Tasks and services
INTELSAT was first established by 1 1 countries in 1964, forming a global commercial communication satellite system, providing a wider range of telecommunications services to all countries without discrimination. In 1973, the members of Intelsat adopted a permanent agreement to replace the temporary arrangement, and decided to concentrate resources to realize many political, economic and operational benefits that the Intelsat system can bring. The mission of INTELSAT has continued to this day, that is, to provide a wider range of telecommunications services to all regions of the world without discrimination, so as to enhance world peace and understanding.
Intelsat is the first organization to provide a series of telecommunication services through satellite coverage and global communication. Its global satellite system provides telephone, television and data transmission services to hundreds of millions of people on five continents.
Today, Intelsat owns and operates a global satellite system, which provides two services to users in more than 200 countries, regions and affiliated places on five continents. These service categories are voice/data and images. Voice/data services include: public switched telephone network (intermediate data rate, internet, time division multiple access, demand distribution multiple access) and private network services (telecommunications satellite organization service, very small earth station service and private point-to-point and multipoint network service). Image services include broadcasting, satellite news gathering, special event services, home live broadcast and telemedicine/distance education.
When the overseas submarine optical cable is interrupted, the resources of Intelsat are also used to restore cable service. These services include the repair of single, multiple and secondary cables and the repair of cable lines.
In addition, Intelsat also provides launch support services designed by customers to external customers. Launch support services designed according to customers' requirements include transfer orbit support services, command services, telemetry and beacon signal strength, trajectory and ranging services, voice and data communication between customer mission control center and Intelsat satellite control center, and flight dynamics support services.
All member countries of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) can join as members. All countries (members and non-members) can use the communication satellite organization system. Member States/owners invest in the system according to their relative usage, and get a return on investment. All users of Intelsat services must pay the usage fee. The fee varies according to the type, quantity and length of service. In this way, Intelsat distributes its capabilities to users, who then provide the services of Intelsat to the end users in their service areas. Some countries choose to authorize more than one organization to provide the services of Intelsat in their countries.
In addition to the modern communication advantages provided by the Telecommunications Satellite Organization system, member States also enjoy related rights and benefits, including the right to attend all meetings and conferences of Telecommunications Satellite Organization and participate in the decision-making process of Telecommunications Satellite Organization; Have the right to obtain the documents of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization; Access to the assistance and training programmes of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; Consult the international technicians of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization. ITU and its departments (radio communication, telecommunication standardization and telecommunication development), the International Organization for Standardization, the European Institute of Telecommunications Standards and other member countries can use this knowledge to solve technical, operational, financial, planning and service development problems, and transfer technology through the research and development activities of Telecommunications Satellite Organization.
structure
The structure of Intelsat is that the principle of commercial action is equivalent to the principle of international cooperation. Intelsat has a dual framework, which is applicable to government and telecommunications entities respectively. This framework consists of two independent but interrelated agreements: the Telecommunications Satellite Organization agreement concluded by the government, which stipulates the general principles; The operating agreement is signed by the government or its designated telecommunications entity, which stipulates more detailed technical, operational and financial standards.
Each member country participates in the management of Intelsat through its three decision-making bodies: the Assembly of States Parties and the Council of Signatories. Most decisions of the member States of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization are made by consensus.
The Conference of the Parties is composed of representatives of all the governments that have signed the Telecommunications Satellite Organization Agreement, and generally meets every two years to consider the overall policies and long-term goals of the organization. The meeting of signatories consists of representatives of all signatories to the operating agreement (member governments or their designated telecommunications entities), and meets once a year to consider the financial, technical and operational issues of the satellite communication system. The board of directors of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization is composed of representatives of signatory countries, and its individual or collective investment share reaches the minimum share standard of board members determined by the meeting of signatory countries every year. The Council meets every three months to make decisions on matters related to the design, development, construction, establishment, operation and maintenance of the space segment of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization and other operational matters. The Council is assisted by the Technical Advisory Committee, the Planning Advisory Committee, the Budget and Finance Committee and the Audit Committee.
The daily management and actions of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization are in the charge of the management department of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization, which consists of more than 600 staff members from more than 90 countries and is led by the Director-General and the Chief Executive. The management of Intelsat is responsible to the Council.
