standardization
standard
reliability
term of validity
Second, what are the conditions for learning psychology?
It is possible to learn psychology without foundation, because everything we say and do in life is a kind of psychology. The general learning process is as follows: 1. Professional training goal of psychology major: Professional training goal: This major trains senior professionals who have the basic theories, knowledge and skills of psychology and can engage in psychological research, teaching and management in scientific research departments, colleges, enterprises and institutions. Professional training requirements: students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of psychology, have been trained in psychological scientific thinking and scientific experiments, have good scientific literacy, and have the basic ability to conduct psychological experiments and psychological measurements. Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology; 2. Master the basic theories, basic knowledge and empirical research methods of psychology, master relevant statistics and measurement methods, and have the ability of comprehensive analysis, data processing and computer application; 3. Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors; 4. Understand the national science and technology and intellectual property policies and regulations; 5. Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and latest development trends of psychology; 6. Master the basic methods of information inquiry, document retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges. Main courses: main subjects: psychology, biology, computer science and technology. Main courses: general psychology, experimental psychology, psychostatistics, physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive science, etc. Main practical teaching links: including mental hospital practice, enterprise management practice, psychological counseling practice, graduation thesis, etc. , usually arranged in 10-20 weeks. 2. Training objectives of applied psychology: Professional training objectives: This major trains senior professionals with basic theories, knowledge and skills in psychology, who can engage in teaching, management, consultation and treatment, and technology development in education, engineering design departments, industrial and commercial enterprises, medical care, justice, administrative management and other departments. Professional training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of psychology, receive the training of psychological scientific thinking and scientific experiments, and have good scientific literacy. Have the basic ability to carry out psychological experiments and psychological measurement, and the ability to apply psychological theory and technology to a related field and solve practical problems. Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology; 2. Master the basic theory, basic knowledge and empirical research methods of applied psychology, master relevant statistics and measurement methods, and have the ability of comprehensive analysis, data processing and computer application; 3. Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors; 4. Understand the national science and technology and intellectual property policies and regulations; 5. Understand the latest development trends and application prospects of applied psychology; 6. Master the ability to use modern information technology for information inquiry, document retrieval and access to relevant information; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges. Main courses: main subjects: psychology main courses: general psychology, experimental psychology, psychological statistics, learning psychology, social psychology, psychological measurement, industrial psychology, educational psychology and clinical psychology. Main practical teaching links: According to the curriculum requirements, it is best to arrange teaching practice from the first grade or in the senior grade. Including mental hospital practice, enterprise management practice, etc. , usually arranged in 10-20 weeks.
Three psychological test requirements
Psychological test, everyone can do it, so it's quite psychological.
Psychologists also do psychological tests to get to know others.
Use psychological knowledge to explain what conditions a standardized ability test should have.
1. Interpretation of the Reference Book "Standardized Testing"
Contrary to non-standardized testing. After the standardized procedures, the exams that meet the following conditions: (1) have a norm, which provides a reference point for the comparison of test scores. (2) A representative set of tests provides a direct and comparable basis for the subjects' work. (3) There are detailed rules for the implementation of the test, including test instructions, time, situation and other rules. To ensure that every subject has the same conditions to be tested. (4) The scoring method is specified in detail to reduce the scoring error.
It adopts systematic and scientific planning and implementation, has unified standards, and strictly tests errors. The following four conditions must be met at the same time: ① there is a norm, that is, the average value of standardized sample groups, which provides a reference point for the comparison of test scores; (2) A group of representative identical test questions provide a direct and comparable basis for the subjects' homework; (3) There are detailed regulations on the implementation of the test, including test description, time limit and test situation. , to ensure that every? .....
2. Explanation of "standardized test" in the tool book
So it is different from the exam, which is generally called standardized exam. Various test scales used in talent selection are tools used by psychology to measure individual ability tendency and acquired knowledge and skills.
Standardized test steps
1, determine the purpose of the test.
