Pinyin: Hong
Radical: meter, external stroke: 13, total stroke:16; Traditional radical: meter, outer stroke: 13, total stroke: 19.
Wu Bi 86&; 98:ALPX Cang Xie: TWLP
Number of strokes:1222522145135435 Four-corner number: 442 12 UniCode:CJK unified Chinese character U+85A8.
Basic word meaning
● Qiu
hōngㄏㄨㄥˉ
◎ [~ ~] The sound of swarms of insects flying together, such as "Insects fly ~ ~".
◎ In ancient times, a prince or official with a title died.
Chinese-English translation
Qiu
Die out
English
◎ The death of the Prince; swarm
Detailed word meaning
◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎
"Move"
(1) (pictophonetic characters. Save your voice from death. Original meaning: It was called the death of a vassal in ancient times. The death of later knighted officials, also known as death)
(2) and the original meaning [(refers to the feudal lords or senior officials) death]
You will die. -"Erya"
Duke Wen of Lu died, and the East Gate stood in chains. -"Thirty-two years of Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong"
Zhao. -"Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi"
(3) Another example is the meaning of death. Usually refers to the death of a vassal); Election (referring to the death of the prince); To die (referring to the death of a vassal); The death of the prince; Back (back); Death (or death); Thank you (Xie)
(4) kill [kill]
Put the queen mother in the harem and live in the next province. -Northern Wei Yang Xuanzhi's "Luoyang Galand"
(5)[ Picture]: [Noisy]. Such as: Qiu Qiu (Voice of Qi Fei; Filling sound, thunder, underwater sound, drums, etc. ); Suddenly (describing a noisy sound)
Kangxi dictionary:
Buqiu, Upper Qiu Zi, Ji Shen
Tang Yun called his arm to chop. How did it sound? . It is also said that the Duke Wen died. White tiger's words are also elected, and they are also dead. Also set the rhyme to shout macro cut, sound. Many people are sick, too. Poetry, Nan Zhou, the owl's feathers are elegant and graceful. Elegance in elegance.
Textual research: [White Tiger Qiu Tong's words were also chosen. I want to change it according to the original text.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi:
The fourth volume Death part
Public? Yes Save your voice from death
The use of "Qiu" by ancient officials;
There are many ways for the ancients to describe death, such as "death", "destruction" and "collapse" for the empress dowager, as well as descriptions of some special identities or special ways of death, such as martyrdom, suicide and death. Here we will talk about "death" in detail. "Book of Rites Quli": "When the emperor dies, words will collapse; The warlord said that he would die, and the doctor said that he would die; When the scholar said he wouldn't get the prize, Shu Ren said he would die. ". Autumn said that the Duke Wen died. White tiger's words are also elected, and they are also dead. Also set the rhyme to shout macro cut, sound. Many people are sick, too. Poetry, Nan Zhou, the owl's feathers are elegant and graceful. Elegance in elegance. In ancient times, it was mainly used for people with high status, usually the high-ranking concubines of the emperor and the princes and princesses born to them, or the nobles who sealed the king. "Official System of Tang Dynasty": "Where there is a funeral, those with two or more grades are called mourning, those with five or more grades are called death, and those with six grades arrive in Shu Ren are called death". Among the members of the Qing royal family, the death of the emperor and empress dowager is called "collapse", and the death of the imperial concubine is called "death".
According to the Eight Banners Tongzhi, Prince Heshuo, Prince Shizi, King of Duoluo County, eldest son, Baylor and Beizi all use chopsticks. The princess is also friends with the county king Fujin and Mrs. Belle Beizi. There are also related contents in the draft of Qing history and the conference book. Shunzhi nine years, prince mourning, suspended for three days. Prince, county king for two days, Baylor for one day. Later, Baylor changed and stopped working. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, Baylor's biological mother was appointed, and the funeral was the same as the original one, and officials were sent to read the text and offer sacrifices. Forty years after Qianlong, Fan Fujin was appointed as the king's mother, was invited to sacrifice, and was reduced to the first class of Fujin. In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang, the princess was appointed, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs demanded that if an official was appointed to handle the funeral, all ceremonies should be carried out. The "General Examples" in "Records of the Qing Ancestors" is like this: "Funeral and respect are books; The princes of the county, Belle Beizi, ..., and monuments are all books. "
On the eighth day of April in the twenty-second year of Qianlong, the Ministry of Rites wrote: "On the seventh day of this month, when the imperial concubine died in Taizu, according to the established rules, the emperor should stop working for three days from the date of death. From the seventh day of this month, he refused to make a promise and wore plain clothes, so he was transferred to the cabinet office to follow suit. " ：
There is no dispute about the use of "fu" in the deaths of concubines and princes in the Qing Dynasty, but other people with those identities can do the same. There are many disputes, such as whether Mongolian princes, unsealed princes, Baylor and Beizi can use "fu". As mentioned above, there should be no doubt about the etiquette system in Qing dynasty, but this paper still makes some discussions on these issues.