(c) a space segment and a ground segment
Spatial fragment
Intelsat has a group of high-power spacecraft with more than 20 advanced technologies in geostationary orbit, which are deployed in four overlapping service areas: Atlantic region, Indian Ocean region, Asia-Pacific region and Pacific region. Spacecraft of Intelsat include: Intelsat /V-S satellite; LNTELSAT VI satellite; INTELSAT VII/VII-A and INTELSAT VIII satellites. In addition, INTELSAT also has an INTELSAT K full Ku-band satellite in operation. 1998 will launch two INTELSAT VIII satellites.
Mian section of Erdi
The ground station of satellite communication system is an important link connecting the global communication services of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Ground stations are owned and operated by government entities or other entities and enterprises in different countries. The technical and operational standards of ground stations formulated by INTELSAT must be observed by all users of INTELSAT.
The different types of ground stations are as follows:
(a) Standards A, B and C are used for all services of INTELSAT: voice/data and image services. The antenna diameters are15-19m,10-13m,114m respectively.
(b) Low-density telephone service standards D 1 and D2 for video calling satellite service, and the diameter of the antenna used is 4.5-11m;
(c) Standards E 1, E2, E3, F 1 and F2 are used for commercial services and intermediate data rate services of communication satellite organizations, and the antenna diameters are 3.5-4.5m, 5.5-7m, 8- 10m, 4.5-5m and 7-8m respectively. Due to operational limitations, the ground stations of standards E 1 and F 1 will only be used for medium data rate carriers in limited cases;
(d) The standard F3 is used for international voice and data communication, including commercial services and intermediate data rate services of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, with an antenna diameter of 9- 10 m;
(e) Standard G is used for international and domestic rental services, using various antenna sizes;
(f)H2, H3 and H4 standards are used to distribute multiple access and commercial services of VSAT on demand, and the antenna diameters are1.8m, 2.4m and 4.7m respectively;
(g) Standards K2 and K3 are used for commercial services of very small earth stations, and the antenna diameters are1.2m and1.8m respectively;
(h) Standards A, B, D 1, D2, F 1, F2, F3, G, H2, H3 and H4 use the 6/4 GHz frequency band. Standard C uses14/1GHz band, and standards E 1, E2, E3, G, K2 and K3 simultaneously use 14/ 12 GHz band.
(d) supporting telecommunications development
Intelsat provides special programs to provide experience and training in the operation and management of satellite communication systems. The beneficiaries of the program are individuals, sponsors and telecommunications satellite organizations.
The trustee program of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) was established to give the technical personnel nominated by the signatory organizations the opportunity to gain experience at the headquarters of INTELSAT and understand the management of the INTELSAT system from different angles. The Young Professionals Program helps professionals who have just started their careers to gain valuable experience in a multicultural business environment. The internship program of Intelsat aims to provide undergraduate and graduate students with opportunities to gain practical work experience in different departments of the organization.
The welfare program of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization provides comprehensive technical, operational and financial assistance to the users of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, which is provided free of charge according to the level of assistance required. These programs include the assistance and development program of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, the training program of the signatory countries of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization and the digital equipment loan program. According to the first two programs, signatories and users can get technical and operational assistance and training related to the use of the Intelsat system. According to the digital equipment loan scheme of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, signatory countries can borrow money to purchase digital equipment for the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization system.
In addition to the above-mentioned assistance programs, the project access program (a program opened by Intelsat 1977) encourages the use of satellite technology to promote development projects, and provides users who have made business and financial plans for daily business services with the opportunity to use the capacity of the Intelsat space segment free of charge to show health care, education or closely related social services. The project access scheme aims to help areas with limited communication conditions or areas where new communication conditions can be developed.
facilities
Headquartered in Washington, D.C., Intelsat has regional service centers in Singapore, Mumbai, India and London. In addition, Intelsat has accredited spacecraft programme offices in California and East Windsor, France, Toulouse and Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Intelsat has six telemetry, tracking, command and monitoring stations around the world to monitor satellites in orbit, check their flight attitude and continuously transmit important information about their operation. The monitoring stations are located in Perth, Australia, Beijing, Restin, Germany, Forzino, Fort Clarkes and Pomelo in the United States. These monitoring stations provide advanced telemetry, tracking, command and monitoring network capabilities, simplify operating procedures and reduce operating costs.
