Specifically, information technology mainly includes the following technologies:
1. Sensing and identification technology. Its function is to expand the function of human sensory organs in order to obtain information. It includes information identification, information extraction, information detection and other technologies. This kind of technology is collectively called "sensing technology". It can expand the perceptual function of almost all human sensory organs. Remote sensing technology combines sensing technology, measurement technology and communication technology, which further strengthens people's ability to perceive information.
Information recognition includes character recognition, voice recognition and graphic recognition. A method called "pattern recognition" is usually adopted.
2. The main function of information transmission technology is to realize the fast, reliable and safe transmission of information. All kinds of communication technologies fall into this category. Broadcasting technology is also a technology to transmit information. Since storage and recording can be regarded as an activity of transferring information from the present to the future or from the past to the present, it can also be regarded as an information transfer technology.
3. Information processing and regeneration technology Information processing includes encoding, compression and encryption of information. On the basis of information processing, some new and deeper decision information can be formed, which is called "information regeneration". The processing and regeneration of information depends on the extraordinary functions of modern electronic computers.
4. Information application technology is the last link in the information process. It includes control technology and display technology.
As can be seen from the above, sensing technology, communication technology, computer technology and control technology are the four basic technologies of information technology, among which modern computer technology and communication technology are the two pillars of information technology.
Www: www, also known as the World Wide Web, is a milestone in the development of the Internet.
WWW is based on Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the abbreviation of Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is used to manage the connection between hypertext and other hypertext documents.
Hypertext Markup Language: Short for Hypertext Markup Language, used to create web pages and other hypertext languages.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator, URL). The standard website consists of three parts: China/Index. In which HTTP protocol is to be used, China is the host name of the server to be accessed, and index is the path and file name of the homepage to be accessed.
File transfer protocol file transfer protocol. It allows users to transfer files from one computer to another and ensures the reliability of the transfer.
BBS: BBS bulletin board system is an electronic information service system on the Internet. It provides a public whiteboard on which every user can write, post information or make comments.
IP address: Internet protocol On the Internet, each host (or server) has a unique host number to distinguish it from other servers. The host number consists of a 32-bit binary number, which is the IP address of the host. For example:192.168.1.12.
TCP/IP:......& gt& gt
Question 2: PDA: personal digital assistant, literally translated as personal digital assistant, commonly known as PDA, is a portable computer, which is usually a little bigger than a mobile phone and can provide simple functions such as surfing the Internet and word processing.
NDS: If it's not DNS (Domain Name Resolution System), then I'm a little confused. NDS is a handheld game console of Nintendo. Isn't that a term?
TCP:trans * * * Issue control protocol, which is a reliable network transmission protocol for connecting networks.
IP: Internet Protocol is a connectionless and unreliable packet transmission technology. Also known as TCP/IP together with TCP, it is the most widely used network transmission protocol at present.
ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop, a transmission protocol developed according to the characteristics of network applications, is widely used in user access. For example, if you click on a link, you actually send an instruction (uplink) to the server, just a few k data; The server needs to return the content of the whole web page to you (downstream), about several hundred K; This leads to a gap of hundreds of times between uplink and downlink data traffic. In the traditional network communication control, uplink and downlink communication are treated equally, which wastes a lot of uplink channel capacity. In ADSL, the unequal treatment of upstream and downstream traffic is realized, more capacity is used to transmit downstream data, and limited channels are better utilized.
Question 3: Some technical terms about electronic information technology 1. Sensitive element refers to the part of the sensor that can directly feel the measured object.
It is an important part of the sensor, and the next step is to convert the component.
Some sensors have sensitive elements combined with conversion elements, such as semiconductor gas and humidity sensors.
Different sensors have different sensitive elements. For example, the sensitive element of a strain pressure sensor is an elastic diaphragm.
2.DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is a unique microprocessor, which uses digital signals to process a large amount of information. Its working principle is to receive analog signals, convert them into digital signals of 0 or 1, and then modify, delete and enhance the digital signals, and translate the digital data back to analog data or actual environment format in other system chips. Not only is it programmable, but its real-time running speed can reach tens of millions of complex instruction programs per second, far exceeding the general microprocessor. It is an increasingly important computer chip in the digital electronic world. Its powerful data processing ability and high running speed are the two most commendable features.
3. If the feedback signal weakens the net input signal, it is negative feedback; If the feedback signal enhances the net input signal, it is positive feedback. Negative feedback is mostly used to improve the amplification period; Positive feedback is mainly used in oscillator circuits.
According to the definition of IEEE (International Institute of Electrical Engineers), an embedded system is "a device for controlling, monitoring or assisting the operation of equipment, machines or factories". It can be seen that the embedded system is a combination of software and hardware, and can also cover auxiliary equipment such as machinery. At present, the generally accepted definition in China is: application-centered, computer technology-based, software and hardware can be customized to meet the strict requirements of the application system on function, reliability, cost, volume, power consumption and so on.
