Tung trees can refer to three kinds of trees.
1。 Sycamore: Platanus acerifolia. Deciduous trees, up to 35 meters high; Wide crown; The bark is grayish green with irregular peeling. Leaf blade palmate, with irregular sharp teeth and wavy teeth at the edge. Spherical inflorescence is usually a string of two, shaped like a bell, so it is called Platanus acerifolia. As early as the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, Platanus acerifolia was planted in Shanghai. The plane tree is tall, luxuriant in branches and leaves, fast growing, easy to survive and resistant to pruning, so it is widely planted as a street greening tree species and has the reputation of "the king of street trees".
Platanus belongs to Platanus in plant taxonomy, and there is only one genus under the family, namely Platanus, with about 7 species, which are native to Southeast Europe, India and America. There are only three species introduced and cultivated in China, namely Platanus acerifolia, also known as Pterocarya stenoptera, and the parents of this hybrid, Platanus acerifolia, also known as Meitong and Platanus orientalis, also known as Fatong. Now we usually call these three kinds "Fatong".
2。 Tung oil tree is also called three-year tung tree and five-year tung tree, and its scientific name is Tung oil tree. Flowering: April to July. It is a deciduous tree with a slender tree shape, which can reach 10 meter. It belongs to the genus Erythrina of Euphorbiaceae, with a horizontal crown and dense branches and leaves. It is a good landscape tree and street tree species. Its bark is smooth and gray. Monoecious flowers have 5 petals, stamens of male flowers are 8 ~ 10, and fruit seeds are 3 ~ 5.
Tung oil tree is a unique economic forest tree species in China, and it is also one of the four major woody oil tree species with a cultivation history of more than 1000 years.
There are six kinds of tung trees planted in the world, among which three-year-old tung trees and tung trees native to China are the most common. The oil extracted from tung oil seeds is called tung oil, and the oil extracted from tung oil seeds is called wood oil, which is slightly inferior to tung oil in quality. Tung oil and wood oil are golden or yellow in color, both of which are excellent drying oil and shiny. Tung oil is a good industrial oil. They are impervious to water, air, electricity, acid, alkali, corrosion and cold, so they are widely used in China's traditional export commodities such as paint, plastics, electrical appliances, artificial rubber, artificial leather and tung oil, accounting for 70% of the world's total output.
3。 Paulownia: Paulownia
Alias tung tree
This family belongs to Scrophulariaceae and Paulownia.
Morphological characteristics of deciduous trees, up to 20m, sparse crown, oblate. Leaves ovoid or broadly ovoid, length 15-30cm, width 10-20cm. The apex is acuminate, the base is heart-shaped or nearly round, the whole leaf is 3-lobed, and the back of the leaf is densely covered with gray-white dendritic hairs. Petiole length10-18cm. The spike length is about 30cm, the calyx length is 1.6-2cm, and it is shallowly divided to1/3; Corolla funnel-shaped, bell-shaped, purple, 7-9.5 cm long, with glandular hairs or stellate hairs on the outside of corolla tube, hairless and purple spots on the inside. Capsule ovoid, 3-5 cm long, with stellate hairs, persistent calyx disk; The seed wing length is 0.4-0.5cm, the flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is 65438+ 10.
It also has several related species.
Paulownia longifolia, a deciduous tree in Lankao, has straight trunk, sparse branches, broad crown, oval or oblate shape and grayish brown bark. Branchlets are long at internodes, and leaves are ovate or broadly ovate. Inflorescence narrowly conical, bud pear-shaped obovate. The flower is large, 8- 10cm long and light purple. Capsule ovoid or oval ovoid. The seeds are small and oval.
Tongzi has straight trunk, conical crown, small branching angle and obvious central trunk. Leaves, oblong, drooping leaves. These flowers are lavender.
Paulownia tomentosa has a low curved trunk, umbrella-shaped crown, dense branches and leaves, and long branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate. Inflorescence is broadly conical, bud is nearly spherical, corolla is bell-shaped, bright purple or blue-purple. Capsule ovoid.