First, the common symptoms and analysis of psychological disorders of middle school students
Typical case: 1: 1, anonymous, freshman, excellent academic performance. Because facial burns are ugly, I have the mentality of being jealous of beautiful girls after entering adolescence, and I am often depressed. I tried to commit suicide several times, feeling redundant in this world, complaining that my parents didn't take good care of her, and feeling that being a man was boring. It's better to make a good impression and get rid of it while doing well in school.
This kind of students don't know that people are imperfect, pay too much attention to their own weaknesses and are prone to psychological imbalance. People's psychological state should be relatively balanced and stable. However, this balance is often destroyed by quarrels, discrimination, insults, repression and other emergencies. Middle school students who are not fully mature in this kind of psychology are easy to feel inferior, ashamed, resentful, dissatisfied or even depressed; In severe cases, people will become dull (slow thinking, poor memory), lazy (weak limbs, lazy to read and do things), worried (worried about others, not interested in anything, or even lose their minds and make unexpected outrageous behaviors).
Typical case 2: XXX, a junior two student, was originally a handsome and lovable entertainment backbone, good at dancing. The weight was measured as 100 kg. She thought being too fat would affect her graceful dancing, so she began to go on a diet. Within a few months, my weight dropped to 68 kg, and I refused to eat, vomited, lost weight, lost my shape, and couldn't keep studying, so I had to turn to psychological counseling.
This is a common psychological disorder among young women. According to the survey, this kind of people generally have the bad habit of picky eaters and partial eclipse since childhood. After entering adolescence, one-sided pursuit of slim posture, beautiful posture, and conscious control of diet. Over time, it leads to the decline of digestive function and nausea at the sight of food.
Typical case 3: XXX, a junior two boy, was allowed to stay in Shanghai with his grandparents because his father was an educated youth. The student is shy when he meets strangers or school leaders. If he meets a woman, he will be at a loss, blush and palpitation, stutter, and cause classmates to laugh. Introverted, lonely, ignorant classmates, serious, irritable, depressed, often insomnia, dull. He repeatedly asked to leave school and return to his parents in Yiyang, Jiangxi.
This is a typical social adaptation obstacle. Insomnia, apathy, distraction, mental depression and low learning efficiency are the manifestations of maladjustment of social environment and difficulties in interpersonal communication. In addition, introverted and withdrawn personality is more likely to cause psychological deviation or even defects. A person can maintain a harmonious relationship with the environment, which is adaptation. It is understood that this student was originally in Jiangxi and has strong adaptability. Sharp academic performance, but more introverted. In the new environment, when you meet new interpersonal relationships, you will have depression and anxiety. Coupled with language barriers, and the bad habit of imitating when you were a child and stuttering in an emergency, you will have interpersonal barriers. The author once made a sample survey of peer communication among middle school students, and found that lonely students accounted for 10% of the tested students. Among them, some people are "little dumb" at school, but they are "small speakers" at home. This is "public phobia". There are also many cases of heterosexual communication in adolescence. In a word, teenagers do have many psychological and behavioral problems in interpersonal communication.
Typical case 4: XXX, female, grade three, parents have high expectations and great psychological pressure, which leads to fear of exams. I feel flustered, chest tightness and dizziness before and during the exam, sometimes accompanied by diarrhea and dysmenorrhea, and my memory is difficult to reproduce. Seeing the blank in my mind, I can't help being nervous. The result of the exam can be imagined. Not only my parents are anxious, but I am also worried.
The troubles of young students focus on learning problems, and their emotions and moods also shift with the quality of their academic performance. Therefore, the focus of our mental health care should be to effectively improve students' learning ability and teach them to master learning methods and correct learning attitudes. This kind of problem is the most encountered by the author in consulting services. Some students have difficulty in learning the channel, so they write "guidance" as "guidance", lack lines in writing, have poor pronunciation, and speak as hard as children. Alton, an American neurologist, believes that these students have normal intelligence, and there is no problem with their visual and auditory organs, which may be the dysfunction of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. This kind of students will inevitably have psychological pressure and fear of candidates, which will eventually lead to fear, weariness and even truancy.
Typical case 5: XXX, male, senior three, quiet and polite in appearance, very painful in heart. Tell him to check his homework more than ten times, for fear of missing mistakes, and to wash his hands and close the door repeatedly at home for fear of negligence. To send a letter, you have to tear it apart, paste it again, and open it more than ten times without stopping. This is compulsive behavior, and meaningless thoughts cannot be ruled out. This kind of students are normal in appearance, but it is difficult to get rid of compulsive behavior, depressed and depressed. According to the data, this disease is more common in 16-30 years old, with more males than females, and one third of them have obsessive-compulsive personality defects: too afraid of dirty, too cautious, too uneasy and too tired.