4. Samples and preservation
An analog storage device in the analog input channel of a computer system. It is the intermediate link between sampler and analog-to-digital converter. Sampler is a switching circuit or device, which takes out the value of the processed signal at a fixed time point. Sample-and-hold amplifies this signal value for a period of time and stores it for conversion by an analog-to-digital converter, and then takes out an analog signal value to replace the original value at the next sampling. In the working process of analog-to-digital converter, the sample-and-hold always keeps the input value at the beginning of conversion, so it can suppress the conversion noise caused by amplifier interference, reduce the aperture time of analog-to-digital converter, improve the accuracy of analog-to-digital converter and eliminate the inaccuracy of conversion time. The analog input of a general production process control computer may be tens or hundreds of points per second. For large-scale systems or even thousands of points, high-speed sampling is often needed (for example, 5000 ~ 10000 points per second). In order to send these analog signals to the analog-to-digital converter one by one without reducing the authenticity of the measured signal, sample-and-hold must be adopted. This device can generally be omitted in low-speed systems.
5. The sample-and-hold circuit consists of an analog switch, a storage element and a buffer amplifier A. When sampling, the digital signal applied to the analog switch is at a low level. At this time, the analog switch is turned on, so that the voltage UB across the storage element (usually a capacitor) changes with the sampling signal UA. At the end of the sampling interval, d becomes high, the analog switch is turned off, and UB remains unchanged at the moment of turning off. The function of the buffer amplifier is to amplify the sampled signal. There are two basic connection modes in the circuit: one is to amplify the signal before storing it, and the other is to store it before amplifying it. For an ideal sample-and-hold circuit, it is required that the switch has no offset, can move quickly with the control signal, and the turn-off impedance is infinite. At the same time, it is also required that the voltage of the storage element can track the voltage of the analog signal without delay and keep the value unchanged for any long time.
Generally, the sample-and-hold device, sampler, amplifier and analog-to-digital converter together form an analog input channel for industrial process computer systems or data acquisition systems. Field signals (such as measured parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, material level, mechanical quantity, composition, etc.) are sent to the sampler through signal processing (scale conversion, signal isolation, signal filtering, etc.). Under the control of the controller, the signal is selected by time-sharing circuit and multiplex switching, and then sent to analog-to-digital converter through amplifier and sample-and-hold circuit, and converted into ... & gt
Question 4: What are the information technology majors? Does computer science and technology belong to information technology major? 15 points computer application technology
technical secondary school
three years
Meeting minutes, business negotiation, court clerk, secretary of enterprises and institutions; Computer text entry, graphic design and typesetting, graphic information processing of magazines and publishing and printing companies.
Computer application foundation, text input technology (five strokes), art foundation, Yahweh sketching technology (basic improvement and synthesis), multimedia application technology foundation, database principle and application (vfp), Photoshop image processing, Flash two-dimensional animation production, web page design and production, plane layout design technology, computer assembly and maintenance, common tool software application, Auto CAD aided drawing, computer network technology application, and secretarial practice.
Animation and game making
technical secondary school
three years
Animation design and production, cartoon animation production, film and television animation production, game animation production post-synthesis, etc. Portal corporate image, planning (publicity) department, product sales promotion department, product introduction, publicity planning and animation production.
Computer application foundation, art foundation, animation design, animation techniques, multimedia technology and application, Authorware multimedia production, master painter, Animo cartoon animation production, Illustrator vector drawing, Flash two-dimensional animation production, animation short film creation, Photoshop image processing, 3ds max three-dimensional animation production, and late busy synthesis.
Interior decoration design
technical secondary school
three years
Interior decoration design, interior decoration design, renderings management, post-decoration, architectural effect design; Enterprise advertising design and advertising planning, graphic design, interior decoration engineering technical guidance, etc.
Art foundation, multimedia technology and application, Authorware multimedia production, introduction to interior design, interior decoration materials, Photoshop image processing, AutoCAD architectural drawing, 3DS MAX three-dimensional modeling, Rhino advanced modeling, Lightscape rendering master, Illustrator vector drawing, InDesign graphic typesetting, interior design and rendering.
Computer network technology
technical secondary school
three years
Website planning, editing, website operation, network marketing personnel, webpage development, design and maintenance personnel, enterprise network management, network wiring and network engineering; Network equipment sales staff, e-commerce.
Computer network technology foundation, computer system composition and maintenance, multimedia technology foundation, network operating system configuration management, database principle and application (vfp), Photoshop image processing, Web page design and production (dreamwave), network application server management, Flash two-dimensional animation production, integrated wiring and network construction management, web programming (ASP+Access), and network security technology.
Application of electronic technology
technical secondary school
three years
Process implementation, inspection, production organization and technical management of electronic products; Electronic circuit design, electronic equipment and system operation, management and maintenance, electronic equipment and system maintenance.
Electrical and electronic technology foundation, electronic circuit, electronic measurement technology, computer composition and maintenance, circuit CAD aided design, electronic design automation, single chip microcomputer technology, programming language (C language), embedded application and design, electronic circuit design and application, sensor technology, multimedia technology and application, computer network technology, web page design and production (Dreamwave), and Auto CAD aided drawing.