First, the harem concubines
In the biographies of concubines in the Qing dynasty, there are not many differences among concubines, empresses and concubines, which are basically recorded in this way. However, the deaths of the following concubines, including those nobles who often promised, are sometimes recorded as "pawns" or simply not written, so we can only know them by looking at the archives of the Ministry of Rites.
In May of the 22nd year of Qianlong, the Ministry of Rites said, "On the 15th of this month, when Yi Kuang died, he should make an emperor leave the court for two days. From this month 15, I will not report my sacrifice, refuse to make a promise, and wear plain clothes the next day ";
In May of the 22nd year of Qianlong, the Ministry of Rites wrote: "On the 15th of this month, he died in high spirits, and the emperor abdicated for two days, without offering sacrifices, making vows and wearing plain clothes. Under Prince Heshuo, Hou Bo, the Minister of the Interior and the People's Guardian, is in charge of the minister viscount and other officials. "
On August 29th, the 26th year of Qianlong, the Ministry of Ritual played: "It is a rule to wear plain clothes for two days after the death of Cha Guoguiren. Guo Guiren died in Jehol on the 26th of this month, so this case should be followed from the date of reporting on the 28th. "
However, after Jiaqing, all the harems below the palace died and were renamed "death". Dong Jiashi, son of Injong, is not in Biography of Empresses. The Commissioner of the Treasury is a Thai woman. In the early years of Jiaqing, he was named Chungui, and in April of Jiaqing six years, he was named Chunqi. In twenty-four years, the official in charge of ceremonies in the Ministry of Rites said, "Chun Kun died of illness on the 23rd of this month and was moved to Tamura for temporary safety. All necessary preparations were made according to the regulations."
In the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang, the Ministry of Rites said, "Now I want to find out that Daoguang died in Zhejiang for six years on July 19, and I have been invited by the minister as usual to renew the order." I have passed away today, so I should follow the precedent. "Here is the noble beam of Injong, and Xuanzong was honored after he acceded to the throne; I didn't see the title of Empress conferred on November 16th, the second year of Daoguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and the title of Tian He was conferred on the same day (engraved on October 17th, the second year of Daoguang reign). Before that, it should be the identity of the wise prince Fu Fujin (in November, the princess who succeeded to the throne, Tong Jiashi, was canonized as the queen, why was Nana Fujin from the side of the Francisco government, and Fu Cha's was canonized as a field). )。 In November of the first year of Tongzhi, the Ministry of Rites played: "For the death of Yu Bin on November 16th this year, we should assist in filing the case upon request. "At that time, Mu Zong was young. Yubin here should be the harem of literate admired, and he should be young.
After Jiaqing, the rank of noble people also changed. In March of the third year of Daoguang, the Ministry of Rites said, "Pinggui people died at noon on the 25th of this month, and Qin chose to enter the coffin on the 25th of March, with a ceremony on the 5th of April and a ceremony on the 7th of this month."
It is worth noting that the year number of Emperor Renzong's Rites, who died in the second year of Jiaqing, is "death" rather than "collapse", which may be related to the fact that Emperor Taizong is still alive. On February 17th, the second year of Jiaqing, the ritual department said, "Because the queen died at the end of the seventh day of this month, the emperor moved in plain clothes on the seventh day and stopped work for five days. Emperors' concubines are presented first and then released, and emperors, concubines and Fujin cut clothes, which are easy to wear after 300 days. " At that time, Emperor Qianlong specially instructed the imperial concubine Niu Zhilu to enter the palace in succession, because the imperial concubine was first sealed during the mourning period of the queen. As a result, Gaozong died in the early fourth year of Jiaqing, so it was dragged on until the sixth year of Jiaqing, and the book was the queen. This is a special case of the queen's death, and the memorial is called "Qi", but the performance of the title did not affect the Sitara family's real "collapse". What is recorded in the book is "Wu Yin, who collapsed in February of the second year of Jiaqing, and was called the Filial Piety Queen".