2. Activities
(a) past activities
1. Policy
The future prospect of Intelsat reflects the joint efforts of its contracting parties and certification bodies. These efforts are reflected in the deliberations and decisions of the Assembly of States Parties, the Conference of Defendants and the Council, as well as in the implementation of these decisions by the management of INTELSAT. Over the years, the member States of INTELSAT have considered various issues and taken actions on them to ensure that the future prospects of INTELSAT reflect the new competitive reality and successful competitive strategy.
In order to adapt to the changing telecommunications environment, the decision-making organs of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization discussed key issues related to the future and structure of the organization, and formulated and implemented effective strategic plans to guide the organization's reform process. Intelsat has changed the basic design principles of its spacecraft, adopted a new financing method for its satellite procurement, changed its communication arrangements to adapt to the different rules and regulations of its responding countries, and cancelled the coordination requirement of Article 14(d) for those member countries wishing to use a separate system for public switched communication network services. 1In April 1997, the Conference of the Parties made an important decision on the future of Intelsat. These decisions include the establishment of a commercial subsidiary to provide images and new services under favorable competitive conditions. Before the establishment of this commercial subsidiary, some outstanding problems are still being solved. 1after the special meeting of the state party in March 1998, the final text will be submitted according to the decision of the final reform proposal.
Contribution of system, service and development
In the past 30 years, significant changes have taken place in the energy and satellite life of the satellite system of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, enabling the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization to continuously provide new and broader service capabilities according to market demand. At present, new methods of spacecraft design are being explored to meet the growing demand for space telecommunications services.
Nowadays, the powerful multifunctional satellites of Intelsat, such as INTELSAT VII/VII-A and INTELSAT VIII/VIII-A, have further expanded their coverage, further improved their redundancy and reliability, and improved their signal performance. The communication capacity of INTTELSAT VII satellite can transmit 65,438+08,000 telephone channels (90,000 channels with digital line multipliers) and 3 TV channels at the same time, and the VII-A enhanced satellite can transmit 22,500 telephone communications (65,438+065,438+02,500 channels with digital line multipliers). The service life of INTELSAT VII/VII-A satellite is 10- 15 years, and the coverage capacity of the satellite can be reconfigured immediately according to the different communication conditions and service requirements of each sea area and the changing orbit. These satellites are also compatible with very small ground stations, providing further enhanced C-band and Ku-band capabilities.
INTELSAT VIII/VIII-A satellite can transmit 22,500 two-way telephone communications and three TV channels at the same time (using digital line multiplication equipment, it can reach112,500 telephone communications). The service life of these satellites is 14- 18 years, and its performance includes six times frequency reuse of C-band, twice frequency reuse of expanded C-band capacity and the maximum terrestrial C-band power that the Intelsat satellite has never reached. The functions of INTELSAT VIII satellite include: interconnection between two independently adjustable Ku bands; The beam can be connected to provide a wider range of satellite news gathering services, including a Ku-band portable satellite news gathering station loop for voice/data communication.
INTELSAT VIII-A satellite, also known as "Continental" satellite, will provide more communication channels and greater flexibility for regional and international applications by using orbital stations over the mainland.
Since 1965 started the commercial communication satellite service, the services provided by the Telecommunications Satellite Organization have been continuously strengthened and improved to meet the competitive challenges brought by the market. The redefinition of voice and data services by INTELSAT promotes the introduction of new flexible services, such as fine path on-demand multiple access (ADAM), low-cost time division multiple access, new VSAT services for Internet and other data network applications, and Internet product series. In addition, new image services are provided, two of which offer discounts according to frequency usage (continuous service and cyclic service), and one takes advantage of the leading role of Telecommunications Satellite Organization in digital compression technology (digital C-band satellite news gathering).
Intelsat continues to streamline its procedures and strengthen its regional offices to achieve its goals. At 1996, the Telecommunications Satellite Organization opened a customer service center, which is a contact point dedicated to providing service reservations and answering customer inquiries. In the same year, Intelsat established regional service centers in India (Mumbai), Europe (London) and Asia-Pacific region (Singapore), thus narrowing the distance with signatory countries and customers in key regions around the world. 65438-0997 In order to better serve the African region, the Telecommunications Satellite Organization and the African Regional Satellite Communication Organization have established a joint plan to promote telecommunications services in Africa.
