Since the reform and opening up, China's construction industry has developed rapidly, and at the same time, a large number of industry materials, namely engineering archives, have been formed. Construction engineering archives are original, realistic records and true reflections with preservation value formed in construction activities. Recording the construction activities such as underground pipeline laying of buildings and structures is an archive file formed in the management activities of construction projects such as investment planning, design, construction, use, maintenance, reconstruction and expansion. While managing the quality, overall cost and construction period of construction projects, as a part of construction project management, the archives management of construction projects is directly related to the quality of projects and affects the economic benefits of enterprises. How to manage the construction project archives in an orderly way is not only the need of the project itself, but also the requirement of the archives department.
A, the contents of the construction project archives
1. Comprehensive documentation. Mainly including the approval documents of the superior; Plan task book; Engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake and other documents; Documents such as land acquisition, demolition and resettlement; Project plan and preliminary design documents; Approval documents of planning, fire protection, environmental protection, health and other government departments; Engineering construction, supervision bidding documents and related contracts and agreements; Project completion acceptance and quality appraisal documents; Documents such as project completion settlement and its audit report; Photographs, videos, recordings, CDs, etc. related to the project.
2. Construction documents of civil engineering and water, electricity and equipment installation. Mainly including the opening/completion report; Documents and materials such as the blue prints.the design, design changes, technical disclosure records and material substitution sheets; Project construction organization design; Supervision planning, supervision rules, supervision monthly report and project meeting minutes, etc. ; Quality certification documents or inspection data of raw materials, spare parts, semi-finished products and finished products; Mix proportion of concrete and mortar and test report; Acceptance records of concealed works; Settlement, drawing and deformation observation records; Engineering quality inspection and evaluation documents and materials; Record and handle the documents and materials of engineering quality accidents; Construction technology summary, etc.
3. As-built drawings, etc. Mainly including the general layout as-built drawings; Outdoor pipeline completion drawing; Construction project completion drawing; Decoration project completion drawing; Structural engineering completion drawing; Completion drawing of water supply and drainage project; High voltage and weak current project completion drawings; As-built drawings of ventilation and air conditioning projects and other special professional projects.
Second, the characteristics of construction engineering archives
1. Single and independent. That is, the integrity of a single project completion document. This is the most prominent and important feature of engineering archives.
2. authenticity. The project file is a mirror-like portrayal of the project entity. Because the engineering archives are formed synchronously with the engineering construction, and are the original records of the project initiation, construction and completion process, which are completely consistent with the engineering entity, the engineering quality standards can be summarized from the archives separately, which is an important basis for the completion acceptance of the construction engineering quality supervision department.
3. practicality. Engineering archives are the most original records of engineering, so they are of great use value, that is, practicality. Through the archives, we can comprehensively evaluate the construction work of the project and check whether the project meets the design requirements.
3. 1 comprehensive documents. Mainly including the approval documents of the superior; Plan task book; Engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake and other documents; Documents such as land acquisition, demolition and resettlement; Project plan and preliminary design documents; Approval documents of planning, fire protection, environmental protection, health and other government departments; Engineering construction, supervision bidding documents and related contracts and agreements; Project completion acceptance and quality appraisal documents; Documents such as project completion settlement and its audit report; Photographs, videos, recordings, CDs, etc. related to the project.
3.2 civil engineering and water, electricity, equipment installation engineering construction documents. Mainly including the opening/completion report; Documents and materials such as the blue prints.the design, design changes, technical disclosure records and material substitution sheets; Project construction organization design; Supervision planning, supervision rules, supervision monthly report and project meeting minutes, etc. ; Quality certification documents or inspection data of raw materials, spare parts, semi-finished products and finished products; Mix proportion of concrete and mortar and test report; Acceptance records of concealed works; Settlement, drawing and deformation observation records; Engineering quality inspection and evaluation documents and materials; Record and handle the documents and materials of engineering quality accidents; Construction technology summary, etc.
3.3 as-built drawings, etc. Mainly including the general layout as-built drawings; Outdoor pipeline completion drawing; Construction project completion drawing; Decoration project completion drawing; Structural engineering completion drawing; Completion drawing of water supply and drainage project; High voltage and weak current project completion drawings; As-built drawings of ventilation and air conditioning projects and other special professional projects.
Three, the construction project file management problems to be solved
1. Incomplete archive materials. Incomplete archival materials are the main problems in construction engineering archives. The unit with good project filing rate can reach about 80%, and the situation of the poor unit is different. After many projects are completed, there are no files, or only the main project files, no supporting project files, and few files such as boiler room, underground pipeline and landscaping.
2. Lack of a unified management model. From the perspective of archives management institutions, some units have set up special archives, and the management of engineering archives is better. Some units don't. Engineering archives are managed by other business departments or by document archivists, resulting in various archival materials.
3. Lack of compound file manager. The professional quality of file managers in grass-roots units is poor, lacking both professional knowledge of file management and relevant professional knowledge, which is difficult to meet the needs of work.
Four. Measures for effective management of construction engineering archives
1. Attach importance to project file management ideologically. In engineering construction, there is a general lack of attention to the management of engineering archives, and it is not until the completion of the project is about to be handed over for acceptance that it begins to be processed and sorted, which brings great difficulties to the sorting of archives. The main reason is that in the process of project construction management, enterprises do not pay enough attention to the construction project files ideologically. Because of the triviality of data collation, it does not produce economic benefits, and the site is very busy during the construction process. Most construction workers are concentrated in the construction site, and they are generally passive in dealing with data collation. If the supervision and inspection are not carried out seriously, the industry is likely to be in a mess in the end, and what's more, a lot of information will be missing. Therefore, the information in the industry should be checked and evaluated regularly or irregularly, which will attract the attention of all parties and avoid a lot of work accumulation. When necessary, compulsory measures can be taken to link with measurement and payment, which provides a guarantee for file management. In view of this, the management departments of construction enterprises and archives management departments should further strengthen the legal education of archives management in construction industry.