Secondly, the Mongolian princes share "autumn" with the kings of the host country and kings with different surnames in foreign countries.
Many people wonder why Hanwang Baylor, a vassal of Mongolia, also used the word "pawn" more, and then quoted the biographies of Sai Yinnuoyan's super brave prince Zeling and Sanglin Qin of Inner Zasak Mongolian Horqin Department with special characters in the Draft of Qing History. Is it like the old saying that "there is a difference between internal and external pawns" (Du Zhuchun's autumn notes, pawns, Zuo Zhuan and Chunqiu record the history of Lu? )。 Is it because we don't think Mongolia is a part of the territory of the Qing Dynasty? In fact, there are many biographies of Mongolian princes abroad in Biography of Foreign Princes in Qing Dynasty, and there is no omission. The order of Mongolian princes is also in the middle. It should be noted that the first master of the Qing Dynasty worshipped his master, and his title and salary were far higher than those of the opposite sex. For example, the highest title of the opposite sex is the first class, which is only equivalent to the eighth class of the imperial clan. As a foreign vassal, the highest salary of the Mongolian prince is 2500 Liang, which is only a quarter of that of the imperial clan and master. Krabi has no other allowance or salary. From the etiquette point of view, there is a difference between Mongolian royal princes and nobles with the same title. In addition, although the names of knights are similar, they are not the same system. For example, there are three Khan in Waikerk Mongolia, and there is also a Khan position in Erut Turkut. The imperial clan's Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong centimeters are eight (serving Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong) and no eight, and the foreign vassal Mongolia does not add this prefix; Below the Duke, Zasak Mongolia in Inner Mongolia and Elut Mongolia in Qinghai are Taji, and the various parts of Waikerke Mongolia are tabu sacks, each of which is one to four grades. The rank corresponds to the imperial clan generals from the town country to Fenggen, but the names are by no means the same.
In addition, the rank of Mongolian princes is lower than that of imperial princes. For example, funerals, except for special circumstances, are generally just offering sacrifices. There are tributes at the level of prince and county king of Mongolia, but there are no tributes below Baylor. In the Grand Ceremony of the Mongolian King Hou, people below Baylor were only equivalent to the lowest general in the imperial clan, offering a wordless sacrifice. It can be seen that there is no need to "pray" for Wang Baylor of Mongolia because he is different from the imperial clan in etiquette. In a special case, for example, Emperor Gaozong's super brave Prince Tseleng said in a poem that "tin is his best shirt", but it may be because Emperor Gaozong is a special case of this minister, because at that time he ordered "all funerals are like imperial princes". Perhaps there will be similar treatment at the memorial service of Prince Horqin, Shuoboduole Kagatai and Sengqin. After death, "hearing about it, dropping out for three days, specially hosting a banquet for the ancestral hall" is also the funeral of the imperial prince. "Because of his loyalty and courage, he made a special request to Jia, regarded state affairs as family affairs, and was considerate at last." Similarly, Xinjiang should also have a Mongolian maharaja, the county king, who holds the title of Baylor Haldir First Age. In the twenty-four years of Qianlong, he committed suicide because of the Xinjiang rebellion. It can be seen that the death of Baylor, the king of Outer Mongolia, was not necessary because of the distinction according to the etiquette level, and he never regarded Outer Mongolia as a foreign country. In the Qing Dynasty, Prince Zhao Lian made a sequel to Xiao Ting, which contained a story about Prince Chao Yong. "At night in Wang Qi, a big star fell in the northwest."
