Occupation refers to the course of personal career development, which generally refers to the whole process of all posts experienced by a person in his life. The career that a person continues to engage in in his life includes not only the career development process that can be actually observed in the past, present and future, but also his own views and expectations on career development.
Specifically, it is a work experience and inner experience based on individual psychological development, physiological development, intellectual development, skill development and moral development, marked by the certainty and variability of work content, marked by the evaluation of work performance, salary and treatment, and the change of professional titles and positions, with the aim of meeting needs.
A person's career is a long process. Maybe you only engage in one occupation in your life, maybe you engage in many occupations in your life, but everyone wants to find a relatively stable and suitable occupation. How to choose and plan your career is often restricted by subjective and objective conditions such as knowledge, hobbies, opportunities and working environment. Only by changing the original career goals and interests, adjusting the mentality, cultivating the professionalism of the profession, and generating love for the cause in practice, can we concentrate on our work, realize our personal values and make achievements.
Career planning is a systematic project, which mainly depends on two aspects: first, the objective needs of social development, especially the realistic requirements of social occupation; The second is the actual situation of college students or the parties themselves, in which the parties themselves play a major role.
Because career planning is not an implementation plan imposed on individuals by society or schools, but a personalized implementation plan formulated by the parties under the internal motivation, combining the requirements of social occupation and the interests of social development, based on realistic conditions and opportunities, we focus on discussing career planning from the personal point of view. What is its main content? ? Is harrowing more turbulent than exploring oysters? What happened to the trench cable? Are you out of your mind? Ah, Rong? Anxiety shirking? Are you dizzy? Are you stupid? Fight? tired
In foreign countries, some people divide career development into five stages: one is career preparation stage. The typical age is 0. 1.8 years old. Its main task is to develop professional imagination, evaluate different occupations, choose the first job and receive the necessary education. The second is to enter the organization (school) stage. The typical age is 18 25 years old. Its main task is to get a job or choose a suitable job in an ideal organization after learning enough knowledge, skills and information. The third is the early career. Typical age is 25-40 years old. Its main task is to learn vocational skills, improve work ability, learn organizational norms, learn to cooperate with others, gradually adapt to occupations and organizations, and expect future career success. The fourth is the mid-career stage. The typical age is 40 to 55 years old. The main task is to re-evaluate the early career, strengthen or change the career ideal, make appropriate choices for middle-aged life, and make persistent efforts at work; The fifth is the late career. The typical retirement age is 55 years old. The main task is to continue to maintain professional achievements, maintain self-esteem and prepare for glorious retirement. Its characteristic is to adjust the mentality and make plans after retirement.
Some people divide the stages of career planning into five periods, namely, growth period, exploration period, establishment period, maintenance period and recession period, similar to the above division. College students are in the transitional stage of career exploration and career establishment. The main development task is to define the development direction and complete the specific career planning and preparation through career exploration.
How to plan your career?
When you design a career plan for yourself, you are setting a timetable for your goals with a well-trained mind, that is, setting milestones for your life.
Once the career plan is set, it will always remind you of what you have achieved and how it is progressing. A life without a plan is like a football match without a goal: it is boring for both players and spectators.
Step 1: Analyze your needs:
You may ask: how to do this step? Try the following two methods. One is to use your head and write down 10 things you think you should do in the next five years. Be exact, but don't have restrictions and concerns about what you can't do, give yourself enough space. The second is more direct. Complete this sentence: "I am satisfied when I die, if …" Imagine that you are going to die soon. What kind of achievement, status, money, family and social responsibility can satisfy you.
Step 2: SWOT (strength/weakness/opportunity/challenge) analysis.
After analyzing your needs, try to analyze your personality, the advantages and disadvantages of your environment. And what opportunities there may be in life; What are the possible threats in your career? This requires you to try to understand and answer yourself this question: where am I?
Step 3: Long-term and short-term goals
Outline your long-term and short-term goals based on your identified needs, your strengths, weaknesses and possible opportunities. For example, if you analyze that your needs are teaching, high income and good social status, then the career path you can choose will be clear. You can choose to be a management lecturer-this requires that your strengths include rich management knowledge and experience, excellent presentation and communication skills. On the basis of this long-term goal, you can set your own short-term goal and achieve it step by step.
Step 4: Obstruction
Specifically, write down your own shortcomings and the disadvantages in your environment that prevent you from achieving your goals. These shortcomings must be related to your goals, not to analyze all your shortcomings. They may be your shortcomings in quality, knowledge, ability, creativity, financial resources or behavior habits. When you find your own shortcomings, make up your mind to correct them, which will make you make continuous progress.
Step 5: Upgrade Plan
Now write down the action plan you need to overcome these shortcomings. Be clear and have a deadline. You may need to master some new skills, improve some existing skills or learn new knowledge.
Step 6: Ask for help.
It is not difficult to analyze the shortcomings of a person's behavior habits, but it is difficult to change them. I believe your parents, teachers, friends, bosses and career counselors can help you. External assistance and supervision will help you complete this step more effectively.
