Gu hongqiong
Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital 3 13000
Abstract: Pinellia ternata is one of the earliest recorded varieties of traditional Chinese medicine. Technical records began in the late Han Dynasty. According to the different processing accessories, there are clear Pinellia ternate, Jiang Banxia Pinellia ternate, processed Pinellia ternate, green salt Pinellia ternate and Beijing Pinellia ternate. This paper summarizes the different processing methods of Pinellia ternata, summarizes the different processing methods of Pinellia ternata and their different clinical applications, and compares them to provide help for clinical convenient application.
Keywords: Pinellia ternata; Processing method; efficacy
Pinellia ternata is the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata. )Breit。 Most of China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan can grow. Different names include taro, three-leaf Pinellia ternata, Wendi, taro and Hegu. Pinellia ternata is pungent, warm and toxic, and has the functions of eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, reducing adverse reactions, stopping vomiting, reducing swelling and resolving hard mass. Can be used for treating cough and asthma due to excessive phlegm, dizziness due to excessive phlegm, dizziness due to wind-phlegm, headache due to phlegm syncope, vomiting, nausea, fullness in the chest, and plum blossom gas. Before the Han dynasty, there was a prescription for "treating Pinellia ternata" (Neijing). During the Han and Tang dynasties, there were mainly methods such as washing soup (Han Yuhan), making ginger (elbow of Jin Hou), boiling in water (Zhu) and micro-cannon (Jin). From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were koji making (Zheng), alum making (Song Zonglu), ginger alum making (Song), ginger radish making (Song Chuanxin), ginger licorice making (Song) and wine ginger making (Ming Puji).
Pinellia ternata has different effects according to different processing methods. External treatment of carbuncle swelling and phlegm nucleus; Ginger is mostly used to reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting; Pinellia ternata is mostly used for eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm; Pinellia ternata has the functions of dispelling wind, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, promoting fluid production, lowering qi and relieving sore throat; Pinellia ternata with bamboo for those with turbid phlegm and yellow thickness; Pinellia ternata in Song Dynasty is similar to Pinellia ternata in Xi 'an, but purer than Pinellia ternata in France. It is suitable for people with physical weakness and excessive phlegm. Suzhou Pueraria Pinellia Thunb has a remarkable curative effect on asthma of cold-dampness-phlegm turbidity type. Pinellia ternata is a typical representative of processed products of traditional Chinese medicine, with various processing methods and different effects, as follows:
1. Take raw Pinellia ternata, wash the impurities, and sieve off the ash. Raw Pinellia ternata is toxic. Modern studies have found that the toxic effect of raw Pinellia ternata is mainly a strong stimulation to mucous membranes such as eyes, throat and gastrointestinal tract. The effective components of Pinellia ternata are complex, including alkaloids, sitosterol, amino acids, organic acids, Pinellia ternata protein and so on. Some scholars have found that Pinellia ternata protein has the activity of affecting the function of ovarian corpus luteum, which reduces the level of endogenous progesterone, leads to decidual degeneration, and the embryo loses decidual support and aborts [2]. Therefore, Pinellia processed products should be used for the treatment of pregnancy vomiting, and raw Pinellia should be used with caution or forbidden. Raw Pinellia ternata is mainly used for external use, or made into balls to reduce the dosage [3].
2. Wash Pinellia ternata, separate Pinellia ternata and Pinellia ternata, and soak them in 8% alum water for 2-3 days (4-5 days in winter) until there is no dry heart inside and the taste is slightly hemp. Take it out, wash it, cut it into thick pieces and dry it. Every 100kg of Pinellia ternata, 20kg of alum is used. The double salt of aluminum in alum is easy to combine or adsorb with the toxic components of Pinellia ternata, thus reducing the toxicity of Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata is long and expectorant, which can be used to treat cough and phlegm dampness, phlegm white and easy, chest tightness and diaphragm, nausea and vomiting, and lethargy of limbs. Some scholars believe that the antitussive and antiemetic effects of Pinellia ternata are related to ephedrine and sitosterol [4]. Yang et al. determined the content of ephedrine in different processed products by HPLC: raw Pinellia ternate > processed Pinellia ternate > Jiang Banxia > cleaned Pinellia ternate [5].
3. Pinellia ternata was isolated from Jiang Banxia. Soak in clear water until there is no dry heart inside, slice dried ginger, decoct in soup, add alum and Pinellia tuber, cook thoroughly, and take out. Air drying to semi-dry, slicing and drying. Pinellia ternata 100kg, ginger 25kg, alum 12.5kg. Alum processing can reduce toxicity. Ginger and Pinellia ternata both contain some of the same chemical components, and there is a synergistic effect between them, which can increase the efficacy of warming the middle warmer, resolving phlegm and stopping vomiting. Jiang Banxia is good at stopping vomiting, which is often used to treat stomach qi and nausea and vomiting. It has been reported that the mutagenicity of Jiang Banxia has been discussed, so we should be cautious in clinical application to pregnant women, especially in the early stage of embryonic development, so as to avoid adverse effects on the fetus [7].
4. Take Pinellia ternata to separate the size, soak it in clear water until there is no dry core inside, and take it out. Adding lime solution of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (decocting Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch in water twice, mixing decoctions, and pouring into lime solution made of appropriate amount of water) for about 4-5 days, stirring 1-2 times a day, keeping the pH above Ph 12, and taking out. Wash, dry in the shade or air dry. Every 100kg of Pinellia ternate, 1kg of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, 10kg of quicklime. After processing, the toxicity of Pinellia ternata is reduced and the expectorant effect is enhanced. After soaking in lime water, its dryness and dampness are enhanced, and it is better at eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, so it is often used in Chinese patent medicines. For example, Pinellia ternata in Xiangsha Yangwei Pill is used to treat stomach cold and qi stagnation and epigastric fullness, that is, processed Pinellia ternata. It is reported that raw powder of Pinellia ternata is used for tabletting, and the oral dosage is 3g. According to 102 cases, it has good curative effect on chronic bronchitis [8].