Since the rank of Mongolian princes is lower than that of imperial clan and there is no need to die, then "death" should be used. Examples are as follows:
In April of the 21st year of Qianlong, the Cabinet issued a letter to King Lin Qin of Bahrain, who was very sincere and served for many years. I am deeply sorry to hear the news of death. Yeah, send Gong Yong? Take Ganqingmen bodyguard Chiyi to the temple, and still enjoy a funeral of 3,200 yuan ";
In February of the 19th year of Daoguang, the Ministry of War moved to the procuratorate, Dozila Butan, and died in Qingzi. Dolzi Labutan here is the prince of the Tibetan Ministry of Khalkha Mongolia, and later served as the Minister of Cullen of Mongolia;
On March 22nd, 20th year of Daoguang, the Ministry of War moved to the prison, and Saquetoux, a character of Hanma Bazaar, passed away, and sent a member of the rank minister to Chiyi to give wine. For the purpose of clearing words. This is the transliteration of Taipei Academia Sinica, translated into Zasakto Khan of Zasakto Department and Manibazaner, the king of Duoluo County who died in Daoguang for 20 years. Chivalry is more sweat than a prince;
The aforementioned Sengqin actually inherited the titles of Zhuang Jing, king of Zasadoro County in Horqin Department, and Sotnamuduji, a great master. Sotnamudoji was called Sanfeng at that time and married Injong's third daughter. In July of the fifth year of Daoguang, Li Fan Academy said, "The Third Army died on July 10th, and now it is scheduled to be transferred to Yincui gorge on July 28th.
With this reference, the death of Han Wang's junior high school also uses "autumn", such as "June, Li Youqiu"; "Sixteen years in May, Kun Li"; "Autumn in 59 years 10", "autumn in 12"; Forty-one years, Li Yun; "Five years, afford troublesome sealing operator Li for the prince. Suitable for Li Suan, that is, Li Jue, the deputy and ambassador of the Prince, was crowned as the King of Korea "; Fifteen Years of Lee; "In the twenty-ninth year, Li Xunqiu and Yu Ji were taken as examples." The rank of the King of Korea was compared with that of the imperial clan and the Prince of New York, and the death of his concubine should also be reported. Although words such as death or death are commonly used in the Qing draft, they can be regarded as written forms, such as "Twenty-four years, report to the princess of North Korea and send her to sacrifice"; "At that time, Zhao Yi, the princess of Xi's mother, sent a messenger to the table to express condolences:' Han Wang Dachen Li Xiyan: My mother Zhao Yi died of illness on April 17th, 16th year of Guangxu, and I would like to express my obituary' ......................... Unfortunately, Princess Kang recently passed away, and I am very sad. The Ryukyu Kingdom is also in a similar situation. Wang Shangzhen, Zhongshan Kingdom of Ryukyu, said: "The first minister died in the seventh year of Kangxi and was a loyal heir. He should attack the nobles and have a seal with his subjects. " There are many other records about Ryukyu's quest for the country, such as "Wang Shangzhen died in, and the prince died first"; "It's the year, Wang Shangjing"; "Twelve years, Qiu, the prince is still in charge of state affairs and died unsealed"; "Seventeen years, Wang Shang Hao Qiu".
However, even if the North Korean prince is canonized, his death is not as good as that of the imperial clan prince. In May of the second year of Shunzhi, the imperial edict "Lea Coco, King of Korea, came to Beijing and was deeply shocked by the news of the death of the Prince. He mourned the death of the Prince with the words of Shang Shu Xing Neng, the groom Wu Hei (Wo Wo) and Tong Guan orphan Ma Hong (Gu Hong). The prince worked as a proton in the Qing court since he was a child, and North Korea held a grudge against him from top to bottom. It is said that he was killed by a North Korean minister. )
Other vassal States are often written as "pawn", but in fact they are regarded as "flag bearer" according to their etiquette. For example, Annan's state-owned "is the year, but the flag of Li Weixi"; "Li died in October of fifty-seven years"; "In November of the eleventh year, Li Jue died of illness, and Wang only made an obituary. Please seal it and attach a tribute"; "Thirteen years, Li Weiwei was in charge of state affairs"; Twenty-six years, Le Duy Vi. Ruan Jinyong, the Vietnamese king who forcibly expelled Annan Lee's regime, was recorded as "Germany, and most of its troops came from Jiading and Yonglong, so it took the two provinces as its title and said it was Jialong. He has been in office for seventeen years "; "In the twenty-first year of Daoguang, Ruan Fu taught him to die and sent condolences"; "Twenty-eight years of Daoguang, you will be blessed and heir"; Ruan Fu, the king of South Vietnam, was childless, and his cousin succeeded him. It is recorded in Biography of Myanmar that "the next year, the king of Myanmar was in Qiu Tong, and he ascended the throne in a tin robe".
The vassal state can also be a "flag", not to mention Mongolia, a foreign vassal state, which was originally a barrier, but the funeral level set for Baylor, a Mongolian maharaja, was lower.
