General structure: basic questions, listening skills, influencing skills, nonverbal skills and observation skills.
Talking is also a kind of interpersonal relationship with special distance. This requires the healer to have various abilities and skills such as sensitivity and insight.
Purpose and function: According to its function, talks can be divided into information gathering talks, diagnosis (or evaluation) talks and psychotherapy talks.
Both sides: visitors and therapists have an open and secret side.
Visitors come to consult, mostly hoping to change their emotional state through the consultation process, so that they will no longer be distressed; Improve self-esteem and self-confidence and learn more about yourself; Be able to solve personal problems and difficulties and improve the ability to deal with various events in life; Can study and live more effectively and improve the relationship with others.
Therapists need to be smart, insightful, honest, objective, sensitive, able to "perceive all kinds of experiences", able to explore problems, and always maintain a warm and cordial attitude. Sometimes the therapist is a little "aggressive" occasionally, which will make people feel that he is very strong and beneficial.
Other factors: environment, clothing, temperament, demeanor.
Listening skills: open questions, closed questions, encouragement, explanation, response and summary of visitors' feelings [9].
Open-ended question: "Can you tell me why this makes you so angry?" "Can you tell me what you think?"
"What happened after that?" "What was your reaction then?" "Who else is there?"
"What do you think of this matter?" "How do you know these opinions of others?"
"Why do you think it's unfair?" "Why do people look down on you?" "Then why did you do that?"
Closed question
Answer one or two words: yes or no, yes or no, right or wrong. For example, "this is what you care about most now, isn't it?" "He didn't agree?" "Do you really think so?" wait for
Encourage and repeat statements
Hmm ... hmm. Oh, so or what happened?
Declarative statement
Therapist: I think what you said just now is that you want to do well whatever you do, to make others think you are smart and capable, and hope others like you, right?
Reaction to feelings
"You" or the other person's name and emotional name, "What do you think …" and "What do you think …". In addition, there are often people and things related to emotions (for example, "Your husband is absent-minded every time he speaks, which makes you feel particularly annoyed")
Summary (this is a skill)
"As can be seen from our previous conversation, you mainly have several problems now: the problem of feeling overwhelmed in study and the problem of whether to continue to associate with your girlfriend. Besides, are there any other questions? "
Affect each other's skills
Explain, guide, provide information or suggestions, self-exposure, feedback, logical reasoning, impact summary, etc. [9].
explain
It can provide visitors with a new way to understand their problems and themselves.
guide
Is to tell visitors to do something.
1. indicates a voice change.
For example, the therapist said to the visitor, "Please change what you said' what should I do' to' what I hope' and change' I can't do it' to' I may be able to do it'"
2. Special suggestions or explanations
3. Free association guidance
"Think back to your childhood experience with this emotion ..." "Keep this emotion for association. Now tell me, what comes to your mind first? "
4. Role-based guidance
Role-based teaching includes role-playing, role exchange practice and fixed role practice.
5. Training guidance
There are many kinds of training guidance, such as relaxation training, decision-making training and systematic desensitization training.
Advice and information
"In that case, it may be better for you." "If I were you, I might …" and so on.
self-betrayal
Tell your personal information.
The first form of self-exposure often occurs in treatment. For example, the healer said, "I'm glad you didn't let your mother accompany you anymore, but you came by car alone."
The second form of self-exposure is that the therapist tells about past experiences related to the topics talked by the visitors. For example, the therapist said, "You said you felt a terrible loneliness. I can imagine that I have had a similar experience. It makes you afraid of being alone, and you have to go out and find someone, even anyone. But when I am with other people, this feeling still haunts you and sticks to you ... but can you tell me when this feeling is most likely to appear? "
feedback
Provide special information about how you or others view visitors' problems.
logical inference
The more you pay attention to this matter, the more afraid it will appear, which strengthens these behaviors to some extent and makes them appear more frequently.
Impact summary
The therapist's treatment summary for the visitors in each meeting.
Nonverbal skills
Eye contact and body language
Others: Tone, intonation and speaking speed
Practice: 1. Observation of good listeners and bad listeners. Practice and practice in talks.
Observation technology of nonverbal behavior
(1) physical behavior; ② facial expression; ③ Sound characteristics; ④ Spontaneous physiological reaction; ⑤ Personal physiological characteristics; ⑥ Personal overall impression [13]
facial expression
Information conveyed by body movements
Sound characteristics
Comprehensive impression
Observation and treatment of silence: creative silence, spontaneous silence and conflict silence [15].