5. Take clean Pinellia ternata, divide it into different sizes, add clean water to soak the powder surface for 33cm, soak it for 3 days (changing water 2-3 times a day), and soak it in 2% alum water for 5- 10 days (changing water every 2 days 1 time); Then soak in 1% alum water for 15-20 days (change water every 1-2 days/time). Finally, soak it in clear water for 3 days (change water 1-2 times a day) until the tongue has no numbness or slight numbness, take it out, dry it in the sun, and break it when used [9].
6. Take a catty of Pinellia ternata, a catty of lime and seven or eight bowls of boiling water, put them into a basin, stir them in the basin, stir them by hand, expose them to the sun and night dew for seven days, take them out and dry them, wash them with well water for three or four times, soak them for three days, and change the water three times a day. Take it out and dry it, and scald it with a catty of alum and boiling water for seven or eight times. Change water three times a day, take it out, control drying, and add this medicine, licorice, mint, clove, cardamom, San Qian, Pogostemon, immature bitter orange, radix aucklandiae, rhizoma Chuanxiong, cinnamon, dried tangerine peel, immature bitter orange, Schisandra chinensis, green tangerine peel and Amomum villosum. * * * Fourteen flavors, sliced, boiled in 15 bowl, cooled, put Pinellia ternata in a pot, soaked for 27 days, stirred in the sun and night dew, took out the medicine, wrapped it in white cloth, put it in a hot pit, and dried it separately from Pinellia ternata when holding the incense in a three-column position with a vessel [10].
7. Pinellia ternata is made into Pinellia ternata tablets, which are stirred with the lower medicinal juice to be completely absorbed; Dry. 65438±00kg of Pinellia ternata, 0.65438±09kg of dried tangerine peel, 0.65438 03 kg of perilla frutescens, 0.65438 03 kg of chlorite, 0.06 kg of Schisandra chinensis, 0.65438 03 kg of Trichosanthes root and 0.06 kg of Cynanchum stauntonii.
8. Prepare slices of Pinellia ternata with green salt, mix well with green salt water, blot and dry in the sun. Pinellia tablets per dose 10kg, green salt 0.3 1 kg [10].
9. Pinellia ternata with bamboo juice
9. 1 Take Jiang Banxia, add bamboo juice, stir well until it is completely absorbed, and dry. Jiang Banxia 100kg each, bamboo juice12.5kg [11].
9.2 Take raw Pinellia ternata and soak it in water for 8-24 hours, fully moisten it until there is no white heart, cut it into thick slices, mix it with alum ginger juice, marinate it until it tastes slightly hemp, remove astringency, air dry it, mix it with bamboo juice and suck it dry. Pinellia ternata 100kg, bamboo juice 25 kg [12].
10. First, clean the slices of Pinellia ternata with vinegar. Slice Pinellia ternata every 100kg, add 20kg vinegar in boiling water, spray evenly, suck for about half an hour, then put it in a hot pot and stir-fry with slow fire until the vinegar is dry and the surface is light black and yellow. Take it out, let it cool, and then bake Pinellia ternata with vinegar [13].
1 1. Pinellia ternate tablets are removed first, and pig bile 1kg is added to every 100kg Pinellia ternate tablets, and dissolved in boiling water. Spray the bile juice into the slices of Pinellia ternata, soak for about half an hour, then put it in a pot and fry with slow fire until the bile is dry and the surface is light black and yellow. Take out and cool to make Pinellia ternata [13].
12. Banxiaqu
12. 1 Pinellia koji: soak Pinellia decoction for 9 times, dry it in the sun, use it with pain or fry the paste, or wring the juice until it is as big as marbles, wrap it in paper or paper, pack it in a straw box for 7 days, and take out the hanging wind smoke. The longer the better [14].
12.2 Xia Tianqu: Xia Tiangao, which is refined from beef sauce, is named after the end of Xia Banxia. For the treatment of chronic diseases, the straw box should be made according to the seven-day super-bending method, and the yellow clothes should be hung in the wind for as long as possible [15].
12.3 red Pinellia ternata: Big Pinellia ternata, washed in soup for seven times, baked and washed again, so for seven turns, soaked in thick rice for one night, soaked in alum once and a half each time, soaked in warm water for five days, and baked. Five points for every two dragon foods. Sand is dyed by clothes. First, arrange the lamps one finger thick, arrange the Pinellia ternata on the table, then cover the rushes with one finger thick, bake them with fried beans, and take the medicine when they are dry [15].
Summary: From the whole processing history of Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata has a long history of being used as medicine, and new processing methods have appeared in every era. On the one hand, the purpose of processing Pinellia ternata is to reduce toxicity and ensure the safety of medication, which has been expounded by ancient scholars. On the other hand, in order to change the medicinal properties of Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata is processed with various auxiliary materials, thus expanding the application range of Pinellia ternata and improving its clinical efficacy. Different processing methods of Pinellia ternata have different effects, and various processed Pinellia ternata products have their own emphasis in clinical application. When using, it should be used carefully according to the needs of the disease, and the medicine should be used safely and scientifically.
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