(materia medica)
Different names of fennel (on medicinal properties), fennel (Qianjinfang), fennel (Materia Medica), fennel (Materia Medica by Lv Yanyan), fennel (Shiqi Zhu's Experience Medicine Prescription), fennel, fennel (modern practical Chinese medicine) and fennel.
The source is the fruit of fennel.
Plant form fennel
A fragrant perennial herb. The stem is upright, cylindrical, with a height of 0.5 ~ 1.5 m, the upper part is branched, gray-green, and the surface has fine longitudinal stripes. Cauline leaves alternate, petiole 3.5 ~ 4.5 cm long, gradually shortened from bottom to top, sheath-like near the base, wide and holding the stem, with membranous wavy narrow wings at the edge; The leaves pinnately divide 3-4 times, and finally the lobes are linear to filiform. Compound umbels are terminal, with a diameter of 3 ~ 12 cm, 5 ~ 20 or more branches and a length of 2 ~ 5 cm. Each umbel has 5 ~ 30 flowers, and the petiole is slender and 4 ~ 10 mm long. No involucre and small involucre; Flowers small, without calyx; Five petals, golden yellow, wide oval, about 65438 0.5 mm long and 65438 0 mm wide, curled inward above the middle and slightly concave at the top; Stamens 5, anthers ovate, 2-loculed, filaments filiform, protruding from petals; Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-loculed, style 2, extremely short, lobed. Double hanging fruit, oval, 5 ~ 8 mm long and about 2 mm wide, yellow-green in appearance, with tawny column base at the top, oval fruit, five raised longitudinal shuttles, 1 oil pipe in each ditch, and two oil pipes on the joint surface. The flowering period is from June to September. The fruiting period is 10 month.
Widely cultivated in all parts of China.
The roots (fennel roots) and stems and leaves (fennel stems and leaves) of this plant also have the function of medicine, and each of them has a special article to introduce in detail.
Harvest the fruits in September-65438+10, cut the whole plant, air-dry, tile the fruits, remove impurities and air-dry.
The dried fruit of medicinal materials is small cylindrical, slightly pointed at both ends, 5 ~ 8 mm long and about 2 mm wide. The base sometimes has a small fruit stalk, and the top remains yellowish brown at the base of the style. Appearance is yellow-green. The schizocarp is oblong, with five edges and a pentagonal cross section. The four sides of the back are almost the same length, and the articular surface is flat. There are 1 seed in the mericarp, and the cross section is slightly kidney-shaped. The smell is fragrant, the taste is sweet and slightly spicy. The granules are uniform, full, yellow-green, and sweet.
Location: Shanxi, Gansu, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. In addition, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi are also produced.
The shape of dill seed is very similar to this product. In some areas such as Gansu and Guangxi, dill seed is used as fennel. The compendium is also called dill seed alias fennel, which shows that dill seed has been used as fennel for a long time. However, the names of the two should not be confused. The main differences of their medicinal materials are as follows: dill seeds are small and round, the mericarps are oval and flat, 3 ~ 4 mm long and 2 ~ 3 mm in diameter; The four sides on the back of the cross section are unequal in length and extend into wings. The taste is very light. See the article "Dill Seeds".
Chemical components The fruit contains about 3-6% volatile oil, and the main components are anisole 50-60% and anisone 18-20%. It also contains α-pinene, α-phellandrene, camphene, dipentene, anisaldehyde, anisic acid and wormwood. It also contains cis anisole and p-cymene.
In addition, the fatty oil is about 18%, and its fatty acid composition is 60% coriander acid, 22% oleic acid, 14% linoleic acid and 4% palmitic acid. It also contains wax, stigmasterol, 7- hydroxycoumarin and so on. It is made of alcohol greater than C 18 and palmitic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid.
The fruit of fennel contains 60% anisole and 30% anisone. However, sweet fennel contains anisole 80% and anisole 10%. Some fennel does not contain anisole, but it contains wormwood.
