Keywords: cultural and creative park; Function; develop
China Library Classification Number: F26 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1673-291x (2012) 24-0185-03.
First, the concept of cultural and creative park
1. Abroad. The main definitions of cultural and creative parks in foreign countries are: Derek Wayne, Hillary Anne Frost-Kumpf and Norbert Pushilan. Derek Wayne thinks that the cultural park is a specific geographical location, which concentrates the city's cultural and entertainment facilities in this geographical location in a centralized way; Hilary Anne Frost-Kumpf defined the cultural special zone, and thought that the cultural special zone was a well-organized, clearly marked and comprehensively utilized area in the city [1]. Nolapot Pumhiran defines a cultural and creative park as a place with limited space, obvious region and high concentration of cultural industries and facilities [2]. In Wansboro &; Mageea's view is that cultural parks are areas with highly concentrated cultural facilities and limited space, which encourage cultural use and a certain degree of production and consumption [3].
2. Domestic. The research on cultural and creative parks in China started late, and it also involves cultural industrial clusters, cultural industrial parks, cultural and creative industrial parks and other related research. But generally speaking, the concept of cultural and creative park is the inheritance and development of these concepts. Fan Shengchun believes that cultural industrial parks are a series of specific geographical areas related to culture and with industrial scale. They are multifunctional parks that integrate production, trading, leisure and residence, and have a distinct cultural image and certain external attraction, forming a cultural industrial chain that integrates production, circulation and consumption [4]. Wang Weinian believes that the connotation of cultural industrial park includes at least four aspects: (1) Cultural industrial park relies on places with rich cultural resources to develop cultural products related to culture. It is the geographical center of a series of cultural industries. (2) Cultural industrial parks have their own unique operating mechanism, and the organization and management of the parks are carried out through certain associations. (3) Cultural industrial parks meet the specific cultural needs of local residents and foreign tourists. (4) Cultural industrial parks reflect the special cultural, social and economic needs of the region [5]. Jiang Hui and Shine Wong believe that cultural and creative industrial parks are formed under the guidance of government planning, with cultural industries as the leading industry orientation, corresponding management systems and public service facilities, and focusing on the functions of research and development, incubation, training, production, display and trading, planning, production and sales of cultural and creative products [6]. Referring to the development trend of foreign cultural industrial parks and combining the development status of China Cultural Industrial Park, He Yifei made a relatively complete summary of the connotation of cultural industrial parks. He believes that cultural industrial parks are a phenomenon that a large number of closely related cultural industrial enterprises and related supporting institutions gather in space and form a strong and sustainable competitive advantage through interaction [7].
On this basis, this paper holds that the cultural and creative park is a spatial carrier for the gathering of cultural and creative industries. A large number of cultural and creative enterprises and related supporting institutions gather in a specific geographical area, and under the guidance of government planning, voluntary non-governmental organizations or joint investment by government and enterprises, a multi-functional park integrating incubation, production, trading, management, service and leisure is formed.
Second, the basic functions of cultural and creative parks
1. Cultural protection function. Cultural and creative parks mostly appear with the industrial renewal and deindustrialization of cities, which have distinct cultural protection functions, can shape the image of cities, increase the cultural connotation of cities and enhance the cultural taste of cities. As the driving force to optimize the internal layout of the city, cultural and creative parks have ushered in new development opportunities for abandoned old factories, dilapidated old streets and collapsed old buildings. By transforming them, the city has become more attractive, and at the same time, it has added a heavy cultural heritage and life tension. To a certain extent, it not only effectively protects historical and cultural property, but also creates a new platform for economic development. Cultural and creative enterprises inject modern fashion and creative elements into old factories and warehouses. , so that the preserved old buildings glow with a new scene that is more eye-catching than the modern urban landscape, so that the cultural and creative park can be organically integrated with urban culture and become a model of combining the protection of urban cultural resources with the future development of the city. For example, the 798 Art District in Beijing and the 19 12 block in Nanjing.
2. Production service function. Production function is one of the most basic functions of cultural and creative parks. By providing venues for the research, development, production, management and display of culture and related industries, we can promote their large-scale production and form overall benefits, thus driving the development of the park. Production function not only makes old factories and warehouses glow with new vitality, but also opens up a new model for urban transformation and sustainable development, making it a new bright spot of urban economic growth. The gathering of culture and related industries in the park also provides a lot of employment opportunities for the society, including cinemas, bars, concert halls and other leisure places, which can also help young people to establish their careers. The service function is mainly to create a good working environment for cultural and creative enterprises and staff in the park, which is mainly manifested in building a public service platform, attracting cultural and creative enterprises and entrepreneurs, advocating cultural creativity and protecting artistic creation. In China, most cultural and creative parks are established with the support of the government, so the park management committee and some industry associations play an important role in serving, supervising and coordinating cultural and creative parks. They are relatively independent, but at the same time they keep in touch with the government. The function of education and training can cultivate and serve their own cultural and creative talents for cultural and creative parks, which is the driving force for the development of cultural and creative parks. Cultural and creative parks can establish cooperative relations with universities and other scientific research institutions, and train the needed talents in time according to their own characteristics and development. For example, in the Creative Industry Park of Queensland University of Technology, Australia, the departments of design, advertising, digital media, animation and creative writing under the Creative Industry College have not only trained a large number of cultural and creative talents for the park, but also trained various creative talents for Australia.
3. Incubate innovative functions. Cultural and creative parks have the function of incubating innovation. Cultural and Creative Park helps the incubation and development of enterprises in the park by providing the infrastructure, resource network and exchange center needed for the development of culture and related industries. On the other hand, enterprises in the park make use of the agglomeration effect of talents and technology, and rely on the cultural and creative park to form a diversified main industrial chain, such as cultural creativity, digital network support, information consultation, etc., and continue to expand and develop, which will promote the development of catering, commerce, tourism, entertainment and other industries, form a benign interaction and have a radiation effect on the surrounding areas. For example, Art Street in Taikang Road, Shanghai, with cultural and creative design as its core, covers galleries, cultural exhibition centers, audio-visual arts, etc.1more than 60 Chinese and foreign enterprises. Relying on Taikang Road's own resources, these enterprises have formed a relatively complete industrial chain, and also promoted the development of catering, leisure and entertainment, tourism, real estate and other industries. Because the cultural industry is a combination of creativity, technology and information, it has strong innovation and strong permeability to traditional industries, which can give it new development momentum. For example, innovation and creativity are carried out on the basis of traditional cultural resources and handicrafts, and cultural products with traditional cultural characteristics and modern atmosphere are produced by using modern technology; There is also the Creative Industry Park of Queensland University of Science and Technology, which is also the R&D base of creative industries in Australia. This paper mainly studies the development of Australian culture and related industries, involving cultural product research and development, advertising, digital media, communication design and other categories, which can not only provide support for the development of creative parks, but also provide the Australian government with strategies and plans for the development of creative industries.