2. Establishing and perfecting the file management system is the basis of doing well the file management of construction projects. In order to strengthen the orderly management of archives in all stages of project construction and ensure the accuracy, completeness and standardization of archived data and drawings, the construction unit should formulate corresponding archives management systems and measures in the early stage of project construction (from the beginning of project establishment) according to the relevant provisions of national archives management and the actual situation of the building. At the same time, it is necessary to clarify the respective responsibilities of project managers and archivists such as construction units, survey and design units, bidding agencies, construction units and supervision units in the process of project file formation, standardize the collection and arrangement of files, and ensure that project tracking management is carried out simultaneously from the project establishment. The complete preliminary documents are very important, which have an important basis and voucher function in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the construction unit.
3. Strictly control the quality of the completion acceptance file, so that the project completion acceptance file can give full play to its voucher role. When the project is completed and accepted, the archives management personnel of the construction unit shall, jointly with the project management personnel, conduct a comprehensive inspection and review of all the documents and materials formed in the project construction according to the requirements of the filing scope of the construction project archives, solve the problems found in time, ensure that the completion data are true, complete and timely, and the filing scope meets the requirements, and conscientiously implement the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects and the filing system for project completion acceptance. Check the completion acceptance, and take the acceptance and handover of the completed files as an important link and content of the whole project acceptance, so that the project completion acceptance and file acceptance can be carried out simultaneously. Transfer of qualified engineering files, the construction unit issued a "construction project file certificate". If the files are not handed over in accordance with the regulations or the files handed over do not meet the requirements, the construction project file certificate will not be issued, and the construction unit will not settle the final payment, so as to ensure the integrity, accuracy and systematicness of the next construction project file.
4. Strengthen the training of project file management personnel and related technical personnel. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous development of the construction industry, the characteristics of building archives management have also changed, and it is more important to improve the management level of archives cadres. The professional requirements of archivists include service consciousness, service quality and service level. Archivists should enhance their sense of service and recognize the significance and importance of archival work. In order to improve the service quality and service level, we should use modern science and technology and equipment and adopt scientific management methods to better serve the archives management of construction projects. Archivists should renew their ideas, raise their awareness, change passivity into initiative, carefully understand and master the contents of relevant laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of competent departments, and use them flexibly in their work; We should have a strong sense of responsibility and strictly control the quality of engineering files.
5. Strengthen construction management and compilation of archives. Compiling engineering files according to standards is the most basic business condition for construction units. If a construction team can't compile information about the engineering industry, it is not qualified to contract projects. The key to the quality of engineering archives lies in the process of compilation and formation. The construction unit should clarify the responsibility, strengthen the training of technical personnel for compiling engineering archives, and constantly improve the professional level of compiling engineering archives. Development companies should strengthen the supervision and management of construction, check the compilation of engineering files, form files according to standards, and leave valuable wealth to future generations.
6 make full use of modern means, multi-angle and multi-level development and construction of engineering archives information resources, and do a good job in archives information statistics. Vigorously promote the use of microfilm files, magnetic media files and electronic files in engineering files. At present, the management of microfilm and multimedia electronic documents in the United States, Germany and the Netherlands has matured, and in recent years, C A D optical disc technology has also been adopted in the management of engineering documents. We can learn from advanced management methods, adopt advanced technology and avoid detours. Because CD burning technology is quite common at present, the state has formulated the requirements for CD storage, archiving and file management of CAD electronic documents, which makes it possible to use CD tower or CD library carrier for file management in engineering construction and becomes a development direction of engineering file management. In recent years, Shanghai Water Conservancy Investment and Construction Company has also begun to record photo files, video files and paper files with multimedia and CD-ROM, which has made a beneficial exploration in the networking and informatization of file management.
All departments should also make effective use of computer resources and establish their own document retrieval system. Improve the file management level of each department (company), improve the coordination ability of file management of each department, facilitate the use of files by each department (unit) and improve work efficiency. According to the nature and types of archives, collect and sort out departmental archives, and classify and number internal documents and records according to the departments and categories formed by documents and records; External document records and company template document records are classified according to their sources and properties, and their natural (specific) numbers are adopted. (If the engineering data management system stipulates the classification method and numbering principle of infrastructure documents, supervision documents and design documents, the company shall not stipulate otherwise. The number of the company template file specified in the Company Management Manual shall not be changed).
7. Record the transfer and change in time. In the process of management, frequent transmission and change can easily change the integrity and effectiveness of files. Only when each department has made relevant records on the increase, decrease and transfer of documents (such as transfer records, change records, modification records, invalid records, etc.). Only in time can they effectively understand the ins and outs of the documents and prevent them from being lost, damaged or invalidated. Ensure the integrity and effectiveness of files, and ensure that all departments obtain timely and effective files or information.
At present, China's construction market is facing severe challenges and fierce competition, the management system will be gradually reformed, and new situations will appear in the management of construction project files, but there are also great opportunities and space for development. We should actively learn from the advanced experience of foreign construction project archives management, give full play to the existing advantages, attach importance to strengthening the training of construction project archives talents and improving the incentive mechanism, and constantly sum up the experience of construction project archives management, so that construction project archives can better serve China's economic construction and build a harmonious society.
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