Pharmacological action Foeniculum vulgare oil can be used as an anti-wind agent to exhaust gas and relieve pain during abdominal distension. It can reduce the tension of the stomach, stimulate the stomach, normalize its peristalsis and shorten the emptying time. For the intestine, it enhances tension and peristalsis, thus promoting the discharge of gas. Sometimes peristalsis decreases after excitement, which helps to relieve spasm and pain. This effect can be cancelled by local drugs, so it may be a nerve reflex. It also has certain antibacterial effect, and anisole may be an effective antibacterial component. Anisaldehyde has no anti-tuberculosis effect on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs, but it can slightly enhance the curative effect of a small amount of streptomycin. Anione is an isomer of camphor, so it has some local stimulating effects similar to camphor.
Processing fennel: remove dust, fruit stalks and impurities. Salted fennel: Take clean fennel, stir-fry with slow fire until the surface is dark yellow and has a burnt smell, spray it with salt water while it is hot, and bake it dry. One method: mix fennel with salt water, slightly stuffy, stir-fry in a pot with slow fire until slightly yellow, and take it out to dry. (Each fennel 100 kg, use 3 kg of salt and add appropriate amount of boiling water for clarification. )
Sexual taste is pungent and warm.
① Theory of medicinal properties: "Bitter and bitter."
② Tang dynasty herbs: "pungent, flat and non-toxic."
(3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "It tastes Xin Ping, sweet and non-toxic."
④ Jiangxi herbs: "Warm in nature and pungent in taste."
Meridian enters kidney, bladder and stomach.
(1) The skill of decoction: "Start with the meridians with insufficient yin and yang."
② Description of the nature of drugs processed by Lei Gong: "Entering the heart, spleen and bladder meridian."
(3) Herbal Shu Shu: "The meridian of entering foot, big yin, Yangming, sun and small yin."
Function is mainly used to warm kidney and dispel cold, regulate stomach and regulate qi. Treat cold hernia, abdominal cold pain, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, stomachache, vomiting, and wet and dry beriberi.
(1) Qianjin Diet Prescription: "If the main snake bites the sore for a long time, pound it. He also treated nine kinds of fistulas. "
② Materia Medica of Tang Dynasty: "Main fistula, cholera and snake injury."
③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Main bladder meridian, kidney air conditioning and cecal qi, regulating middle energizer, relieving pain and stopping vomiting."
④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat dry and wet beriberi with renal strain hernia, appetizing and eating ('eating' means' qi'), and treating bladder pain and vaginal pain."
⑤ Gaoli: "The door of life is insufficient."
⑥ Summary of typhoid fever: "Warming Dantian."
⑦ "Layu Yaojie": "Treat wet and cold water and soil, lumbago and beriberi, and treat cold hernia."
⑧ "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": "Deficiency of liver meridian is used by those who punch their faces in the left."
Pet-name ruby "Interest-bearing Diet Spectrum": "Killing insects and filth makes fish stink and stagnate all kinds of poisons."
Attending Syndrome Differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine: "Treating chronic bronchitis."
⑾ Jilin Chinese herbal medicine: "Dispelling cold and relieving pain. Treat hernia, kidney cold, minor abdominal pain, stomach pain, low back pain and enuresis. "
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 3 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding, dressing or frying.
Yin deficiency and excessive fire should be avoided.
(1) Classic of Materia Medica: "The stomach and kidney are full of fire, and the yang meridians are enumerated. If you feel hot, you will vomit. Don't take it. "
(2) "Depei Materia Medica": "Lung and stomach heat and heat toxin are prohibited."