Because the title of the Eight Banners and Half-recruited nobles was lower than that of the imperial clan, in the early Qing Dynasty, except for the four vassals of the Han army and the righteous king, only Yang Guli, the king of Wu Xun, and Fu Kang 'an, the king of the county, were posthumously sealed, so the death of the half-recruited nobles could not reach the level of "Qi". However, the kings of the Eight Banners Han Army still use "autumn", such as Shang Kexi, Pingnan Wang, Geng and Geng Jimao. If Kong Youde, the southern king of Guo Ding, is not a martyr, but also a martyr, then even his adopted son and grandson are special cases.
Third, the situation of the late prince using "qi"
The prince who died early used to die, die, or die early (near the prince). In fact, early death is for the sake of their father, and they don't agree with the system. However, if it is an adult prince, although there is no enfeoffment, "autumn" is generally used, because the etiquette of a prince is to be treated as a prince with a master. For example, in the forty-first year of Qianlong, the twelve sons of Emperor Qiu Yong used the imperial clan regulations to handle the funeral. Jiaqing four years, chasing Baylor "Daoguang eleven years, the eldest son of the emperor Wei Yan ordered the funeral to be handled according to the example of the prince. "There are also some lucky young princes, such as Rong Wang Qin, who died after his death. Even the hapless Prince Xiang is still a loser. The death of Prince Fujin is also called "Qi". According to records, in the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, Xuanzong was the second son of the emperor, and his Fujin was named his consort. The emperor ordered him to be a servant that day, except after the first sacrifice. According to the example of Prince Fujin, Prince Fujin, the golden coffin and the seat cover are all red, and the yellow seat cover has no etiquette. Etiquette ceremony still takes Prince Fujin as an example, and the flag color is white. And "Daoguang for seven years, the eldest son of the emperor Yiwei, Fujin Guaerjia." It can be seen that although the adult prince has not been enfeoffed, he is still different from the little prince who died young.
Of course, Yong Lian and Yong Cong, the two crown princes of Qianlong era, will definitely use "you". Emperor Gaozong said, "Yong Lian is my first son. Although it has not been inscribed, it has been planned to build a reserve, and its ceremony should be decided by the Crown Prince. " ; In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, "the prince did not die for two weeks." Although they all died young, they still held a formal funeral. Off-topic, but the last big brother in the Qing Dynasty was Pu Yi, the son of Duan Wang Zaiyi. He was involved in the incident because of his biological father Zong Yihe Boxing, and he lost the title of big brother. After entering the Republic of China, I actually got out of the Senate qualification. Smoking and hitting on women all day won't end well. I'm alone
It is particularly important to note that the second brother of the Holy Father, that is, the abandoned prince, died without a title and still used "Qi". His title of Prince Richard was posthumously granted. It is a special case of non-princes who use "Qi" without a title (Kangxi 6 1 year, Sejong acceded to the throne, and the son of Feng Yun was the county king. In the first year of Yongzheng, Zhao went to Zhengjiazhuang, Qixian County to build a house, and the soldiers were stationed in Zagreb, and they will move to the station. In December of two years, Yunyong fell ill and was taken by posthumous title). Third brother died after becoming a prince and being knighted by leather, which is true, because after all, he was buried immediately according to the rank of county king after his death. Leap ten years in May, Qi, depending on the county king's funeral. After working for two years, I pursued it.
