Design and construction of BIM technology (1)?

Design and construction of BIM technology (I) The wave of informatization is revolutionizing the whole engineering survey and design industry. From digital modeling to the application of building life cycle, BIM technology is becoming more and more mature. The source of BIM is design, and the premise of the integration of design and construction is also design. As the leader of the construction industry chain, design enterprises play a leading role in the implementation of BIM technology. Under the background that the whole society pays more attention to energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development, architectural design enterprises should resist the pressure, broaden their horizons, actively use information technologies such as BIM and cloud, and seek breakthroughs in improving building quality, construction industrialization, green buildings and whole-process services. 1.BIM Introduction 1. 1 BIM Concept and Significance Building information modeling (hereinafter referred to as BIM) has become one of the hottest terms in the global architecture and engineering construction industry. Searching for "BIM" or "building information model" through search engines such as Google can return millions of results, involving government agencies, construction industry, scientific research institutions and so on. The importance that society attaches to it can be seen. The word BIM was first put forward by a leading international computer software technology supplier. In fact, before BIM appeared, the theory of building information model technology had actually been developed in Europe and America for more than 30 years. Manufacturing giants Toyota Motor Corporation and Boeing Company have improved their production efficiency through information model design technology, laid a solid foundation for commercial success and created corporate myths. The technical application of early building information model mainly focused on manufacturing and aerospace industries, such as industrial design, automobile design, aircraft and spacecraft design. However, due to the environmental restrictions at that time, it was not popularized. In recent years, with the breakthrough of 3D engineering aided drawing software and the timely appearance of BIM terms, the hope of industrial change in the industry has been aroused. Regarding the definition of BIM, many organizations have interpreted the concept of BIM, including software companies, construction companies, industry associations and authoritative encyclopedias. NBIMS (National Building Information Model Standard), led by American Institute of Architecture and Facilities Information Committee, defines BIM as: "A building information model is a digital representation of physical and functional representations. Name of the facility. Therefore, it can be used as a shared knowledge resource to provide information about a facility and provide a reliable basis for decision-making in the whole life cycle of the facility from beginning to end. " . This definition is an authoritative interpretation of BIM at present and has been widely recognized by the industry. The general idea is that the building information model is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of facilities, which can be used as an information source to provide information services for the whole life cycle of the project from the initial stage of the project, and the sharing of these information can provide reliable guarantee for project decision-making. The significance of BIM is to improve the vertical and horizontal communication and multi-dimensional cooperation and exchange of the management system and workflow from upstream to downstream in the whole construction industry, realize the information management of the whole life cycle of the project, and open up the boundary between design and construction. As a new technical tool, BIM's powerful information sharing ability, collaborative work ability and professional task ability are increasingly apparent. Compared with the traditional CAD design method, BIM technology has the following advantages: first, design collaboration can effectively deal with the collision problems between designers of various professions, coordinate the collision problems of various professions in the early stage of construction, and realize visual collaborative design changes; The second is construction process simulation, which can simulate the construction process that needs to be realized in the real scene in the virtual world, so as to determine a reasonable construction plan to guide the construction; The third is the optimization of building performance. In addition to energy-saving simulation, sunshine simulation and emergency evacuation simulation, it can also be used for 4D and 5D simulation to achieve cost control. Through project optimization, the design scheme and investment return analysis are combined to calculate the real-time impact of design changes on investment, so as to minimize the risk of high cost. 2. Overview of 2.BIM industry 2. 1 Overview of foreign countries Australia, Japan, the United States, South Korea, Norway, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Britain and Finland have successively issued their own national, industrial and enterprise standards. Since 2007, the Federal Affairs Administration (GSA) has stipulated that BIM technology must be applied to large-scale federal government projects, and has compiled a series of guidelines, which has effectively promoted the popularization and application of BIM technology. The American Academy of Building Sciences took the lead in compiling the national BIM standard, and now the standard has been updated to the second edition. The British government has organized more than 200 experts to carry out research on different topics, compiled the application framework of BIM technology, and stipulated that all government projects must apply BIM technology according to the above framework from 20 16. This framework includes: (1)BIM protocol, which is used to specify the model to be established and the obligations, responsibilities and restrictions of all participants in the model; (2) The owner's information requirements, that is, the owner's requirements for BIM information management, including software, hardware, data standards and safety standards. (3) Information management service scope, which is equivalent to the standard text of BIM contract; (4) Liability insurance guide, which is used to clarify the responsibilities involved in the application of BIM technology; (5) Based on BIM technology, the information management standards of construction project delivery stage and the data delivery standards of each stage are put forward. 2.2 domestic overview BIM technology was first introduced into the engineering construction industry in 2002, and it can be traced back to 2004 when it entered China. At that time, domestic BIM technology series books began to emerge. Later, with the development of China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", BIM technology was applied to some demonstration projects. BIM has attracted the attention of domestic design industry since it was tried in Olympic venues in 2006. Especially since 2009, the application of BIM in design enterprises has developed rapidly. In the first year of "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued "Outline of Construction Industry Informatization Development in 201to 20 15 years", which took "accelerating the application of new technologies such as building information model (BIM) and network-based collaborative work" as the overall goal and set the tone for vigorously developing BIM technology. According to the data released by the Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision and Industry Development Department of the Ministry of Construction in 20 10, there are 2375 survey and design enterprises (including Grade A enterprises 1928, Grade B enterprises 34 10) and design enterprises published in 20 10. Many large design units have also set up BIM centers to apply and popularize BIM technology, and even provide information technology services for the whole life cycle of buildings. For example, Shanghai Hyundai Architectural Design Group began to use BIM technology for collaborative design in key projects such as Shanghai World Expo Project, Bund SOHO, Kong Ling SOHO, and the headquarters of central enterprises in the post-Expo Park, and provided technical services in the whole process of design, construction and operation and maintenance in Shen Du and Fixun headquarters building projects, and established the Group's digital technology research and consulting department. CCDI established the Building Digitization Division in 2009; Shanghai Shang 'an Electromechanical Design Office Co., Ltd. established BIM Department in 2008; China Institute of Architectural Design and Research conducted BIM training for all staff, and released BIM manual for architecture/structure/equipment specialty on 20 10. Large developers such as Greenland, Vanke, SOHO and Wanda have also begun to try to use BIM technology.