Step 7: Analyze your role.
Make a clear implementation plan: be sure to be clear about what you will do according to the plan. So now you have a preliminary career plan. If you are currently working in a company, it is very important for you to further improve, and all you have to do is analyze your role. Think about the requirements and expectations of this unit for you. What kind of contribution can make you stand out in the organization? Most people are prone to numbness in long-term work and are not clear about their roles. However, just as any product should have its unique positioning and selling point in the market, you should also do something, something relevant, meaningful, influential but unconventional, to let this unit know your existence and recognize your value and achievements. Successful people will constantly evaluate their output value against the input of the unit and keep their contribution higher than the requirements of the unit.
Eight factors affecting a person's career.
1, professionalism and sense of responsibility
Aggressiveness is the internal energy that makes individuals have goal orientation and moderate vitality. Serious and lasting work is the premise of personal career success, and individuals with enterprising characteristics have the psychological cornerstone of career success. People with a strong sense of responsibility can often choose a suitable goal according to the situation and pursue it persistently and confidently. People with a strong sense of responsibility are easy to succeed in their careers.
Step 2 be confident
Self-confidence provides confidence and courage for individuals to explore and innovate in adversity, and also provides confidence and courage for questioning and criticism. Self-confidence often makes their dreams come true. People who have no self-confidence will become mediocre, timid and obedient. Like challenges, overcome failures and break through adversity, which is the characteristic of strong self-confidence.
3. Sense of self-strength
Although there are differences in people's abilities, many things can be accomplished through subjective efforts as long as one's intelligence is moderate and one is good at summing up experiences and lessons and improving methods and strategies. Therefore, success and failure can be attributed to the degree of effort and the quality of working methods.
4. Self-awareness and self-regulation
Know your strengths and weaknesses, the relationship with the organizational environment, and be good at adjusting your career planning and study time.
Step 5 be emotionally stable
A stable mood can predict technical work. A calm and stable emotional state provides moderate vitality for work. Anxiety and depression can make people nervous, uneasy or powerless for no reason, while fear and impatience can easily get people into trouble in a busy schedule.
6. Social sensitivity
Have insight and foresight on the essence and development trend of interpersonal communication, and be good at grasping the logical relationship between interpersonal communication. Before you act, you should think about the results of your actions, put yourself in others' shoes, be willing to associate with others, and be able to put yourself in others' shoes.
7. Social acceptance
Accepting others On the premise of acknowledging everyone's differences and shortcomings, social acceptance is the basis for establishing a deep personal relationship. Be sincerely interested in others and their words, listen carefully and look at each other when expressing words.
8. Social impact
Persuasion based on integrity and fairness, the spirit, consistency and endurance of promoting others to develop and cooperate. Good at communication and communication. It has the influence of self-confidence and humor on emotion, carefulness and calmness on behavior, appearance and posture on vision, loyalty and integrity on morality.
Life should also have a plan.
Nowadays, planning generally stays in business planning. In fact, life also needs planning. If you plan well, you can not only foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and avoid detours, but also tap your own potential and move towards success faster.
There are three levels in a person's life: study, career and marriage. Everyone likes smooth sailing. Good grades in school, successful career after entering the society, finding a good partner and a happy marriage. However, there are not many people who have successfully passed the "three customs" in life, or even very few. Some people are successful in their studies and can get a master's degree or a doctor's degree at once, but many people have to repeat several times before they are admitted to the university, and a few people are obviously smart, but they just can't get their own level. Even if you pass your studies, starting a career is another matter. A highly educated person can eventually make a career, and the proportion is not large. People with the same education often achieve great success in some undertakings, while some people are down and out for life.
Lenin said: "Planned saving is the greatest saving". Similarly, "the success of the plan is the greatest success". Of course, the plan here refers to planning.
If you want to plan yourself well, you must first have a clear understanding of yourself. One is your personality, and the other is your talent.
What is your personality: extroverted or introverted? Confidence or inferiority? Brave or timid? Extreme or peaceful? Optimism or pessimism? What is your gift: a good memory? IQ? How creative is it? Strong thinking ability in images or logical thinking ability? Do you have any special skills: for example, a good voice, like sports, strong sense of music, like dancing, painting, good at acting and so on.
With an accurate understanding of yourself, it is not difficult to make plans.
Let's talk about school first. If you have a high IQ, you also like to study. At this time, you should make use of your own advantages and try to get a high degree. If you have a high IQ but don't like school life very much, then you don't have to force yourself to study hard there. Why don't you join the society as early as Bill and give full play to your intelligence? 6? 1 door.
If your academic performance is not good, but you have some specialties, you might as well do some professional training in your spare time, which may still be promising.
If your academic performance is average, but you have some personality strengths, such as good eloquence, good eloquence, good communication and good manipulation. Then you don't have to struggle on the single-plank bridge of learning. It seems that few outstanding politicians, diplomats and entrepreneurs have received higher education.