1996, an important achievement of the INTELSAT beneficiary program is the establishment of a regional training and internship center in Lomé. The center is jointly managed by the African Regional Satellite Communication Organization, the Economic Community of West African States and ITU, and will be used to provide practical training on satellites and other telecommunications equipment for engineers and technicians from Africa and other countries.
1997 10, INTELSAT broadcasts Telefood (Television Seminar on Food Issues) to the whole world free of charge through its project access program, which is the first marathon TV program organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the world, aiming at raising people's awareness, encouraging global solidarity, * * * fighting hunger, and providing information to governments and enterprises. More than 70 broadcasting companies in more than 60 countries around the world are integrated, and the free communication service of Telecommunications Satellite Organization enables countries with serious food shortages to join in the production of programs. During the period of 1996, some organizations applied the project access plan, such as the World Bank for the African Open University project and the International Telecommunication and Telephone Company (the Japanese signatory of the Telecommunications Satellite Organization) for scientific experiments.
Current activities
Intelsat continues to concentrate its resources on marketing and customer service, develop new spacecraft assets, cooperate with other institutions to develop telecommunications, and carry out the process of structural reform. The goal of TELSAT is to adhere to its mission and basic principles-universal service and equal pricing, while achieving quality service and customer satisfaction in the ever-changing global market.
In order to meet the increasing demand of customers, Intelsat LX and K-TV have won two new spacecraft contracts. Two sets of INTELSAT LX spacecraft are being purchased for the Indian Ocean region to replace the INTELSAT VI satellite and meet the growing demand of INTELSAT customers in the Asia-Pacific region. These two new spacecraft will have 44 C-band transponders and 65,438+02 Ku-band transponders, with an orbital service life of 65,438+03-65,438+05 years and a capacity of 32,000 telephones, or 65,438+060,000 telephones with digital line multiplier equipment, making it the most built. Two other INTELSAT LX spacecraft with Atlantic configuration and another hemisphere/regional transmission array in the Indian Ocean region are being purchased to ensure the continuity of services to these regions. The first INTELSAT LX satellite is planned to be launched in 2000 and will be deployed in the Indian Ocean.
K-TV is a new type of INTELSAT satellite with high power image capability, which will enhance the ability of Telecommunications Satellite Organization to provide the latest image dissemination and distribution service applications (such as home live broadcast and other very small earth station image products). K-TV satellite was put into use at the beginning of 1999, and will have 30 Ku-band transponders, which can simultaneously broadcast 2 10 TV programs.
At present, the service and development activities of Intelsat involve commercial products that can be provided in several key service areas, such as Internet, Ku-band and Ka-band multimedia services, home direct broadcasting, broadband services (such as air traffic management and time division multiple access) and rural telephone systems that combine radio and VSAT technologies. Intelsat is also making efforts to strengthen its existing services, so that signatory countries can expand their service scope or customer base, for example, by using terrestrial network technology and home live broadcast and video distribution system to expand the Internet services provided by Intelsat, and expand the commercial services of Intelsat to the reception range of VSAT antennas.
(c) Future activities
In fulfilling its mission, Intelsat will continue to play a role in narrowing the telecommunications gap between developed and developing countries. Satellites will inevitably play an increasingly important role in global communication and global infrastructure development. In the developing world, the most difficult task of Telecommunications Satellite Organization will continue into the next century, that is, to provide voice and data services that are available and affordable everywhere, as well as a reliable backbone communication network to communicate with the developed world.
The future service development and technical scheme of Intelsat will continue to take into account the changing technology and market development in the following service or technical fields; Internet service, video, personal communication service, Ka-band multimedia service and voice and data service of public switched communication network. The new satellites being purchased will expand the scope of the current system structure, add new flexibility to the global network, and provide new spacecraft options to expand the services provided by the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization in the next few years, while ensuring the continued provision of core commercial services.