2. Make a test plan
3. Prepare a biphasic decomposition table.
4. Prepare the topic.
5. Choose a theme.
6. Formulate strict scoring rules.
7. Prepare test instructions.
What are the conditions for using psychological tests?
Anyone can take a psychological test at any time, but the needs are different, and the direction and purpose of the examination are different.
What are the technical qualifications of psychological test examiners?
Including 1, technical requirements, graduates with bachelor degree or above in psychology, or psychological training courses registered and recognized by psychometric professional committees, which will issue qualification certificates for test users. 2 professional ethics requirements
What are the important conditions for learning psychology?
1. I study psychology. I have a bachelor of science degree in psychology. Of course, I can apply for science. . return
2. Look at your grades, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University and South China Normal University all have good psychology majors. .
We students of psychology will do some personality tests to measure your sexual orientation, that is, what career you are suitable for. You can do such a test in a formal psychological institution to see if you are suitable for studying psychology.
I don't know which direction you want to learn Psychology has many directions, such as psychological consultation, psychological evaluation, research work on psychology and so on.
I think people who are partial to society are more suitable for studying psychology. They should be enthusiastic, open and extroverted in their work and life, like to associate with others, pay attention to interpersonal relationships, be helpful, communicate and cooperate with others with a positive attitude, care about others, be good at observing other people's emotional reactions, ideological changes and other details, and be able to understand and understand other people's feelings. It requires high interpersonal sensitivity and certain plasticity and flexibility. Wait a minute.
Finally, don't choose psychology, because psychology is mysterious and interesting. You can read more books and related materials on psychology. If you go into psychology, you will find that it is an intermediate subject between natural science and social science. Like many subjects, science is practical and may not be what you think. .
What are the requirements and principles in psychological experiments?
Psychological experiments are the research areas of psychologists, which have nothing to do with ordinary people, just like Feng Te Institute of Psychology in the initial special period of psychology, Watson's experiments on * * *, Pavlov's experiments on conditioned reflex and so on. Based on experiments, it is a scientific and logical research, so its principles and requirements vary according to different schools of psychology. On the contrary, many psychological tests are closely related to us ordinary people. Generally, we can judge the tendency of psychological problems through tests, but the principles and requirements of psychological tests are also very simple, which are nothing more than natural relaxation and quiet and independent completion.
What are the prerequisites for becoming a psychological counselor?
A psychological counselor is a person who helps clients solve various psychological problems and has a qualification certificate issued by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, China. It is one of the occupations of health housekeeper, which mainly solves people's mental health problems.
First of all, a qualified psychological counselor should have a good personality.
Personality condition is the first condition to become a qualified psychological counselor. The so-called personality refers to a person's whole mental outlook, which is the sum total of certain inclined and stable psychological characteristics, including temperament, personality, interests, beliefs and abilities. The personality quality of psychological counselors is the pillar of psychological counseling and the most critical factor in the counseling relationship.
What should I do to have a good character? To be a qualified psychological counselor, we must first make clear what the personal purpose is in the psychological counseling industry. If a counselor does not have the personality conditions to help others, his knowledge and skills will not play an effective role. Secondly, a qualified psychological counselor should not only have extensive theoretical knowledge and consulting skills, but also be unable to become a qualified psychological counselor if he lacks the character of sympathy and care, can't be honest with others, can't win trust, and lacks sensitivity to interpersonal relationships.
Secondly, qualified psychological counselors should have rich professional knowledge and skilled professional skills.
It is necessary to master professional knowledge, but it is not enough to have professional knowledge. How to turn these professional knowledge into your own business is very important! Psychological counseling is a major with its own theories, methods and techniques, but the biggest feature is that we are an application part. Personnel engaged in psychological counseling can only take up their posts after obtaining qualification certificates. However, a qualified psychological counselor must undergo special training and training, and at the same time, he must constantly learn the theory of psychological counseling, master the methods and skills of psychological counseling, actively participate in the practical activities of psychological counseling, constantly improve his professional level, and effectively apply the professional skills and theoretical knowledge he has mastered to practical work in order to become a qualified counselor.