Fourth, the imperial clan Baylor and Beizi used "Qi"
According to the funeral, in the royal family, in fact, "Qi" can be used on Beizi. Because in Manchu, Baylor and Beizi both mean king, which means "extremely fierce" in the golden age. As mentioned above, the death of the ritual Belle Beizi is well documented in the archives. The Ministry of Rites gave the cause of Baylor's death: "Baylor was allowed to die in the middle of the night on December 28, and should leave the court on the fourth day of this month" (the fourth day of the first month of the ninth year of Qianlong)
"Qing Draft" has no problem with the use of "Fu" in the death of the imperial clan prince and the county king, but it is rarely used in Baylor. For example, in Chinese, Hongming, the county king of Rongcheng, the fourteenth ancestor of the holy father, named Baylor, was emperor for thirty-two years. But most princes and county kings are still written as "qi", and a few are generally written as other ways to die. For example, Prince Su committed suicide. Of course, "Qi" is useful in other books. All his descendants who inherited the title of "Su Wang" are "Qi", unless they are chasing the seal, they all use "pawn" to correspond. Meng E, the fifth son of Wang Su, sealed the county king, Meng E's son Buddha Yonghui attacked the county king with a shovel, and another son Yan Wan attacked Baylor, so he was a pawn. Prince Chengze is actually the least meritorious among the eight iron hats, even negligible, but he is a prince, so he is "autumn". But this was at least taken over by Father Sixteen May, the later banker, and it has always been "Qiu" (incidentally, Shuerhazi first got the title of Zhuang in the Qing Dynasty, and Emperor Mao Wu in Qing Shi Lu had the title of "Qiu". "On February 16th, the emperor took Bellevue, a Japanese rabbit, aged 43"; )。
The level of Laubel with many imperial families is that there are not many badminton in the park, even if it is given the title of county king. For example, the rank of the county king is Baylor Yun Qi, who is the 23rd brother of the Holy Father. Before his death 50 years ago, Qianlong was the county king's title of Baylor, with only one word grade (Qianlong entered Baylor in 47 years). Forty-nine years, plus the title of county king. Fifty years, dead, dead); Yi, the son of Prince Yi, cannot use Baylor because he is the county king. But that doesn't mean he didn't. For example, Yongfu, the second son of Wang Hongchan in Ning County, also recorded in Shangshu that "Qianlong was twenty-nine years old and attacked Baylor. 47 years. Please respect. " Mianhui, the son of Yong Cheng, the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong, was Baylor and died in Qi in the first year of Jiaqing. In the same example, Qin Mian, Prince Yongzheng of Chengzhe, died as the county king with the title of Baylor in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, and was crowned as the county king with Qi (in the second year, but; The book only wrote "Qin Mian died on June 25th and gave it to the county king", but his great-grandson Puzhuang was also the county king, and it was useless to seal Baylor. Xuanzong's eldest son, Daoguang, died in Baylor in eleven years. The word "Qi" was named Baylor (in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, after my nephew Wenzong acceded to the throne, he became the king of the county, Biography of Kings); Also wrote "twenty-four years of Jiaqing, sealing Baylor. In April of the 11th year of Daoguang (Qi), his son named him Baylor, and gave him the title of county king, using "pawn". Oh, by the way, I know that Plumbel added the title of Baylor and lived until the New China period. This is the earliest founding director of the Constitution of China. Let's observe a moment of silence. What he did for the rest of his life was the most promising environmental protection undertaking-collecting garbage and mourning for China's constitutionalism. As the father of China's constitution, he should pursue the word "Qi".
In the Draft of Qing Dynasty, the death of Baylor, the inner and outer imperial clan of the prince, is often called "pawn", but this does not mean that Baylor does not need "pawn". Even in the Republic of China, Emperor Xun still called the dead Baylor a "pawn". To understand this truth, we must know more about the actual situation. Check the original data, in the Eight Banners Annals written in Jiaqing years, Baylor called "Qi" everywhere:
In April of the fourth year of Kangxi, Prince Dai Changdai of the Ministry of Rites;
Bai Liduo, the son of the jade prince who returned to his ancestral home, died in December of the eleventh year of Kangxi;
Rao Yu's Prince Abataizi Borg (An's younger brother) and Chongde's Prince Jin are rare peerless titles between Beizi and Shunzhi, which should be regarded as a title for the prince. Similarly, there is a Prince Lausa. In addition, according to the imperial edict of Shunzhi Dynasty, the three princes Duan Zhong, Jin Jing and Chengze did not give the title of "Heshuo" at first, which was different from Heshuo. It can be seen that the county king gave the crown prince a title, and many systems were also changing at the beginning of Shunzhi. ) In the twelfth year of Shunzhi, his son Qi Kexin attacked Baylor, and in the first month of the eighteenth year;
As mentioned earlier, Belle Yong 'ai, the grandson of Prince Yunyong's second brother, died in December of the fifty-third year of Qianlong.
Yue Yi (the ancestor of the royal family in Keqin County, the son of Dai Shan, the prince of courtesy, and the owner of the red flag), who became a prince intact, was reduced to Baylor during the Chongde period and "retired to the army";
Yue Yun's grandson, Belle Nani, died in the first month of the forty-fourth year of Kangxi;
Yue Yi's other son, Belle Hal Chu Hun, died in November of the eighth year of Kangxi.
Kalcu Hunzi belk Qi (formerly known as Lukedu) was born in June of Kangxi 6 1 year;
Yue Yun also had two sons, Baylor Balsuhong, who died in the first month of the twelfth year of Shunzhi. Belle Rib, May of the 9th year of Shunzhi.
