The State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics is a key laboratory in the field of earth sciences established by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China relying on the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The purpose of the laboratory is to study the composition, structure, behavior, dynamic evolution and deep driving mechanism of the mainland, serve the national interests and social needs of resources, energy and disaster reduction, promote the development of earth science and improve the level of public geological survey in China. The laboratory includes micro-area analysis room of material composition, rock fabric laboratory, isotope geochemistry laboratory and deep geophysics laboratory; We have established a platform for international joint research with many first-class laboratories and famous scientists at home and abroad.
(2) Important scientific research achievements 20 13
1. A major breakthrough in the study of mantle minerals and ophiolite-the discovery of a new ultrahigh-pressure mineral, Songqing Mine, in Tibet.
On the basis of previous studies, the mantle rock team headed by researcher Yang Jingsui has made important new progress in the study of mantle minerals and ophiolite. They found diamonds in 10 ophiolite in five orogenic belts around the world. A series of ultra-high pressure minerals have been found in chromite, and a new understanding of "ophiolite-type diamond" has been put forward, which has broken the "imprisonment" of the traditional concept that ophiolite chromite was formed in the mid-ocean ridge or back-arc expansion environment with high temperature and low pressure, opened up a new research field of mixed debris of continental materials and harzburgite-type mantle peridotite, and attracted great attention of geologists at home and abroad (Figure 26).
2. The English version of Academician Yang Wencai's book Reflection Seismology was published in the United States.
Academician Yang Wencai's book "Reflection Seismology: Theory, Data Processing and Interpretation" will be published in the United States recently by Elsevier Company. The book is divided into 7 chapters and 255 pages, and the book number is: 978-0- 12409538-0. The new book said: "This book provides geologists and engineers with a solid theoretical foundation and navigation of rapidly developing seismic data processing technology." In the preface, the author marked "National Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics" and "Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences", indicating that this is the research result obtained by the author with the support of his unit for many years.
3. India/Asia collision: the transition from extrusion to lateral extrusion
On the basis of 20 years' research, the research team of continental dynamics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau headed by Academician Xu Zhiqin put forward a systematic understanding of "India/Asia collision: the transition from compression to lateral compression", which was published at academic conferences on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at home and abroad. In view of the compression and material absorption of the main belt of India/Asia collision, the three-dimensional orogenic mechanism of high Himalayan thermal collision and the crustal compression inversion model of India/Asia collision suture zone are put forward, and the two wrestling forces of India/Asia collision-crustal wedging and high-angle deep subduction of the east and west Himalayan tectonic junction, India/Asia collision on the southeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-lateral material escape and land-land collision Xiang Yang-land subduction are expounded.
Fig. 26 schematic diagram of the location of ophiolite where diamonds were recently found.
Schematic diagram of parallel orogenic ductile shear extension of high Himalayan terrane in Himalayan orogenic belt
Fig. 28 Three-dimensional extrusion dynamic model of high Himalayan formed in late Oligocene-Miocene.
4. New achievements in the study of metamorphic evolution in southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Zhang Zeming's team has worked in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for nearly 10 years. Focusing on the study of metamorphism and evolution, they have established multi-stage and different types of metamorphic and dynamic models of Lhasa terrane, and put forward a new understanding of the "arc root" of the Andean orogenic belt generated by Gangdise bedrock and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the middle and lower crust, which has attracted the attention of geologists at home and abroad (Figure 29).
Fig. 29 Paleocene structural model map of southeast Gangdise island arc
5. New progress in local melting and dynamics of Himalayan orogenic belt.
Zeng Lingsen's team is the youngest team in the Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Laboratory, but it shows positive energy that cannot be ignored. Dr. Zeng Lingsen graduated from California Institute of Technology. In the past 10 years, he devoted himself to the study of light-colored granite and local melting dynamics in Himalayan orogenic belt, accumulated a lot of original data and achieved many innovative results.