Because people's psychology is ever-changing, there are still many manifestations of middle school students' psychological obstacles. The following are some common typical symptoms for your reference.
Second, one of the thoughts drawn from typical cases.
These typical cases are enough to show that quite a few middle school students have obvious psychological and behavioral problems. According to the estimation of relevant parties, "at least 10-20% of teenagers in Shanghai have different degrees of psychological defects, which shows that their personalities, emotions and behaviors are different, leading to social maladjustment." Therefore, it is necessary to find, diagnose and correct the psychological and behavioral deviations of teenagers as early as possible, so as to adapt them to study and social life. In real life, middle school students often have contradictions between needs and possibilities, which leads to psychological conflicts; There are contradictions between needs and goals, resulting in psychological pressure; There is a contradiction between pressure and following, resulting in psychological confrontation. Due to the intensification of these contradictions, it is easy to lead to psychological obstacles of teenagers. Therefore, we should help others to help ourselves and teach middle school students to adjust themselves, so as to reduce conflicts, relieve pressure, transfer confrontation and achieve a new psychological balance.
The second idea
In practice, there are two common psychological obstacles for middle school students:
1, with slight psychological disorder. If some students have mood swings, sometimes they are passionate and sometimes they are unhappy; Some students are grumpy and adventurous; Some students are lonely and depressed, while others are dependent on conformity and emotionally fragile. Some students worry about inferiority and think too much; Some students are jealous of talents and are difficult to control themselves; Some are caused by excessive tension and anxiety, and some are caused by body image change, heterosexual communication, emotional misunderstanding and so on.
2. Have mild mental illness. Such as neurasthenia, social phobia, nervous anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, or suicidal thoughts caused by interpersonal crisis, emotional crisis and learning crisis. Of course, there is also a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, infantile psychosis, emotional psychosis and even personality abnormality and sexual perversion. These people have been unable to engage in normal study and activities and need hospitalization or long-term treatment. However, our psychological counseling should focus on the first psychological obstacle, because it exists in large numbers, but it is often ignored by people. It not only poses a serious threat to mental health, but also lurks the danger of further deterioration. Therefore, it is necessary to give serious advice and correction.
Thinking three
The ability to adapt to society is recognized as the three elements of "all-round health" at home and abroad. Here, mental health and social adaptability are important signs of people's intellectual development and brain function health, and are the basis for establishing outlook on life and world and cultivating good psychological quality. The so-called "social adaptation" refers to the ability to coordinate interpersonal relationships, to cope with various interpersonal relationships in criss-crossing human groups, and to handle and adapt to family, school and social life. Nowadays, many middle school students have tense interpersonal relationships and poor coping ability. Psychological disorders such as depression, timidity, suspicion, worry, loneliness, irritability or depression often occur. These personality and emotional problems are often important reasons for mental health, which makes psychological activities deviate from the normal state. Regrettably, school leaders and teachers do not pay enough attention to the psychological barriers of teenagers, and often regard the psychological barriers of middle school students as ideological quality problems, and even give administrative sanctions wrongly, which is completely wrong.
The fourth point of thinking: suggestions on preventing psychological obstacles of middle school students;
1. Strengthen psychological education: this is the basic form to improve students' psychological quality, and its ultimate goal is to protect and promote people's physical and mental health. Therefore, the content of the lecture is not only to popularize mental health knowledge, but also to correct the cognitive structure of students' psychological confusion. In order to give targeted lectures, it is necessary to understand students' mastery, requirements and existing problems of mental health care knowledge through discussion; Through the investigation and test, analyze the psychological obstacles and deviations of the subjects, then talk about knowledge and health care, and also talk about psychological problems with students, and carry out mental health and self-cultivation education in combination with reality.
2. Strengthen psychological counseling: This is to help the interviewee overcome the psychological obstacles that may be encountered on the road of life, make them adapt to social life, handle interpersonal relationships well, and successfully complete the transformation of social roles. To achieve good results in psychological counseling, the key lies in the counselor's trust, understanding and empathy (that is, putting yourself in others' shoes). In the process of consultation, the counselor should be emotional and follow the principles of listening (letting the interviewee vent), keeping secret (keeping some in-depth content absolutely confidential) and counseling (giving face-to-face guidance to the special questions raised by him). Mutual trust is the basis of successful negotiation. The consultation process is a process of emotional and psychological communication between the two sides. Only in this way can we eliminate mental stress and achieve the effect of psychological reform.