 82/kloc-0 county-level governments have set up emergency rescue brigades. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) generally plan to improve the rescue teams at the city and county levels in three years.
The newly established emergency rescue corps of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) undertakes emergency rescue of major and particularly major natural disasters, accidents and disasters, public health and social security within the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), and establishes a rescue system with "unified command and clear responsibilities".
(3) Emergency rescue experts
In order to give full play to the role of geological disaster emergency experts in the handling of sudden geological disasters and emergency management consultation, standardize the selection and management of geological disaster emergency experts, and improve the emergency response capability of geological disasters, the Ministry of Land and Resources has further added geological disaster prevention emergency experts, strengthened the emergency response force of geological disasters, formulated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Geological Disaster Emergency Experts of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and selected and reported to the Ministry of Land and Resources nationwide to determine 36 geological disaster emergency prevention experts.
In addition, in accordance with the group monitoring and prevention system, emergency expert groups for prevention and control of geological disasters will be established, and cities and counties will be encouraged to establish emergency expert groups for prevention and control of geological disasters and build expert consultation lines. At present, provincial units are under preparation.
(4) Other rescue teams
Since 200 1, China has established 32 professional earthquake rescue teams in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), with about 5000 people. Under the direct leadership of Seismological Bureau of China, China has set up a team of rescue instructors. A number of national rescue teams and a number of earthquake rescue training bases, such as the National Safety Production Emergency Command Center, the Mine and Dangerous Rescue Team, have also been built.
(5) Emergency rescue technology
On August 13, 2009, the Geological Disaster Emergency Office of China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, as the technical support unit of the Ministry of Land and Resources, was established, marking the substantial progress in the construction of national geological disaster emergency prevention and control institutions.
Strengthen the construction of geological disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning information system, make full use of modern communication means, organically combine wired telephone, satellite telephone, mobile telephone, radio station and Internet, establish a national geological disaster emergency prevention information network, and realize information sharing among departments.
In 2009, China strengthened the construction of geological disaster emergency information platform, and improved the geological disaster emergency network, geological disaster information system and remote video consultation system. Equipped with satellite emergency communication system, video conference system, regulated power supply system, maritime satellite phone, walkie-talkie, generator, ultrashort wave radio, handheld GPS and other five types of 54 sets of emergency equipment.
From June 5438 to October 30, 2009, the remote emergency consultation system for sudden geological disasters in Nanjiang County, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province was built under the special emergency satellite communication network platform of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Through satellite transmission, Nanjiang central station, emergency vehicle-mounted station, manual portable station, county, province and country are interconnected to conduct four-way video consultation with the disaster site. Experts can consult without leaving home and put forward treatment opinions and suggestions. Nanjiang county is the first county to realize the interconnection and interaction with the national remote emergency consultation system for sudden geological disasters.
Not long ago, China Geological Environment Monitoring Station and Hubei Geological Environment Station jointly conducted a geological disaster emergency technical drill at the geological disaster site in Banyanshan, Huangshi City. In this drill, UAV, airship and 3D laser scanner, as macroscopic and quantitative monitoring equipment, played a high-tech role in the whole drill process, and obtained high-quality aerial images and ground 3D scanning results with the resolution of 12km around the dangerous rock mass. At the same time, the UAV and airship have achieved the predetermined goals of taking off in the far field, switching operations over geological disaster points and returning safely. The remote emergency consultation system for geological disasters has realized multi-point interconnection and multi-party video consultation with the disaster site. This is also the first time that China has adopted comprehensive technologies such as unmanned small planes, airships, 3D laser scanners and multi-manual portable stations, and cooperated with many departments to carry out geological disaster technical drills through the remote transmission system of geological disasters.
(6) Emergency rescue logistics
Emergency rescue logistics is an important guarantee and support for effectively carrying out geological disaster relief work. In 2009, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Special Funds for the Prevention and Control of Extraordinary Geological Disasters, which clarified the measures for the management of funds related to the rescue work of geological disasters. At present, there are 10 central disaster relief materials storage warehouses in China, and some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities (prefectures) and counties (cities, districts) have also established local disaster relief materials storage warehouses (special for earthquakes).