brief introduction
Xinjiang Bridge, located in the center of Sanjiangkou, has a history of 144 years. It is the first bridge across the Yaojiang River in Ningbo history, connecting the old city and the north bank of the river, and it is also an important passage to Zhenhai and Cixi. Since ancient times, the banks of Yaojiang River have been connected by ferry until the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), when the British built a pontoon bridge here. Before that, there was only one river-crossing bridge in Ningbo, namely Lingqiao (the pontoon bridge at that time, also called "Jin Dong pontoon bridge"). In order to distinguish it from the old Lingqiao, the newly-built pontoon bridge is called "Xinjiang Bridge", and Lingqiao is naturally called "Lao Jiang Bridge".
The origin of bridge
After the Opium War, Ningbo became one of the five largest trading ports in China. 1843, Britain first set up a consulate on the north bank of the river, and then successively set up consulates or consuls in Ningbo, including France, Prussia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway and other countries. /kloc-in 0/850, foreigners living on the north bank of the Yangtze River forcibly designated it as "foreigners' residence" and obtained extraterritorial jurisdiction. One by one, Western missionaries intervened in the disputes of religious groups at will, interfered in China's internal affairs, and constantly aroused public anger.
At the end of Xianfeng, Li Acai, a citizen of Ningbo, and others hated a missionary's bullying and wanted to give him some pain. They met secretly and waited in a quiet place. When the preacher passed by, they rose up and attacked him. "Pat his face (slap him in the face) every ten times, and then disperse in a hubbub." The missionary was shocked, ashamed, painful and angry, and immediately complained to the British consul Chevry, insisting on revenge. Because the Taiping Army was preparing to attack Ningbo at this time, local officials in Ningbo fled to Dinghai, Zhoushan, and the consul could not negotiate with them. Seeing that the consul was helpless, the missionary secretly conspired with Jefferson, a British businessman, who went to town to capture Li Acai and put him in the patrol room in Jiangbei.
Teverson often travels between the north bank of the Yangtze River and the old town of Ningbo. One day, he crossed the Yaojiang River from Taohua in Jiangbei. On the ferry, four people followed him and got on the same ferry with him. Jefferson never dreamed that these four men were friends of Li Acai and came to avenge Li Acai. When the boat reached the midstream, four people deliberately slammed their feet, making the ferry sway from side to side and shake violently. Soon it capsized and all the people on board fell into the water together. These four people are familiar with water and are in no hurry. They dived into a hidden place and then went ashore. They think that this boy, Jefferson, must finish. I didn't expect Teverson to be good at swimming, so he swam ashore and escaped. But he was frightened by this, so he wanted to build a pontoon bridge on the Yaojiang River, just like the old bridge on the Fenghua River. Of course, its purpose is not only to facilitate crossing the river, but also to control the traffic in Ningbo and make a fortune in China.
Foreigners who want to build bridges on the land of China need the approval of the Qing government. But at this time, Enemy at the Gates, Taiping Army and corrupt Qing government had no time to take care of their own affairs, so Jefferson took the opportunity to assemble workers, bring materials and build pontoons without authorization. It is lined up by 18 wooden boats, paved with wooden boards and hinged with cables. At first, the bridge site was located at the head of Guandi Hall in Yanchangmen (near jiefang bridge today). Because it is too far from the city center, I moved to my present position in the second year, directly from Taohuadu in Jiangbei to Dongdumen.
After the completion of the Xinhe Bridge, the British consul sent patrol guards to charge each pedestrian four pence for "buying the road".
In the old days, it was the custom in Shang Yong: Every year in the fourth and a half months of the lunar calendar, a large-scale god meeting was held to welcome Marshal Wudu. When competing with God, lanterns are colorful and colorful; The people of the four townships rushed to hear the news, and there was a sea of people and a lot of excitement. On April 13th, the eighth year of Tongzhi (1May 24th, 869), when the procession to greet God passed through Xinjiang Bridge, it continued to patrol the bridge regardless of the crowded people, and extorted tolls as usual, causing public dissatisfaction. There was a dispute between the two sides and more and more people gathered on the bridge. As a result, the bridge was overwhelmed, the bridge chain suddenly broke, and more than 400 people fell into the water and died. At that time, there was a folk song: "Look at Yun Tong society, fall under the river bridge, swim to the lower white sand, and mention tofu dregs." The Yun Tong Institution (a famous tournament institution at that time) told the truth of this tragedy, which was also a bloody accusation against imperialism.
In the third year of Guangxu (1877), people of insight in Shang Yong raised 16000 yuan to redeem the sovereignty of Xinjiang Bridge from the British consulate, ending this humiliating history. From then on, people don't have to pay to cross the bridge.
