Sows 1.6 months old adopt free feeding, and after 6 months old adopt restricted feeding, and the feed intake is controlled at about 80% of the free feed intake to prevent obesity.
2. Short-term optimal feeding should be carried out 10~ 14 days before breeding. Increasing 25.54 ~ 33.9 1mj/ day (about 1.8~2.39kg corn) on the basis of the original low energy can increase the number of ovulation by 2. 15. (corn 1kg contains 3.39 megacalories = 14. 184 megajoules); (1 Megacard =4. 184 MJ).
(2) Feeding management of multiparous sows before mating (empty pregnant sows)
1. Under normal feeding and management conditions, the fat of sows at weaning is 70% ~ 80%, and they can estrus and mate within 7~ 10 days after weaning. The dietary crude protein level is 13%~ 15%, which can meet the needs of minerals and vitamins at the same time, so as to obtain better mating.
2. For sows with large litter size, high lactation ability and poor prenatal fatness, it is a sign that lactation nutrition has not kept up. Strengthen before breeding to ensure that they can recover to 70% physical condition;
3. Sows should be fed in groups after weaning, with the first lap of 4-6. There should be a playground.
4. Feed formula: corn 65.2 1%, secondary flour 13%, wheat bran 3%, rice 5%, fish meal 1%, bean cake 9%, dicalcium phosphate 1.7%, stone powder 0.8% and salt 0. This formula contains digestible energy of 3.22 megacalories/kg, crude protein 12.82%, calcium 0.75% and total phosphorus 0.6%. Compared with the standard, the digestibility is 0. 1.8 kcal/kg lower.
Attachment: Standard dosage of trace elements and vitamins for pregnant sows: 2 1mg of copper sulfate, 0.24mg of potassium iodate, 4 10mg of ferrous sulfate, 63mg of manganese sulfate, 0.5 1mg of sodium selenite and 230mg of zinc sulfate should be added to each kilogram of feed. Vitamin A 4000IU, vitamin D 200 IU, vitamin E 44 IU, vitamin K 0.5mg, biotin 0.2mg, choline10.25 g, folic acid10.3 mg, nicotinic acid 10mg, pantothenic acid 12mg and vitamin B23.
2. Feeding management of pregnant sows:
▲ Pregnancy is generally "three three three three". That is, three months (30 days per month), three weeks and three days. *** 1 14 days. The range is108-120 days. Because pregnancy is affected by many factors, such as variety, age, health, nutrition and management, such as slipping and squeezing. There are also premature or delayed deliveries 10 days. If the number of days is too long, it may be stillborn.
1. Pre-pregnancy (mating to 2 1 day): Like empty sows, it is necessary to strengthen feeding, so that weaned sows can recover their physical condition as soon as possible, ensure the normal development of embryos and reduce the premature death of embryos. The feed quality must be good, and it is not allowed to feed moldy materials, otherwise it will easily cause embryo death or stop reproduction.
2. The second trimester of pregnancy (265,438+0 ~ 80 days): If forage is insufficient, it is often an important reason for sow abortion, aspiration, stillbirth and fetal weakness; It is recommended to eat 1.8~2.7kg green feed every day, and master it flexibly according to body size, obesity and health. 3. Nutrition should be strengthened in the late pregnancy (from 80 days of pregnancy to 3 days before delivery), which is beneficial to improve the birth weight of piglets. However, in 1 ~ 2 days before labor, the feed should be increased or decreased according to the fatness and breast performance of sows. If you are obese and your breasts are red and swollen, you should use less materials and grass; 4. The research shows that before 90 days of pregnancy, the fetal weight only accounts for 465,438+0.8% of the birth weight, so green feed should be given priority over good feeding; After 90 days to birth, the fetus grows fast, so roughage should be reduced and concentrated feed should be increased according to the fat situation, preferably grazing once a day; Especially primiparous sows, it is best to massage their breasts and brush their bodies for pigs, so as to be compatible with humans and animals, so that they will not be frightened during delivery and can fix their nipples smoothly after delivery. The last 1~2 weeks can increase the feed amount 1~ 1.5kg, which is beneficial to improve birth weight. In short, it is the main sign of good or bad breeding to make pregnant sows neither fat nor thin, fat nor healthy. The weight gain of sows bred for the first time during pregnancy should be controlled at 36~50kg. The multiparous sow itself is not long, and only the placenta and fetus need a net increase of about 25~35kg. Obesity of pregnant sows not only causes waste of feed, but also causes dystocia, loss of appetite after delivery, weakness of piglets after birth, and less lactation. 5. Sows should stop feeding on the day of delivery.
6. Concentrate formula (%): corn 64.5%, rice 14.2%, rice bran 5%, soybean meal 10%, fish meal10.5%, dicalcium phosphate 2. 1%, limestone powder 0.4%.
It can also be divided into pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy with different formulas.
① Pre-pregnancy (weight 90~ 150kg): the digestibility is 2.8 kcal /kg, and the crude protein11%; Formula: corn 32%, barley 10%, sorghum 12%, wheat bran 30%, rice bran 7%, soybean meal 5%, bone meal 2%, iodized salt 0.5% and compound additive 1%.
② Late pregnancy (weight 90~ 150kg): digestibility 2.8 kcal /kg, crude protein12%; Formula: corn 3 1%, wheat bran 24%, rice bran 14%, soybean meal 8%, broken rice 18%, fish meal 2%, bone meal 1.6%, iodized salt 0.4% and compound additive/kloc-0.