Even the Beizi of Gushan still uses "Qiu", such as:
King Ajigong Chagu Mountain Beizi and Du, Shunzhi three years in October;
Another son of Rao Yu, Boketo, the son of Prince Abatai, died in September of the fifth year of Shunzhi.
Boketuozi Gushan Beizi Fukezike, December of the 14th year of Shunzhi;
Another son of Boketo, Zhang Tai, a son of Gu Shan Bei Zi, died in the 29th year of Kangxi.
Subutu, another grandson of Abatai, Prince Rao Yu, was recruited into the army from Huguang during the San Francisco Rebellion.
Subutu's younger brother Taniyama Beizi died in November of the eighth year of Shunzhi.
Miande, the son of Wang Yonghuang, who was betrothed (this is a great-grandson that Gao Zong liked very much and gave a considerable reward when he attacked Baylor's knighthood wedding), died in September of the fifty-first year of Qianlong;
Anping Beile DuDu (the son of Taizu's eldest son chasing Guanglu Beile DuDu Ying) is the son of Beizi Telgu, who died in February of the fifteenth year of Shunzhi.
Another son of Du Du, Sabi, a son of Gushan Beizi, died in February of the 12th year of Shunzhi.
Muerhazi Gu Shan Beizi went to the sea in May of the twelfth year of Shunzhi;
The son of Shuerhaqi, the son of Baylor A Min, Beizi, Gulmahon and Kangxi for twenty years;
Another grandson of Shuerhazi, Dorobel, is still good. In August of the seventeenth year of Kangxi, he died in the Yuezhou army.
Shangshan's younger brother Gushan Beizi slave race, in November of the seventeenth year of Shunzhi;
Shangshan's other brother, Gu Shan Beizi Fulata, died of illness in Fuzhou Army in November of the 15th year of Kangxi.
Raftazi Gushan North Fu Zi Village, September of the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi.
Of course, Baylor also used the word "pawn" in the Eight Banners Tongzhi, such as Baylor Haishan, the son of Prince Gong, and Baylor Su Fei, the grandson of Haishan. Most of them are knights without merit, and so on, which should be the way of writing.
In the imperial edict, the death of Belle Beizi is also referred to as an example of "dying". For example, in July of the seventeenth year of Kangxi, the Holy Father told Zongrenfu: "The Beizi Tower ... July 20th of the sixth year of Yongzheng: the third son of the Prince died easily. Imperial edict: Hongyi, the son of Prince Yi, died. Hongyi was born in Fujin and was buried according to Baylor's example. However, in the imperial edict of Daoguang Dynasty, it is recorded that "Beizi Yao Mian served as the Minister of the Interior, and Zongren House Zuo Zongren. After the imperial examination, the Guards managed the flag affairs, worked diligently and resigned for several years. I'm sorry to hear that he passed away. Garn gave a shirt according to Beizi's example. I gave you all the punishment during my term of office, and you should get a T-shirt. The yamen has a case to fight. "This example may need to be modified to test.
As can be seen from the above, Baylor and even Beizi all take "autumn" as the ritual system, which is also implemented in funeral etiquette. It is normal that there are differences or mistakes in the arrangement of the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty. For example, in "The eldest son of Tongzhi Father agrees with the county king", it is written that "in the twelfth year of Yongzheng, he was buried with the gift of Beizi". In fact, it has always been confined, and the draft of Qing history is written as "pawn" (in the jailer, it is still forbidden to neglect the clan. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng's illness, Sejong ordered a funeral for Bayoko Gushan. According to the 10th Anniversary Ceremony of Chronicle, Prince Heshuo, Prince Shizi, King Duoluo County, eldest son, Baylor and Beizi all died in coffins. The same is true of the princess and the princess Wang Fujin and Mrs. Beier Beizi. When the historical manuscript was copied in the past, the etiquette was crude and inappropriate, and the author even missed the records in the prequel and "Hui Dian", so "Lian" was rarely used to address the late Belle Son. In Biographical Literature, there are "Merenz, Sahalian Bellevue"; The record of Anping beauty DuDu is Chongde's "Seven Years in June"; Yu Yue Yu Qiu Jun; "Hidden county Wang Yiwei, Baylor. In the eleventh year of Daoguang, in April, taking the prince as an example, Baylor was sealed. Other Baylor and Beizi basically use "pawn". This is very different from the book Eight Banners Tongzhi. However, it is recorded in the book that "in forty-one years, the twelve emperors often lost their lives, and the imperial clan was in mourning." "Jiaqing four years, chasing Baylor." If historians had looked carefully at that time, they should not have found this fallacy.