Third, there are good mental health indicators.
Psychological counselors themselves are human beings, and they have many desires, such as wanting to be loved, accepted, recognized, affirmed and felt safe. But he has the ability to satisfy these desires outside the consulting relationship, so as to ensure that he can effectively complete the task of the social role of psychological counselor without causing role tension. Psychological counselors also live in the same social environment as most of his visitors, and they will also have various life problems and psychological conflicts, but he can maintain a relative psychological balance and solve his psychological conflicts outside the consulting relationship, so as not to interfere with the consulting work because of personal problems. A qualified psychological counselor should be a happy person who loves life and has good adaptability. Those who are emotionally unstable, often in a state of psychological conflict and unable to balance themselves are not qualified for psychological counseling. In the process of theoretical study and practical operation, we should pay attention to constantly adjusting our psychological state to keep our psychology at a healthy or basically healthy level. This is the primary psychological quality that mental health workers should have, and it is also the spiritual basis for psychological counseling. It should be said that it is difficult for anyone living in today's social environment to be psychologically "absolutely healthy", and so are mental health workers. Psychological counselors sometimes have "psychological cold" or often feel "psychological hunger and thirst", and need "tutor supervision", "partner consultation" or talk to relatives and friends and vent. But as a qualified psychological counselor, his mental health indicators should be above average.
Fourth, comprehensive quality.
1, the ability of self-cognition, self-cognition, self-analysis and self-adjustment is a compulsory course for a qualified psychological counselor. Each of us has a blind spot in life, and so do counselors. Of course, we don't want visitors to help us find our own blind spots, although many times, I think we should do these things well before meeting visitors. A qualified consultant should be able to analyze himself. Before we say that we are consultants, we first know that we are human beings, and we will have some negative emotions such as depression. At this time, self-adjustment is very important. I think everyone should have the same view!
2, rich social knowledge to do psychological counseling work is not to go to the vegetable market to buy food, you can decide what you want to eat. In consultation, we will meet people with different cultural and environmental experiences, and they will ask us for help. Many people's problems are unique, all related to his various background factors. We know that it is much easier to form a diagnosis than to find a targeted solution to the problem. Why? Because there are many factors, psychological counselors should analyze and face them together with visitors. Let's think about it. If you don't understand society, people and cultural laws, how can you do this consultation, just those very professional theories and skills? You can't. So I think an excellent consultant should have rich sociological experience or knowledge, because we are dealing with a complex person. You should pay attention to what happens in society, especially this changing society!
3. A positive outlook on life People with mental health are mentally positive. Competent consultants are active, optimistic and energetic in their work and life outside the consulting relationship. Such people can bring their optimistic attitude of loving life into consulting work. When they consult, on the one hand, they can let the disheartened people regain their courage in life; On the other hand, you won't run out of energy. They don't regard consulting work as a burden, so they can bring enthusiasm and vitality to consulting work. Psychological counselors should not only use superb technology to heal people's wounds, but also use their noble and sound personality to give visitors a positive infection and influence. When I first studied psychology, I learned that psychological counselors should remain neutral in the consultation process, but after some consultations, I found that it is impossible for psychological counselors to be completely neutral in the consultation process, and their values will be inadvertently revealed, which will affect visitors. If this effect is positive, I regard it as self-opening technology; If it is negative, I regard it as negative empathy. We certainly don't want the latter, so what should we do? Since we can't be completely neutral, we should show more positive aspects while trying to be neutral, which will be conducive to negotiation. However, it is not so easy to do this. To really do this, we need something inside. I understand it as a positive outlook on life. Only on this premise can you perform better. It is hard for us to imagine that a person who is not confident in himself can help others!
