Water is an indispensable and important resource for production and life. With the continuous expansion of resource-deficient and water-deficient areas in China and the world, how to rationally utilize and effectively protect water resources has become an important factor restricting social and economic development. In this context, a new market-"water market" is forming, which is accompanied by "aquaculture", that is, an industrial chain consisting of urban raw water, water supply, drainage, sewage treatment and reuse. Many cities in China, such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuhan and other places, have set up specialized water conservancy project construction and management institutions. According to relevant data, by 2005, the water market in China will need 1 trillion yuan. In the water supply industry alone, the annual output value will increase from the current 60-70 billion yuan to15-200 billion yuan. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total investment of urban sewage treatment plants and supporting facilities will exceed 654.38 billion yuan.
"Water engineering" is a discipline that came into being at the historic moment, involving urban water supply and drainage engineering, environmental engineering, hydrology and water resources engineering, urban water conservancy engineering and many other disciplines. It mainly includes: urban water supply project (water intake, purification and water supply), urban drainage project (sewage treatment and sewage and rainwater discharge), urban water-saving project, urban flood control and river regulation project, water resources utilization and water environment protection project, urban water management, building water supply and drainage and other professional contents. In addition to the study of water quantity, water quality is the center, and the research of water quality engineering runs through the whole water resources problem, and water treatment technology is placed in the overall concept and process of solving water resources problems. It basically covers the whole process of water social circulation such as sustainable development and utilization of urban water resources.
With the acceleration of China's full integration into WTO, the urban water market is gradually being liberalized, and the entry of all kinds of private capital and foreign capital has become the general trend, which contains huge business opportunities, entrepreneurship and employment opportunities. It can be predicted that the graduates of this major will become a new force to promote the vigorous development of this emerging industry, and will be of great use in urban water engineering infrastructure and management and related industries.
As a sunrise industry in 2 1 century, water engineering will have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards.
Professional background Water is an irreplaceable strategic basic resource and basic supporting factor for human social and economic development and maintenance of ecological environment. However, for a long time in human history, people's demand for it is very small, and compared with the water environmental capacity, the discharge of sewage is also very small, and the quality of untreated and purified raw water is generally easy to meet the requirements. Therefore, the early urban centralized water supply focused on water intake and delivery, while urban drainage only focused on the collection and discharge of rainwater and sewage, and water treatment accounted for a small proportion. This is the embryonic form of the early development of the existing water supply and drainage engineering specialty.
Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of science and technology and national economy, we have a new understanding of the utilization and management of water resources in China. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is extremely uneven. The shortage of water resources is not only a shortage of quantity, but also a shortage of quality, which has become an important factor restricting the sustained and healthy development of the national economy, and will directly affect China's urbanization process, food security, economic security, ecological security and environmental quality, and further profoundly affect the realization of China's third-step strategic goal. Especially, the water crisis, water environmental pollution and the sustainable development of society have caused great changes in the original water supply and drainage industry. The traditional professional name and content of "water supply and drainage engineering" are not enough to summarize the scientific and technological connotation of this industry. In recent years, an industrial chain consisting of raw water, water supply, sewage treatment and recycling-"aquaculture" is taking shape, and the commodity water market is developing rapidly.
Under this socio-economic background, the specialty of "Water Engineering" in Wuhan University came into being.
Three major problems (drought and flood disaster, water shortage and water pollution) in the reform of specialized water affairs have become hot issues in society. Not long ago, China Academy of Engineering organized the project "Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in China", which made a special study on the sustainable development of urban and industrial water resources, pollution prevention and mitigation of rivers, lakes and seas. The following contents are mentioned in the proposal of the consultation report submitted to the Central Committee: (1) highlights the concept of water quality disaster, and the loss of water quality disaster is equivalent to the loss of flood disaster, which is long-term and latent, and it is difficult to attract people's attention; (2) Saving water not only reduces the consumption of water resources, but also helps to reduce pollution, which is an economic water environment protection measure with strategic significance; (3) The development strategy of urban and industrial water resources should be based on throttling, pollution control and multi-channel open source;
(4) Pollution control and disaster reduction focus on source control, and the focus of water pollution prevention and control is the guarantee of safe drinking water. The research report has been affirmed by the national leaders, which also shows the seriousness of China's water problems and the importance attached by the state to water problems. Under this background, it is the general trend to deepen professional reform and adapt to the development of forms.
As a new major, the following principles have been considered in the setting of the training program for water engineering major: (1) to lay a solid foundation, broaden the scope of the major, and reflect the characteristics of the times when different disciplines intersect, infiltrate and merge; (2) Emphasize the unity of water supply and drainage to avoid the separation of knowledge; (3) Highlight the discipline characteristics and keep the engineering tradition; (4) On the basis of establishing a professional knowledge platform, it has certain flexibility to meet the different needs of society.
According to the above spirit, "Water Engineering" is a new specialty based on water supply and drainage engineering, environmental engineering, hydrology and water resources engineering and management engineering in order to adapt to the development of social economy, but it is not a simple accumulation of the above specialties, but a new concept focusing on comprehensive management and sustainable utilization of water resources. The major of water engineering focuses on the social circulation of water such as water exploitation, processing, transportation, recovery and utilization, and aims at meeting the water quality and quantity required by cities and industries, and is engaged in the sustainable development and utilization of water resources. Professional services include: urban water supply project, urban drainage project, urban water saving project, urban flood control project, urban water resources utilization and water environment protection project, urban water management, etc.
This major trains compound talents who meet the requirements of the development of scientific and technological productive forces in the 2 1 century, develop in an all-round way morally, intellectually and physically, have a broad and solid foundation in natural science, have a good application foundation in computer, foreign languages, economy and management, master the basic knowledge and professional skills of water conservancy projects, have strong adaptability, innovation and coordination ability, and can work in water affairs, water conservancy, municipal administration, environment, transportation and other water-related departments.
Engineering drawing, surveying, hydraulics, engineering mechanics, structural mechanics, hydrogeology and engineering geology, reinforced concrete structure, engineering hydrology, environmental introduction, urban planning principles, hydraulic structures, water supply and drainage engineering, water treatment engineering, water planning and management, urban flood control and disaster reduction.
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