In the chronicle of the Eight Banners, there are many records in the book "Biography of Royal Clans", such as: Doro Rong Xian's patrol in Bellehar, "August" in the eighth year of Shunzhi; His eldest son, Keqi, died in June, 61, Kangxi. For example, "Qi Kexin was merged into Baylor, and in the first month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Qi Kexin was replaced"; There are many other records, such as "October of the sixth year of Shunzhi, and his son Fokker's library name is Gushan Beizi, December of the fourteenth year". "Zhang Tai, the fourth son of Bohe Tuo, is still a lonely mountain Beizi and died in the first month of the 29th year of Kangxi"; Baylor is good at "joining the army in August"; Bewoods went to sea in May 12.
The same is true of the notes of the Qing Dynasty, such as the first one in the Recitation Classic, which reads, "After the day, I came from the camp riding in white, and I knew that Beizi was dying" (Yongjia Beizi Fu Kang 'an). By the way, it is very common to use "Fu" in stories about respected figures in ancient China. Even for some non-dignitaries, "fu" is used out of respect. "Lang" also records that "there must be a calendar of three dynasties in Xingxian County, but at that time, he personally visited the door, and at that time, he was a famous minister. At that time, some people in the DPRK said that his stomach was loose and he could fold it once or twice. There are many similar usages, which do not mean writing in formal occasions.
Baylor and Beizi's wife should also use "Qi" when they die. Excerpts from the file are as follows:
On July 27th, the 10th year of Qianlong, does not reply that Laubel Haishanfu in Zhenglan Banner has passed away. As usual, the sheep will be given shochu paper, and a minister will be sent to read an article as a souvenir, including "Shen died on July 9 this year." Chadorobel Fujin's death rules, giving sheep five shochu five bottles of paper 10,000 pieces, the gift-giving department official reading the text and offering sacrifices, and the Hanlin Academy writing ";
On April 21st, the 15th year of Qianlong, he held a memorial service for the minister's department authorized by Dolobelle to pay tribute to the late minister, with the purpose of sending the bachelor's minister of cabinet to the ancient records museum and informing him to leave for Yizhou on the 24th of this month.
There are too many related records to mention, so I will explain them briefly.
Subsidiary theory
People today can see history books or biographies. If there is any mistake, it should be based on the official words at that time, that is, the records of imperial edict and canon. Some words in the archives of the Ministry and the flag book are recorded in daily spoken language. In addition, there are several items in the file that need to be inspected, and the original has been read, so there is no difference in words. Its contents are as follows:
On April 27th, Daoguang 16, Zongrenfu reported that "Gu Shan Beizi Yilun died in Yin Shi on April 26th, Daoguang 16" (Qin Mian, king of Cheng Jun County, granted Baylor the exemption of benefits as his adopted son);
In the 28th year of Daoguang/KOLOC-0//KOLOC-0/25th, the Ministry of Housing moved to the Inspection Institute, and Zongren Institute ordered the county king to play: "Duoluo Belle Mianxian, right Zong Zheng died in Yin Shi on the 20th of this month/KOLOC-0/2nd". A similar file was engraved on the Ministry of War, with the words "the king of a county died" on it.
Another example is that in September of the 30th year of Daoguang, the Ministry of War issued an imperial edict: "In the imperial edict, Mianyi, the son of Beizi, was appointed as the Minister of the Interior by the guards, and the clan government was left to take charge of flag affairs. I am very sorry to hear that he passed away. Garn gave a shirt according to Beizi's example. The punishment during the term of office has been recorded, and the government should be given a T-shirt. I don't know if the imperial edict was due to the slackness of the writers or whether Xuanzong was deliberately harsh. At the same time, Prince Rui died in May of the sixth year of Daoguang, and the Ministry of Ritual moved Prince Rui to die in Fang, and presented the imperial edict that "Prince Rui was ill for several days and was deeply sorry to hear of his death", which was not copied at will by the Ministry of Ritual. There is also a performance by the Housing Department to reward Prince Rui's death. Among them, "Prince Rui has been ill for several days, and I am deeply sorry to hear of his death". If in doubt.