6. Research results of convergence between central orogenic belt and north-south plate.
Researchers Zhang Zeming and Zhang Jianxin are in charge of the new round of geological survey project of the Central Orogenic Belt, and the project leaders are Zhang Zeming, Zhang Jianxin, Xu Zhiqin, Wu Cailai, Meng Fancong and Yan Yan. It is found that there are many large-scale ductile shear zones between the basement and the caprock in South Qinling, and there is widespread meso-Neoproterozoic magmatism in Wudang Group in South Qinling. The P-T-t trajectory of the metamorphic evolution of the surrounding rocks of Dabie-Sulu eclogite was established, and the Late Triassic (2 19 ~ 2 15 Ma) and the Late Jurassic (156 ~15/kloc-0) were found in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt. The metamorphic types and chronological framework of the western part of the central orogenic belt in the early Paleozoic are established, and it is clear that Qilian experienced multi-stage metamorphism related to accretion and collision orogeny in the early Paleozoic (Figure 30, Figure 3 1).
Fig. 30 P-T trajectory of mantle peridotite metamorphism in Sulu orogenic belt
Fig. 3 1 crust-mantle interaction model of Sulu ultrahigh pressure orogenic belt
It is preliminarily determined that the clastic materials deposited by Silurian flysch in the northern Qilian orogenic belt mainly come from the southern Qilian block and the island arc magmatism in the early Paleozoic.
7. Wenchuan earthquake scientific drilling and Longmenshan structural reconstruction in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The data of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling and seismic reflection profile across Longmen Mountain reveal that the deep structure of Longmen Mountain is composed of a series of low-angle thrust detachment structural slices, which proves that Longmen Mountain has no roots. Wenchuan earthquake fault is a NW-trending transition zone with steep dip and compression. It cuts and reconstructs the shallow Mesozoic superimposed thrust sheet and merges it into a detachment zone with a depth of 18km. The thin-skinned fault detachment structure developed under the Mesozoic thin-skinned fold thrust belt can better explain the Cenozoic uplift of Longmen Mountain. Contrary to the viewpoint of "tunnel flow in the lower crust", the detachment structure of basement and caprock is the key to dominate the deep structure and surface tectonic system of Longmen Mountain and its adjacent area, which proves that the shortening of crustal level is the main mechanism of the uplift of Longmen Mountain, and disagrees with the viewpoint of tunnel flow in the lower crust on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
8. Deep exploration experiment of crust and upper mantle
Supported by the Sinoprobe-02 project, the National Natural Science Foundation project, the Land and Resources Industry Fund project and the geological survey project, the lithospheric geophysical exploration team of the State Key Laboratory of Continental Structure and Dynamics, led by Gao Rui, completed the 6450km deep seismic reflection detection and processing profile by August, 1965 at 438+03. Through international and domestic cooperation, and the workload exceeds the sum of the first 50 years in China. The work level of deep seismic reflection profiling in China has been more than doubled, with the total amount exceeding 654.38+00000 km, stepping into the ranks of exploration powers in deep seismic reflection profiling, and completing the wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profile of 3 100km. 2,500 km broadband seismic observation was completed in the hinterland of Qiangtang, northeast and southeast coast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the northern edge of North China. The magnetotelluric sounding profile spans the northeast of China 1500km.
9. Development and application of non-traditional stable isotope tracer system?
Isotope technology is an important means to trace the source and evolution of matter. Team Zhu built and improved this theme around the isotope tracer system, and established a high-precision measurement method for isotopes such as titanium, molybdenum, magnesium and iron. A high-precision determination method of titanium isotope was established for the first time in China, including chemical purification method of titanium in geological samples and mass spectrometry method of titanium isotope. A high-precision determination method of molybdenum isotope was established for the first time in China, a chemical purification method of molybdenum in geological samples and a mass spectrometry analysis method of molybdenum isotope were established, and other related isotope testing technologies were improved.