As for the Xinjiang Bridge, Ningbo Tongzhi recorded that the roads along the river were widened in 1899, and the number of pontoons was reduced to 16. 1927 Bridge deck joints are reinforced with arc-shaped iron plates. In 1935 and 1946, the fixed bridge was repaired, but it failed.
New bridge completion
After liberation, the party and the government attached great importance to rebuilding the pontoon bridge. 1953 The wooden pontoon of Xinjiang Bridge was transformed into an 8-hole steel beam concrete pontoon. The load capacity is increased to 7.8 tons, and cars can pass in one direction, greatly improving the safety situation.
1970 September, a three-hole reinforced concrete hyperbolic arch bridge, now Xinjiang Bridge, was built. At that time, it was called "Anti-imperialist Bridge" (renamed after the Cultural Revolution). With the development of urban construction in Ningbo, the "non-stop" old pontoon bridge frequently exerts "waste heat". 1972 moved to the present site of jiefang bridge, and set up a passage between Jiefang North Road and Daqing South Road. Because the Yaojiang River here is wider than the original bridge site of Sanjiangkou, and the length of the pontoon bridge is not enough, a fixed concrete bridge is connected locally. 198 1 year, the pontoon bridge moved to the present Jiangxia Bridge, which became the link between the most prosperous Zhongshan East Road and Jiangdong Dahe Road (now the extension of Zhongshan East Road), until the new Jiangxia Bridge was completed in 1990. ...
I remember when I was a child in the forties and fifties of last century, I was always happy and nervous every time I crossed the Xinhe Bridge. I live in Haishu District, and I usually go to kindergarten and study nearby. Whenever I need to cross the Xinhe Bridge, I always go to the boatyard on the north bank of Hebei and Shanghai with adults, so I am extremely happy. However, every time I walk across the Xinhe Bridge, the gap between the bridge plates at my feet is two or three fingers wide, and the surging river water I see through the gap will make me feel scared when I am young. I was afraid of accidentally falling into the river through the gap, so I held the adult's hand tightly and crossed the bridge carefully and quickly.
Because it is a pontoon bridge built by wooden boats, the Sanjiangkou is directly connected to the sea. Whenever the tide rises and falls, the pontoon bridge will follow the tide. At high tide, the pontoon bridge rises high and its ends bow upward. At this time, pedestrians get on and off, just like going up and down the mountain. People are fine, but rickshaws and hand-drawn carts are very difficult. So there was a special business-some people waited on the bridge, saw a rickshaw coming, and went up and pushed it onto the bridge; When the car on the bridge comes down, tie it up from behind with a rope and pull it to help it slow down, otherwise the rickshaw will rush down the bridge like a slide, and maybe someone will roll over! Just push and pull, and the passengers on the bus give them a few pence. I remember that San Mao in San Mao's Wandering Story did this job. The strangest thing is that whenever a big ship passes under the bridge, the pontoon bridge has to be temporarily called "broken bridge": the anchor chain connecting several pontoons is removed, "pulled" out of the pontoon bridge and supported to make way for the big ship to pass. Because the pontoon bridge is not like a fixed reinforced concrete bridge, the bridge body can be built very high; The pontoon bridge floats on the water by boat, and the height of the bridge deck can only be as high as that of the hull above the water, so a bigger boat can't cross it. Whenever this happens, people who want to cross the bridge have to wait. Once, I saw a sailboat driving under the Xinhe Bridge. Although the sailboat is not very big, the mast is very high and the pontoon will be sawed off. It took more than half an hour to unload the chain rope, move the pontoon, cross the sailboat and repair the bridge.
These inconveniences were not completely changed until 1970 Xinjiang Bridge was converted into a fixed bridge. The bridge was opened to traffic on September 30th, just before the National Day. I saw colorful flags flying and traffic on the bridge weaving; People rushed to tell each other and left first; At night, the flashlights on the railings are on and flashing on the river ... The spacious and magnificent Xinhe Bridge has brought a lot of convenience and happiness to the people of Ningbo!
Starting point of the bridge
Unfortunately, due to the historical constraints at that time, there were many defects in the design, construction and site selection of this new river bridge, which led to premature aging in recent years. To this end, Jiangxia Bridge began to limit the number of odd and even numbers.
With the deep imprint of the wheel of the times, the Xinjiang Bridge with a history of 100 years is gradually leaving us. ...
Xinjiang Bridge, Ningbo people will say goodbye to you; Will usher in a more brilliant new life for you!
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