The number of computer professionals in China is less than 1 10,000. With the adjustment of economic structure and the further implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and technology, science, industry, national defense and education need a large number of high-quality computer professionals.
(1) The shortage of IT talents is a worldwide phenomenon, with a gap of 20% to 30% in many countries. The gap of IT professionals in Europe will reach 6.5438+0.7 million in three years. By 2006, the United States will lack 670,000 computer professionals. There is a shortage of computer talents in developed countries, so they need to be recruited from China, India and other places. The German government decided to grant 20,000 non-EU computer experts special work permits to make up for the shortage of personnel in Germany.
(2) With the development of China's information industry, the demand for all kinds of talents has increased substantially. China will take the road of new industrialization, and from 10 to 15, IT will be the key area of IT development in the world. In the next five years, China will invest 500 billion US dollars in the information industry, and its market size will double that of 2000, and it will continue to maintain a high growth rate of more than 20%. The proportion of GDP to GDP will increase from 4.5% in 2000 to 8%. According to the calculation of relevant experts, in recent years, China should train more than 200,000 computer professionals every year to meet the needs of society.
(C) The key to the development of China's software industry is talent. Software industry has become an important part of the world economy and an important growth point of the new economy in 2 1 century. With the continuous expansion of R&D strength and market scale of China software industry, the growth rate of sales has been maintained at around 35% in recent years. At present, there are about 400,000 software employees in China, of which less than 250,000 are specialized in software technology. In the next three to five years, there will be a talent shortage of 400,000 in China software enterprises.
(d) There is a great demand for talents in coastal and developed areas. The investment of Beijing North Microelectronics Industry Base spans 15 years, with an investment of 30 billion US dollars. Shanghai will build a "microelectronics industrial base", and the tenth five-year plan will introduce industrial investment of 654.38+0 billion US dollars. Shenzhen is also known as one of the "five best bases for global new economic companies". The coastal and developed areas have vigorously developed high and new technologies with the information industry as the main body, providing a broad market and opportunities for computer talents. Graduates tend to flow to economically developed areas, and the employment competition of computer talents in developed areas is more intense.
Employment Status of Computer Major in Our University
200 1/Statistics on Employment of Computer Major in School of Computer and Information Engineering in 2002 (Table1)
Employment units, professional universities, graduation companies, civil servants, telecom financial enterprises, middle schools, overseas news, total unemployment
Grade 97 is1042162411453.
The percentage is 5.37.53911.33.87.51.81.87.5100.
Grade 98 is1737171kloc-0/53127319122.
Percentage13.9 30.313.19.04.12.5 0.8/0.65.7 2.515.6100.
00 college students 8 20 10 9 4 2 4 2 2 65
Percentage12.3 30.816.513.8 6.23.16.23.13.10/00.
(The statistical deadline in the table is September 30th of that year. Three of the four unemployed students in Grade 97 were admitted to graduate schools in 2002. Among the unemployed students of grade 98 19, 1 1 is preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, and 4 people apply to go abroad. )
Statistics on Employment Units of Computer Majors of Computer and Information Engineering College in 2003 (Table 2)
Total of universities, companies, government agencies, military units, financial enterprises, middle schools, etc.
Unit number 56 22 6 7 6 30 32 4 163
(The deadline for statistics is March 20th, 2003, and only local units in provincial cities are counted, including 53 units outside the province).
Fourth, face the problem directly.
With China's entry into WTO, economic development is more and more directly influenced by the international economic environment. Under the influence of the economic recession in the United States and the world and the setback in the development of IT industry, the employment rate of computer major in China in 2002 dropped by more than 5 percentage points compared with the previous year, and the employment situation was obviously worse than that of the previous year. First, the demand of IT companies is decreasing, especially undergraduates. Second, the employer is "picky" in selecting people, and chooses the best among the best; The "employment difficulty" of computer major began to appear.
