Keywords: flow; Informatization; intelligentize
Experts pointed out: In the 2nd/kloc-0th century, the world will enter the era of informationization and logistics, with increasingly developed road traffic and rapidly changing scientific and technological information. How to make limited IT resources play the most effective role in the development of core business, improve work efficiency and increase the satisfaction of end users; How to obtain professional support ability as soon as possible, realize the perfect management of the system and improve the reliability and availability of the system; How to keep up with the development of IT technology, better manage IT operating costs and update related technologies in time to improve competitiveness will be a prominent problem faced by any unit.
Advanced traffic information system (ATIS) is an important part of intelligent transportation system. The structure of urban traffic information system includes: a core, namely, traffic information center, eight subsystems of traffic management, electronic toll collection, traffic guidance, traffic information service, geographic information, emergency rescue, vehicle management, vehicle safety driving assistance, and two databases of road traffic management and vehicle management. Traffic information system will have a positive impact in China.
1 Current situation of foreign traffic informatization
1. 1 USA. Representative systems in the United States include TRAVTEK, ADVANCE and FASTTRAC.
TRAVTEK aims at real-time route guidance and practical service information system, which consists of traffic management center, information and service center and vehicles equipped with navigation devices. The traffic management center collects, manages and provides road traffic information, and also manages and provides information needed for system operation; Vehicle navigation equipment consists of three functions: vehicle position determination, route selection and interface.
ADVANCE directly connects the vehicle navigation device with the traffic control center through two-way communication of radio waves. The navigation device consists of touch screen, display and navigation computer. Once the final destination is entered, the best route can be calculated by using the latest traffic information. Route guidance is in the form of sound synthesis and symbolic indication on the display.
FASTTRAC is an ITS project, which combines advanced traffic management system (ATMS) and advanced traffic information system (ATIS) technology. It plans to carry out experiments to unify the experimental vehicle with the information control method, that is, to optimize the signal control and green signal according to the waiting time of vehicle measurement.
1.2 Japan. The representative systems in Japan are VICS and ATIS.
VICS Center collects traffic information of traffic managers and road managers through Japan Road Traffic Communication Center. The information provided by VICS includes: traffic jam information, required time information, traffic obstacle information, traffic control information and parking lot information.
ATIS is an advanced traffic information service system, and its communication medium is telephone line (wireless and wired). Users of traffic information can receive multimedia map information and text information according to their own needs through navigation devices installed in cars or microcomputers at home and office.
1.3 Europe. The representative systems in Europe are SOCRATES, EUROSCOUT and Trafficmaster.
SOCRATES is a system that effectively plays the role of the traditional cellular wireless telephone infrastructure (ground station), enabling the traffic command center to communicate with the moving vehicles in two directions. Its downlink can provide detailed digital information of road traffic conditions to vehicles equipped with SOCRATES in the network of each ground station by "broadcasting". The uplink adopts multi-frequency access protocol and sends information to the traffic command center through the base station.
EUROSCOUT is a dynamic route navigation system based on infrared beacon. The infrared communication between the vehicle and the beacon is bidirectional, and the vehicle becomes a probe, which transmits traffic information data such as driving time, queuing and OD information to the central navigation computer.
Trafficmaster is a system used in a large-scale expressway with London as the center, which uses a pager network to provide traffic information. The sensor that collects traffic data in expressway sends out infrared beams in both directions, and detects the speed of the vehicle according to the reflected wave time difference of each light speed on the vehicle.
2 traffic information system structure
With the development of automobile traffic, traffic congestion, road congestion and frequent traffic accidents are increasingly plaguing major cities in the world. With the development of automobile industry, road traffic can not meet the demand, and various traffic problems caused by it are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, in recent years, roads, vehicles and everything related to traffic have been integrated and linked by information and communication technology, electronic technology and other scientific technologies, so the research and development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) came into being.
Advanced traffic information system (ATIS) is an important part of ITS, and it is also the foundation and key technology of ITS development. ATIS is based on a perfect information network. Traffic participants can provide traffic information to the traffic information center through sensors and transmission equipment installed on roads, cars, transfer stations, parking lots and meteorological centers. After the center obtains and processes the information, it provides the traffic participants with travel-related information such as road traffic information, public transportation information, transfer information, traffic meteorological information, parking lot information and so on in real time; According to this information, travelers determine their own travel modes and choose routes. Generally speaking, the traffic information system is to collect relevant traffic information, analyze, transmit and provide information, and provide real-time help for travelers in the journey from the starting point to the destination, making the whole journey comfortable, convenient and efficient.
The information that travelers pay attention to includes three aspects: information that is effective for the "pre-departure" sports plan, information that is conducive to "driving while driving" on the road, and information that provides convenience for "transferring" to trains, buses, civil aviation or ships.
According to the information needs of travelers, the needs of traffic managers and logistics operators in operation management, combined with the actual situation of administrative management in China, the structure of traffic information system is determined.
The traffic management subsystem is mainly provided by the traffic command center with information organized by the collected basic data such as road sections, intersections, elevated traffic and urban entrances and exits. Operating vehicle management subsystem includes public transportation and logistics management, public transportation management includes taxi and bus management, and logistics management includes freight and taxi management. The emergency rescue subsystem includes general accident alarm and special disaster rescue. The guidance system includes route guidance and parking guidance. The information collected by some subsystems will be provided to the whole system. By providing historical data and real-time predictable information, it will support travel decision-making. The system will release traffic information to the public in real time and guidance information to various media through network query. The structure of the system is a combination of distribution and concentration, and the distribution of each subsystem is relatively balanced. The traffic information center has an information platform for information integration. Each subsystem completes data collection, local operation management and information integration. The construction of urban traffic information system can be carried out in stages, and departments with relatively mature conditions can give priority to development and build demonstration projects to promote the development of other departments. At the same time, the actual operation process of traffic information system needs the cooperation of all departments involved in each subsystem to realize the optimal construction and operation of the system. System design should not only pay attention to the research and development of the system core, but also pay attention to the interconnection with each subsystem. Resource sharing is the lifeline of traffic information system. Human life is inseparable from traffic. In people-oriented transportation planning, management and design, it is the only way to comprehensively use modern information and communication technology to improve transportation efficiency. After determining the basic architecture, the traffic information system needs further system design to be realized.
3 traffic information management tools
3. 1 Divide troops to handle and manage counterparts. In order to facilitate the timely and accurate entry of various business data and provide valuable reference for the next decision-making, corresponding relationships should be established one by one according to the requirements of different data collection and entry, and linked with job responsibilities.
3.2 "Three-point technology, seven-point management". This is a classic theory that has been proved by countless practices, and this theory is also applicable to the construction of traffic intelligence information. The connotation of traffic intelligent information management is very rich, including the establishment of information institutions, the formulation of information policies, the reform of information system, the strategy, planning and plan of information development, the implementation of information projects, the management and promotion of results, and the management activities and processes of information funds, talents, equipment and information. Therefore, information management should use basic functions such as planning, organization, command, coordination and control, and effectively use basic elements such as manpower, material resources, financial resources and information to achieve the expected goals.
Concluding remarks
Urban traffic information system will surely occupy a place in the real high-information communication society in the future, and it will also play an important role in realizing an efficient and comfortable traffic society. The implementation of urban traffic information system in the future will certainly bring greater convenience to residents' travel, accident and disaster relief and goods circulation.
At the same time, it will play a great role in reducing traffic trips, traffic volume, congestion, pollution, service level and social and economic benefits.
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