What are the three major architectural systems in the world?

Due to different cultural backgrounds, there were about seven independent architectural systems in the ancient world, some of which were interrupted or not widely circulated, and their achievements and influences were relatively limited, such as ancient Egypt, ancient Asia, ancient India and ancient America. Only China architecture, European architecture and Islamic architecture are considered as the three major architectural systems in the world, while China architecture and European architecture have the longest duration, the widest river basin and more brilliant achievements. \x0d\x0d\ China: \ x0d \ China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world with a long history. Working people have created the splendid architectural civilization of China with their own blood, sweat and wisdom. The ancient buildings in China are the oldest and most complete architectural system in the world. They are in the leading position in the world architectural history from single building to courtyard combination, urban planning and garden layout. China's architecture uniquely embodies the architectural concept of "harmony between man and nature". The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is the masterpiece of China architecture and the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. \x0d\ x0d \ Islam: \ x0d \ Islamic architecture, which is called Salasin architecture in the west. It includes mosques, Islamic universities, caliphs, tombs, various public facilities and residential buildings. It is an integral part of the world architectural art and Islamic culture. Together with European architecture and China architecture, it is called the three major architectural systems in the East. Islamic architecture is based on the traditional architectural forms of the Arab nation, drawing on and absorbing the architectural art essence of the two rivers basin, the Pyrenees Peninsula, all over the world and all ethnic groups, and creating a large number of buildings with historical significance and artistic value with its unique style and diverse shapes. \x0d\x0d\ Europe: \x0d\ 1, ancient Roman architecture \ x0d \ The ancient Romans followed the Etruscan architectural technology of Apennine Peninsula and the achievements of ancient Greece, and reached the peak of ancient western architecture in the1-3rd century. Large-scale buildings have rich and dignified style, harmonious and unified composition and various forms. In some buildings, the artistic treatment of internal space is more important than the external image. The most significant thing is to create a combination of pillar and arch coupons, such as pillar and continuous coupons, which are used for both structure and decoration. \x0d\2。 Roman architecture \x0d\ is also translated into Roman style, originally meaning Roman architectural style, which is an architectural style in the Christian-popular areas in Europe in the10-12nd century. Roman architectural style is more common in monasteries and churches, inheriting early Christian architecture. \x0d\ is characterized by huge and thick walls, serial coupons on the walls and concentric multi-layer coupons on the portal, which reduces the sense of heaviness. There are one or two bell towers in the west, and sometimes there are bell towers at the intersection of Latin crosses and horizontal halls. The large and small columns in the central hall are arranged alternately in rhythm. Narrow windows create a dark and mysterious atmosphere in a large internal space. The simple central hall contrasts with the magnificent altar, and the huge spatial change between the central hall and the side gallery breaks the sense of balance in classical architecture. \ x0d \ x0d \ 3。 Gothic architecture \ x0d \ x0d \ 1 1+ Gothic architecture first rose in France in the second half of the 20th century, and it was a popular architectural style in Europe from 13 to 15. The structural system of Gothic church is composed of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses, and large-area stained glass windows are another feature. \x0d\4。 Renaissance architecture "x0d" appeared after Gothic architecture. It came into being in Italy in the15th century, and then spread to other parts of Europe, forming Renaissance buildings with different characteristics in various countries. The most obvious feature of x0d is that it abandons the Gothic architectural style in the Middle Ages, and re-adopts the pillar elements of ancient Greece and Rome in religious and secular architecture. Renaissance architects and artists believe that this kind of classical architecture, especially the classical cylindrical composition, embodies harmony and rationality and has something in common with human beauty. \x0d\ x0d \ 5。 The baroque building "x0d" was developed on the basis of17 ~18th century Italian Renaissance architecture. Its characteristics are freedom of appearance, pursuit of sports, love to use rich decoration, sculpture and strong colors, and often use interspersed curved surfaces and oval spaces to express free thoughts and create a mysterious atmosphere. The original meaning of \x0d\ Baroque is strangeness. This style has played an important role in opposing rigid ancient forms, pursuing free and unrestrained styles, expressing secular interests, etc., and has had an impact on city squares, garden art and even literary and art departments.