(1) With the popularization of higher education, the social demand for undergraduates is increasingly concentrated in famous universities, and the primary employment rate of local college students will decrease year by year. In 20001and 2002, there were 62,000 and 90,000 computer majors respectively. By the end of 200 1, the total number of students majoring in computer science was 586,000. In 200 1 and 2002, there were 2,790 and 4,050 graduate students majoring in computer science in China, which were far from meeting the social demand and the contradiction between supply and demand was prominent. The social demand for undergraduates is increasingly concentrated in famous universities. The one-time employment rate of key universities is over 90%, and that of local universities is 60% to 90%. The employment situation of junior college students is grim, and the one-time employment rate is less than 50%. In recent years, local colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment scale, and employment has suffered the most. Take the computer major in our school as an example: 82 students graduated in 200 1 class, 239 students graduated in 2002, 3 12 students graduated in 2003 and 378 students graduated in 2004. By the end of June 2002, the one-time employment rate of computer major in our school was 70%. According to this employment rate, by June 2003, nearly 100 students majoring in computer science in our school will be unemployed, which shows that the employment situation is grim.
(B) Graduates' employment expectations remain high. It is not difficult to find a job as a computer major. The problem is that the expectations of many graduates are divorced from the needs of society and the possibility of reality. In an employment survey, Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen are the first choice for graduates, accounting for more than 72% of the students interviewed. There are more than 6,000 software companies in China, of which 55% have fewer than 50 employees and 42% have between 50 and 200 employees. However, graduates are mainly large enterprises, and their goals are too concentrated. The average monthly salary required by graduates is 2244.6 yuan, of which 53% choose more than 2000 yuan. Students don't want to work in the countryside, especially computer majors. According to statistics, only 2.4% of students majoring in computer science in our school went to the county for employment in 20001and 2002.
(3) Poor employment channels. The marketization degree of talent and labor force allocation in China is low, so it is difficult to realize the optimal allocation of talent resources. Many units are in urgent need of computer professionals, and many graduates are engaged in simple jobs such as entry clerks, which has caused a serious waste of computer talents. According to a survey, 60% of students think that the biggest difficulty in employment is that there is too little information.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) personnel training
Computer major is a new discipline with high technology content, fast knowledge updating, interdisciplinary, high degree of internationalization, wide application and strong service. It requires students majoring in computer science to broaden and deepen their foundation with innovative and practical abilities, improve their overall quality, and have extensive and multi-level adaptability. Under the impact of the spring tide of market economy, some students only pay attention to skills learning at the operational level, while others only pay attention to postgraduate courses, ignoring systematic theoretical knowledge learning, basic thinking training and innovative ability training, which will weaken the stamina and adaptability of development. In order to improve the employment rate and quality of students, our computer major should cultivate four kinds of talents: academic, foreign language, compound and applied.
(1) Academic students should have good mathematical literacy, a high level of foreign languages and a solid professional foundation, cultivate their ability to engage in scientific research and development in the future, and encourage them to apply for graduate students.
(2) To cultivate foreign language computer talents, we can adjust the curriculum and strengthen English teaching. English is a language tool for learning to use computer technology. India is a big software country next to the United States, which benefits from its English human resources to some extent. In order to participate in international competition and form an export-oriented industry, China's software industry must improve the foreign language level of computer talents. Foreign language computer talents have obvious advantages in the competition for IT talents in coastal areas.
(3) The development trend of computer science is more and more obvious. Computer majors should take relevant courses of electronics, communication, architecture, information management, finance and economics, law, advertising, news and other majors, which will not only help students broaden their employment channels, but also deliver much-needed compound talents for emerging industries in China.
(4) Cultivate applied technical talents who integrate disciplines, technology and industrial thinking. For a long time, China's computer education has focused on theory to a certain extent, ignoring the cultivation of engineering consciousness and engineering practice. Due to the shortage of funds and many other factors, the number of students majoring in computer science in our school is too small, and the problem of practice base has not been well solved so far. It is necessary to create conditions to jointly run schools with universities, research institutes and enterprises at home and abroad to cultivate talents. We should learn from the experience at home and abroad, directly introduce the internationally popular IT software training scheme into the teaching process, or directly integrate the qualification certification of famous IT companies into elective courses (encourage students to obtain various IT certifications), and cultivate international practical talents in industries and enterprises. The computer major in our school should cultivate practical IT talents in the fields of software design, database, e-commerce and network management.