Folk prescription 1: Treating intestinal gas pain can't be a ninja: one or two almonds, half two scallions (mashed and roasted), and one or two fennel. The top is the bottom. Three yuan each time, hollow warm walnut wine. ("Continued Technology")
Divide the star anise and litchi seed (fried black) equally. At the end of the study. For every dollar you take, warm wine is mixed once. ("Sun Liangfang")
② Treatment of abdominal pain due to intestinal qi: Fennel and Zanthoxylum bungeanum are equally divided. The top is the bottom, and the wine paste pill is as big as a abital. Take 50 capsules each time and warm wine on an empty stomach. ("Sanyinfang" fennel pill)
③ Treatment of cold colic: Fructus Toosendan, San Qian, Fennel and Evodia rutaecarpa (soaked in water) are decocted with running water. (Guide Qi Decoction in the Collection of Medical Prescriptions)
④ Treating hernia into the kidney: stir-fry two packets of fennel and change it to iron. ("purely unilateral")
5 Treating kidney deficiency and low back pain, unable to turn sideways, easy to be weak: fennel (fried). Break pig kidney, make it into thin slices, mix powder layer by layer, wrap it in water and paper, simmer, chew it carefully and swallow it with wine. (Key points of syndrome differentiation and treatment)
⑥ Treatment of hypochondriac pain: one or two fennel (fried) and five money of bitter orange (fried with bran). The top is the bottom. Two yuan each time, salt soup adjustment. (pocket square towel)
⑦ Treatment of stomachache and abdominal pain: Foeniculum vulgare, Alpinia officinarum and Linderae are two yuan each, and Cyperus rotundus and San Qian are fried. Decoct with water. (Jiangxi herbs)
⑧ Cure excessive urination and drinking: Do not wash fennel in small amount, add less salt, stir-fry until the end, use pure glutinous rice as the first hand, stir-fry until it is soft and cooked in bed, dip fennel powder, and take it with warm wine. (Puji Fang)
Pet-name ruby cure enuresis: fennel is two dollars, no more, no less than five dollars. Placing into pig urine cells, baking, and grinding. One yuan each time, twice a day. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)
Attending testicular swelling's treatment: Fennel and Xanthium each San Qian. Decoct with water twice a day. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)
⑾ Treating typhoid fever with yang deficiency and urinary obstruction: Fennel powder and ginger are naturally squeezed and applied to the abdomen; Fennel powder for external use is taken in Yiyuan powder. (Picking Fiona Fang)
⑿ Long-term treatment of snake bites: Fennel is mashed and applied. (Qian Jinfang)
[13] Closed defecation, abdominal distension and shortness of breath. Grind seven pieces of star anise and half a piece of hemp into powder, add three to seven pieces of raw scallion, grind into decoction, and mix with Wuling powder before taking. Take it once a day.
Clinical application ① Treatment of incarcerated small intestinal hernia
Fennel 3 ~ 5 yuan (children should reduce it as appropriate). Make soup with boiling water and take it with hot meals. If 15 ~ 30 minutes later still doesn't work, take the same amount of 1 time. Or adults 1 ~ 2 yuan, children take it with boiling water for about 5 minutes, and then take the same amount of 1 time after the interval of 10 minutes. Lie on your back for 40 minutes after taking the medicine, with your lower limbs together and your knees half bent. Generally, you can see that the content of incarceration resets itself in about half an hour, and the pain disappears. If the incarceration is still not relieved after 1 hour, immediate surgical treatment should be considered. Twenty-six patients were treated for 2 hours to 3 days, 22 cases were cured and 4 cases were ineffective (including 3 cases of incarcerated omentum and intestinal wall necrosis 1 case). According to clinical observation, the shorter the onset time, the better the effect. If the incarceration time is long, necrosis and perforation may occur, so it is not suitable for easy application; If the greater omentum is incarcerated, surgical treatment must be considered.
② Treatment of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis and scrotal elephantiasis.
Stir-fry this product with 5 yuan and salt 1.5 yuan and grind it into fine powder. Add 1 ~ 2 green shell duck eggs, fry them together, and serve them with warm rice wine before going to bed. Take it for four days as a course of treatment, with an interval of 2-5 days, and then take the second course of treatment. You can continue to take several classes if necessary. 64 cases of hydrocele were treated with 1 ~ 6 courses, 59 cases were cured, 4 cases were improved 1 case, and 4 cases were ineffective. Most patients with scrotal elephantiasis have to go through four courses of treatment to get effective; Except the scrotum is as hard as a stone and ineffective, the general curative effect is good and there is no adverse reaction.