4. Open mind I found such a problem when I first attended the training class for psychological counselors. "The study time here is limited, and many students don't know it, even at the end of the study. How to improve in the future? " ? So I chose the initiative. Under the guidance of this ideological activity, I met hundreds of psychologists and enthusiastic people, and established personal friendship with some people, including people with different backgrounds. Now that I think about it, I'm still secretly happy. It is because of this open mind that I grew up on the road of psychology and have never given up until today. Because of this open mind, my personal professional quality has improved a lot, so I am very grateful to my friends, and I am more determined to take this road of psychological counseling with such an attitude. Understanding the world depends on how open your heart is!
5. Keen observation and keen mind can enable the consultant to gain insight into the consultant's inner world through the consultant's words and expressions during the consultation process, and find things that are difficult for ordinary people to find or easy to ignore from the subtle expressions. Some visitors don't know much about the essence and principle of psychological counseling, so it's easy to beat around the bush at the beginning, talk about some side issues and hide their real problems. A keen consultant can find problems in time and guide the dialogue in depth.
How to achieve these goals. How about becoming a qualified psychological counselor?
1. As the main part of the clinical application of psychology, systematic learning psychological counseling has higher requirements for people engaged in this profession. Without systematic study and mastery of the theories of psychology and related disciplines, it will be difficult in practical work. I think as a qualified consultant, it is necessary to study systematically. For example, attend professional training classes, read basic books for one month, and write more about your own experiences in the process. Continue to strengthen what you have learned. It will be much faster to attend class reunions or exchange salons with the same industry on a regular basis, communicate more and promote mutual progress!
2. As system training is an applied science, the requirements for practical operation ability can be imagined. If you can't use technology skillfully and flexibly, you can't achieve results. Therefore, targeted systematic training is needed, such as setting up professional study groups and conducting simulation training one day a week. This can improve the proficiency of some skills of psychological counseling. Or attend a training class with technical training to improve your technical application quickly!
3. Effectively and correctly locate a qualified consultant or an excellent consultant, who is a consultant with his own direction. A consultant who doesn't know where to go should not be a qualified consultant. This direction can be said to be the learning and application direction of consulting theory and skills, the direction of choosing different groups as consulting objects, and the direction of choosing marketers who want to be an excellent consultant or a consultant. And so on, at a certain stage, we must solve the problem, or we will be confused.
4. The conventional psychological supervision mechanism depends on whether the consultant is qualified. One of the criteria is whether the consultant or advisory body has a supervision mechanism. Psychological consultation is not clinical medicine, and the cases we encounter are basically discussed with other consultants. Even in clinical medicine, we should consult difficult cases. We can imagine that if a person consults alone for a long time and receives cases, there is no communication and supervision mechanism. Where will he go? We will find it dangerous! Therefore, it is necessary to establish a supervised study group of several people and communicate regularly.
5. Case supervision mechanism We are first and foremost talents and consultants. You will influence yourself in the consultation process because of your own experience. You will also encounter situations where you are not sure how to deal with it. What should we do when these come? I think I'll go to my supervisor and ask him to help me with my case or my personal problems.
In short, as a qualified psychological counselor, the first task is to complete self-improvement and growth before counseling, and at the same time, in the process of continuous learning and growth, effectively understand professional theoretical knowledge and technology, and realize effective counseling and treatment process.
What are the requirements for standardized psychological testing tools?
Standardization refers to the consistency of the compilation, implementation, scoring and interpretation procedures of psychological tests, which should have high validity, reliability and norm data. Standardized testing is a systematic, scientific and standardized testing and evaluation process, which includes the standardization of the whole process. Therefore, only when all aspects of psychological test are standardized can the test be called standardized psychological test. The standardization of psychological test is embodied in the use of standardized test materials, unified description, unified time limit, unified scoring and the establishment of norms.
The compilation of standardized psychological tests generally goes through the following steps:
Determine the purpose and objectives of the test,
Make a theme plan,
Edit the topic,
Test and analysis of topics,
Comprehensive test,
Standardized testing,
Determine the test and write test instructions.