3. International cooperation
According to Article 2 1(c) of the Intelsat Agreement, the Director-General of Intelsat submits an annual report on the activities of Intelsat to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and other relevant specialized agencies. Intelsat also participates in and contributes to meetings of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and supports the United Nations Programme on Space Applications.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
According to the provisions of Article 13 of its operating agreement and the relevant regulations of ITU, and taking due account of the relevant suggestions and procedures of various departments of ITU on standardization of radio communication and telecommunications, Intelsat is responsible for the design, development, manufacture and operation of the Intelsat system.
In addition, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization also cooperates with ITU to carry out activities of common concern, especially in telecommunications development. Intelsat participated in various international and regional conferences and forums of ITU (World Radiocommunication Conference, World Telecommunication Policy Forum, World Telecommunication Standardization Conference, World and Regional Telecommunication Development Conference and various telecommunication conferences). Intelsat has made positive contributions to the relevant research groups of ITU's radio communication, telecommunications standardization and telecommunications development departments, and participated in the radio advisory group, telecommunications standardization advisory group and telecommunications development advisory Council.
Intelsat signed a memorandum of understanding to implement global mobile personal satellite communications, including power arrangements for regional systems. As the name implies, the global mobile personal satellite communication system includes any satellite system, that is, fixed or mobile, broadband or narrowband, global or regional, geostationary or non-geostationary orbit, existing or planned, which directly provides telecommunications services to end users from satellite constellations. A satellite constellation can include one or more satellites as a whole system, whether they are geostationary orbit satellites or non-geostationary orbit satellites. The Memorandum of Understanding on Global Mobile Personal Satellite Communication came into being at the first ITU World Telecommunication Policy Forum held in June 1996+0 1. Although the memorandum of understanding is not binding, it can promote the free circulation of global mobile personal satellite communication equipment among signatory countries. The signatories of the memorandum of understanding include administrative authorities of various countries, members of various departments of ITU, operators of global mobile personal satellite communication systems, global mobile personal satellite communication service providers and global mobile personal satellite communication terminal equipment manufacturers.
European Institute of Telecommunications Standards
From 65438 to 0994, Intelsat became an associate member of the European Telecommunications Standards Association. Intelsat participated in the activities of the European Institute of Telecommunications Standards, especially the working group of satellite earth stations.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Since 1998, INTELSAT has been paying close attention to and participating in the activities of the two subcommittees of the Joint Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization 1. These two sub-committees are the 6th sub-committee responsible for information technology standardization (1-4 layer protocol) and the 2nd1sub-committee responsible for open system interconnection, data management and open distributed processing standards (5-7 layer protocol, service and system architecture). Not long ago, 2 1 Subcommittee was dissolved and its work was handed over to Subcommittee 32 (data management service) and Subcommittee 33 (distributed application service).
The Internet Engineering Task Force
The Telecommunications Satellite Organization participated in the work of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IEG), and its parent organization was the Internet Society. The Internet Engineering Group is responsible for formulating Internet protocols and promoting the technology transfer of the Internet Research Task Force (Internet Research Group).
68 1. Intelsat has established formal and informal relations with other international and regional organizations. These organizations include: the International Maritime Organization; Arapat satellite communication organization; Arapat telecommunication union; Asia-Pacific Telecommunications Agency; Caribbean Telecommunication Union; China-Africa Customs and Economic Union; Commonwealth Satellite Telecommunications Organization; Economic homogeneity of West African countries; European conference on postal and telecommunications management; EUTELSAT; European Telecommunications Satellite Organization; EUTELSAT; European Telecommunications Satellite Organization; American Spanish Critics Research Center and Telecommunications Company Association; Inter-American Telecommunications Commission; Intergovernmental Bureau of Information Science; International Mobile Satellite Organization; Taiping Telecommunications Council; Pan-African Telecommunication Union; International Cosmic Communication Organization; Association in the field of regional communication; South Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization; Central American Telecommunications Technical Committee; African Postal and Telecommunication Union;
4. Publications and databases
Intelsat publishes various publicity materials about its activities, products and services, as well as technical information about its satellite system, including annual reports in the three official languages of Intelsat (English, French and Spanish). This information can also be found on the home page of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization.
The bodies and advisory committees of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization distribute official documents in the official languages to all members of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization.
5. Contact point
External assistant vice president
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
3400 Northwest International Avenue
Washington D.C., United States of America, 2008-3098
Tel:+(1(202) 944-7011
Fax:+(1) (202) 944-7661and (1)(202)944-7890.