Famous experts discussed (1) Yan Hui of Materia Medica: "Fragrant fragrance is a medicine for warming middle warmer and benefiting qi. Fang Longtan said that this medicine is pungent and fragrant. Tang Herbal Medicine is good at controlling all kinds of qi, such as chills, sudden pain in the heart, nausea and vomiting, lumbago, kidney deficiency, cold and wet beriberi, abdominal string qi, bladder moisture, vaginal hernia, yin sweating and dampness, cold in the yin, wet swelling in the yin, and qi stagnation in the yin. Warming the middle and dispelling cold and promoting qi are also the main products of less abdomen and less yin. " If the stomach and kidney are full of fire, it will cause vomiting and pain, and the wet dream will be smooth and slippery, so it should be used with caution. "
② Materia Medica: "According to the indications of fennel, it shows that hernia belongs to damp heat, but it is not suitable for use. But from the hernia, it is because of the depression of cold water. But the gasification is not clear, but wet, from wet to hot. It's hernia at first, but it's appropriate to use it after it's cured. When dampness does not turn into heat, it should be taken into account, but heat is born of dampness and dampness is disease. As far as adultery is concerned, there is no one who is not cold and depressed because of yang deficiency. That is, it is not due to external factors, but may also be due to kidney-yang deficiency, which leads to the inability of yin to turn evil into depression, and then the liver is sick and thinks it is hernia. Try to take part in the treatment cases of famous doctors Hua Shou and Du Fu, all of them use neem and fennel, and cover them up with hot and humid smell to help them play their roles. Never give up those who can use this warm powder to cause fire in water, and let them enter the bladder cold water channel to take responsibility and role. As for the exclusive lower abdomen, or bladder, if it is not because of hernia, then if it is the heat of the two entrails, you can be cautious. In other words, this smell is cured, such as low back pain, diarrhea and stagnation; What about the various syndromes of abdominal pain caused by fatigue, which also cause fire and water to benefit the kidney? " It is said that all kinds of syndromes have the same taste, but they are not so specialized in treating hernia. It is the most incisive experience to contribute to cold water, which is different from the meaning of aconite in strengthening yang and eliminating dampness, and needs careful investigation. ""generally, the treatment of this taste is to treat wind-cold or deficiency-cold Syndrome of small intestine, bladder and stomach fu-organs will increase if they suffer from heat. "
③ Compendium of Medical Forest: "Fennel supplements the vital gate. If it rises halfway up the mountain and the vital gate is firm, the spleen and stomach can turn into Shui Gu, and the qi and blood will grow and the cold will dissipate." Liver and gallbladder can also move the fire of life, and liver can move qi, so the water is not wet and the wind is inexhaustible. Therefore, its merits are not as good as those of aconite, but its strength will be slightly delayed. "
④ Continuation of classics: Fu Xiangzi was written in the Tang Dynasty, but Qian Jinfang was only used for cholera, not for fistula. The secret recipe of Taitai is useful for fistula, but not for cholera. Because it is written in Rihuazi that it can treat wet and dry beriberi, renal strain hernia, vaginal pain, appetizing and reducing qi, later generations think that it can treat fistula and cholera, and call it wet and dry beriberi, renal strain and vaginal pain, so it is put aside. Its taste is spicy and flat, not stiff and not dry, stretching its inherent yang, opening its barrier gas, and not taking it down. Try to think about beriberi, hernia and vaginal pain. Is there any disease above the kidney? It is said that everyone who suffers from kidney fatigue knows that the kidney is not stretched due to fatigue, and the turbid qi is restrained because the yang is not stretched, so that the clear qi cannot be bypassed. There are two kinds of hernia diseases: cold hernia and prone hernia. Cold hernia wins cold, lying hernia wins qi. Cold hernia is caused by lack of abdomen, while decadent hernia is caused by testis. Therefore, it is said that the kidney is tired of hernia, and it is also known that hernia is not cold but abdominal pain. Those who have an appetite and lower their breath are flat and fragrant, and sweet after spicy taste. What is more obvious is that the fistula can neither rise nor fall, which is integrated with the excessive rise and fall of cholera. Incense can be used to treat it, because incense can stimulate appetite and reduce qi, which can rise and fall to the ear by itself. "