Composition of the composite additive: copper sulfate 2 1 mg, ferrous sulfate 4 10 mg, zinc sulfate 230 mg, manganese sulfate 63 mg, potassium iodide 0. 18 mg, sodium selenite 0.5 1 mg and cobalt chloride 0.1mg are added to each kilogram of material. E 44IU vitamin K0.5 μg, biotin 0.2mg, choline10.25 g, folic acid10.3 mg, nicotinic acid 10mg. If the above dosage is less than 1% required in the formula, add some rice bran or other materials to make up and mix well. When mixing, it is best to mix trace elements such as copper and vitamins together. Because trace elements are destructive to vitamins, they are mixed separately. If you can't buy the above raw materials yourself, buy the prepared additives for commercial pigs.
7. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling during pregnancy, especially in the early stage, otherwise the embryo will die easily. Proper exercise. The environment should be quiet and the attitude should be enthusiastic. Say hello before entering the pigsty to prevent the sows from being frightened. Don't randomly group to prevent miscarriage.
8. Observe the diet, defecation and mental state of sows every day to prevent and treat diseases; Special attention should be paid to eliminating parasitic diseases inside and outside the body and preventing them from being transmitted to piglets. 9. Prevention of dystocia:
① The mating age should not be too early: the soil species should not be earlier than 6 months old and the weight should not be less than 70 ~ 80 kg; China bred pigs and their hybrid pigs are about 7 months old and weigh not less than 90 ~100 kg. Imported fine varieties are 7-9 months old and weigh no less than110 ~120kg; Being underweight is prone to dystocia.
② Pregnant sows should not be too obese, and the weight gain of primiparous sows is about 30 ~ 40% of the body weight when mating; About 20~30% of multiparous sows.
③ Pregnant sows should exercise, daily 1 hour, with a journey of 3-4 kilometers. Diagnosis of pregnant sows in childbirth
Look at breasts: as the saying goes, "nipples explode and will soon fall off." During the period from 0/5 to 20 days before delivery/kloc-0, the sow's breast gradually swelled and drooped from back to front, and its base swelled in the abdomen, showing two bands. The breast skin is tight and red, and the nipples on both sides are splayed outward in a figure of eight. About 6 hours before delivery, thick yellow-white milk can be squeezed out. As the saying goes, "milk wears an arrow shaft, and childbirth is not far away." Under normal circumstances, clear milk can be squeezed out 2 ~ 3 days before delivery. Sows may give birth about 24 hours after thick milk appears in the front nipple and 3 ~ 6 hours after thick milk appears in the middle nipple. If you gently squeeze each nipple by hand, you can milk it, or at last 1 when you can milk the breasts, it will be born soon. But there are also some sows that secrete milk after giving birth.
Second, look at the vulva. 3 ~ 5 days before sow labor, vulva begins to swell and droop, and both sides of tail root are sunken, which is a sign of pelvic opening. At the same time, the frequency of excreting feces and urine increased. If the vulva is loose, red and swollen, and there is mucus flowing out, it is a sign of quick delivery. When the vagina oozes thin bloody mucus, it means that the sow has "broken water" and will give birth within 30 minutes, that is, as the saying goes, "The sow urinates frequently and the delivery is coming."
Third, look at the number of breaths. Breathe 54 times per minute 1 day before delivery and 90 times per minute 4 hours before delivery. Fourth, look at behavior. 6 ~ 12 hours before delivery, sows are nervous, often showing fidgeting, nervousness, loss of appetite, walking back and forth in the house, and some are making nests with grass; When there is no grass to pick, he will arch the ground with his mouth, and his front hoof is like a nest. The protective sows become rude, keep people away, and some bite people. Don't approach strangers at this time, and don't change people casually. Strengthen. Feeding management of parturient sows to cure ectoparasites If lice or scabies are found on sows, 2% trichlorfon solution should be sprayed to avoid transmission to piglets after delivery.
Feed change: Sows are gradually fed with the diet during lactation from10 to15 days before delivery to prevent the piglets from indigestion and diarrhea caused by sudden feed change after delivery. If the sow is in a good mood, the breasts are obviously enlarged, the concentrate feed is gradually reduced from 1 week before delivery, and the diet is reduced by half from 1-2 days before delivery; It is also necessary to reduce large-volume feed such as coarse feed and dregs, so as not to oppress the fetus or cause constipation of sows before delivery. However, if the sow has poor fat and shriveled breasts, it should not reduce the feed, but also add protein prolactin feed such as bean cake to prevent the sow from losing milk after delivery.
Stop feeding when the symptoms of labor are found, and only feed bean cake bran soup.
Moderate exercise: 65438+ 0 weeks before delivery, you should stop long-distance exercise and walk around the pig house or sports ground to avoid abortion or stillbirth caused by fierce chasing and bumping.
Move into the delivery room: move the sow into the delivery room 3-5 days before delivery, so that it can be familiar with and adapt to the new environment, and avoid the fetal asphyxia caused by violent tossing before delivery, but don't move the sow into the delivery room too early, so as not to pollute the delivery circle and reduce the physical strength of the sow.
Pay attention to observation: Observe sow dynamics at any time before delivery 1 week, and strengthen nursing to prevent accidents such as premature delivery and unattended delivery.
3. Feeding management of lactating sows
It is necessary to adopt the feeding method of low pregnancy (low nutrition feed during pregnancy) and high lactation (high nutrition during lactation).
The feeding goal of lactating sows is to increase the number of weaned piglets and the weight of weaned litter; The second is to maintain the normal body condition of sows during lactation, that is, when sows are weaned from 28 to 35 days (early weaning method). The traditional age is 56 ~ 60 days, which is too long), and the weight loss should not exceed 12 kg (the weight loss should be 12~ 15% of the postpartum weight). Excessive weightlessness will prolong the estrus time after weaning, and will also lead to a decrease in the number of litters, with serious consequences. Therefore, feeding strategies must be adopted around the above goals.