Computer rapid recording
technical secondary school
three years
Meeting minutes, business negotiation, court clerk, secretary of enterprises and institutions; Computer text entry, graphic design and typesetting, graphic information processing of magazines and publishing and printing companies.
Computer application foundation, text input technology (five strokes), art foundation, Yahweh sketching technology (basic improvement and synthesis), multimedia application technology foundation, database principle and application (vfp), Photoshop image processing, Flash two-dimensional animation production, web page design and production, plane layout design technology, computer assembly and maintenance, common tool software application, Auto CAD aided drawing, computer network technology application, and secretarial practice.
Software and information services
Universities and colleges
five years
Analysis, Development and Testing of Software Systems, Software >>
Question 5: What aspects should primary and secondary school teachers' educational information technology application ability include? First, the information technology application ability standard (primary)
1. Hardware operation skills:
① Understand and master the basic functions and operations of computers, and the basic operations of commonly used computer input and output devices (such as keyboards, mice, CD-ROMs, USB flash drives, printers, monitors, etc.). );
② Understand the basic composition and structure of computer hardware system;
(3) Can switch the computer correctly; Can correctly use all kinds of audio-visual teaching equipment equipped in the school.
2. Software use skills:
① Familiar with the user interface and basic operations of common computer operating systems (such as file management, starting and running applications);
Proficient in a Chinese character input method, and can input 15 Chinese characters per minute;
③ Master the operations of creating and renaming folders and copying, pasting, deleting and moving files on the computer;
④ Winrar and Winzip compression software will be used for compression and decompression;
⑤ Word office software can be used for text input and simple content, format and printing;
⑥ Can use multimedia courseware for teaching;
⑦ I can browse information online, search for educational and teaching resources, and upload and download them online.
3. Informationization teaching literacy: establish information awareness to adapt to educational informationization; Be able to judge the value of various information education resources, choose information education resources suitable for teaching disciplines and apply them to classroom teaching.
Second, the information technology application ability standard (intermediate)
In addition to basic abilities, you must also achieve:
1. Hardware operation skills:
① Understand the types and functions of commonly used hardware media devices (such as sound, graphics, images, animation, video, what environment each device is suitable for and what type of information is suitable for transmission);
② Understand the development trend of multimedia hardware technology in teaching.
2. Software use skills:
(1) can use Word processing software (such as word, etc.). ) be able to skillfully arrange the test papers of the subjects taught;
② You can use spreadsheet software (such as Excel) for advanced data analysis, screening and other mathematical operations;
(3) Skillfully use multimedia courseware making tools (such as PowerPoint) to make courseware, and can integrate various materials such as sound, pictures, video and animation.
(3) Being able to initially use multimedia tools to process information (such as processing, editing and processing information in the form of sound, graphics, images, animations and videos);
(4) Skillful use of e-mail, bulletin board system (BBS) and network paging tools (QQ, MSN, etc. ) and personal blog to express and communicate;
⑤ Common applications can be installed and uninstalled.
⑥ Understand the general characteristics of computer viruses and take preventive measures.
3. Information teaching literacy: can use information technology to build a teaching environment conducive to students' learning; Compile information-based teaching plans and classroom implementation plans suitable for the subjects taught; Combine all kinds of educational resources with daily teaching and apply them reasonably, be good at using educational resources to break through the difficulties of education and teaching, stimulate students' interest in learning and improve the quality of education and teaching; It can help students learn effectively by using information technology and guide them to acquire information-based learning resources (such as learning resources or related counseling materials through the network and learning by using the network teaching platform).
4. Scope of grade requirements: the members of the school-level team at or above the central primary school in our city and the teachers under the age of 45 (inclusive) should meet the intermediate application standards of information technology.
Three. Application standard of information technology capability (advanced)
In addition to the primary and intermediate abilities, it should also achieve:
1. Hardware operation skills:
① Proficient in all kinds of hardware knowledge required for computer network erection;
(2) Be able to simply eliminate equipment failures such as computer room and electronic lesson preparation room;
(3) Be able to maintain and simply troubleshoot the audio-visual teaching equipment commonly used in schools;
2. Software use skills:
(1) have a deep understanding of computer operating system and network operating system (can install, use, backup and restore the operating system);
(2) Skillfully use commonly used software to process materials (such as editing information with word processing software and statistically analyzing information with statistical software);
③ Proficient in operating skills of common office software;
(4) Master 1-2 multimedia courseware making tools (such as PowerPoint, Flash, geometric sketchpad, etc.). ) and can make network courseware;
⑤ Provide support for the construction of information-based teaching resource database in schools, the erection of various resource system software and network publishing;
3. Information-based teaching literacy: understand the means of communication of online teaching information, as well as the categories and functions of teaching media; According to the characteristics of different information-based teaching media, it can be designed and implemented. & gt
Question 6: The name of information technology. Write a new word Internet.