To some extent, learning is only a means, and career is the purpose. Want to study hard, but also for career success. But career and study are completely different. Occupation involves not only your business ability, but also many jobs involve interpersonal problems. In other words, if you can't handle interpersonal relationships well, maybe you won't be so successful at work. It is common for people with poor abilities to be promoted than those with good abilities. It can be seen that personality accounts for a greater proportion in a person's career than in his studies.
In addition, whether a person's career is successful depends more on whether he chooses the right major. If a person's IQ is high, he is naturally smart and full of research spirit, and if he studies science and engineering, he may achieve a lot, but he has chosen a popular major-economic management. Management works with people, but he is introverted and shy, which is not suitable for management at all, and his career is naturally not easy to succeed. On the contrary, what can an active person do while sitting in his study doing academic research? The key to choosing a major is to follow your own interests, not follow the trend to choose a popular major.
The third layer of life is marriage. Nietzsche said: "Matching is the most difficult thing. I haven't found a woman who I want her to have a baby for me. " . Although Nietzsche said a little more, many people know that a happy marriage is hard to find. Therefore, to have a happy marriage, we must be cautious.
Break through the traditional career management
Besides climbing, have you thought about other possible ways of career management? Here are three new ideas to break through the traditional career management:
1. Establish more contacts (know more people) and broaden your circle of influence;
2. Weave stronger hinges (gain more experience and skills) to expand your network;
3. Build your own skill "toolbox" and take your skills anywhere.
Traditionally, the concept of occupation is regarded as a ladder. After people enter the workplace, they all climb up step by step until the top, but this concept has changed in recent years. Why is there such a change in people's concept of life? At the personal level, more and more attention is paid to teamwork, and many jobs are based on projects or teams, so titles can't represent organizational status, and salary and quality of work are the value itself. At the organizational level, in the era of "building an empire" in the past, managing more people meant having more power, and large enterprises in the expansion stage could provide these conditions. However, in the past decade, actions such as enterprise reengineering, cost reduction, flat organization and industrial merger have been frequently dispatched, which is quite different from the past and provides relatively few opportunities for vertical rise.
The stereotype of the word "promotion" is that you will automatically rise to a better position. In fact, the situation today is that you will continue to flow from one project to another, from one team to another, and the focus is "What do you know?" "How suitable are you for this business?" "Where is your added value?" "How much can I get?"
So how to climb up in today's professional concept? There are six successful methods for reference:
1, love your job:
First of all, you must know yourself. A person who loves this job is often willing to make extra efforts than a person who doesn't love this job, so he often performs better.
2. Continuously learn new technologies and management skills;
Due to the increasingly fierce changes in the industrial environment, organizations and employees should constantly learn new skills by themselves, not only to learn new things and learn fast, but also to learn new things and learn fast. Therefore, organizations are increasingly emphasizing "innovation wins" and "innovation wins". In recent years, many enterprises have established internal entrepreneurial systems, which is for this reason.
3. Try to gain some international experience:
If we want to investigate the reasons why the industrial environment has changed more and more fiercely in recent years, "global competition" is a variable that cannot be ignored. Especially for multinational enterprises and multinational enterprises, managers must have a global perspective, so that all branches can play the overall comprehensive effect of enterprises. Therefore, talents with international experience have become hot.
4. Create some new business opportunities that can lead to promotion:
In the past, enterprises often took seniority as an important consideration in the design of salary system, but now many enterprises adopt "broadband" salary system. The difference between this new system and the traditional system is that it combines several grades into one grade, simplifies the wage series and makes the wage level at the same level very different. Another feature is that the managers of each department can decide everyone's salary freely and make it public under a certain budget. The era of the same level, the same rank and the same salary has passed, and the salary fully reflects the contribution and importance of individuals to the company. Perhaps the most famous example is IBM in Taiwan Province Province. In the past, IBM hinted at its concept of lifelong employment, but now it depends entirely on individual's "ability" and "contribution" to determine salary and promotion, so as to attract top talents.
5, put the expectation on the material improvement, rather than control or command more people:
In the past, the higher the class, the higher the salary, which led everyone to break their heads and develop vertically. It is obviously more practical for enterprises to encourage employees to develop in the horizontal direction of skill diversification on the basis of personal ability and contribution instead of taking class as an important indicator of salary.
6. Keep your outstanding performance:
A person's past success does not mean that he will succeed in the future. Therefore, when measuring whether a person can "accomplish something", the reference period of past experience will become shorter and shorter. People will no longer judge your performance by what great achievements you made last year, but by your performance in the past three months, so it is important to keep trying to keep your outstanding performance, not by how outstanding and complacent you were, and create career development opportunities.
How to realize career planning in the company?
Many times, we all think that if we enter a large enterprise, we may enjoy the opportunity to go abroad for training, and someone will make a good career plan for us. In fact, few people pay attention to career planning. Even if you have the opportunity to be sent abroad for training today, it doesn't mean that your company is making personal career plans for you. In fact, most large companies and enterprises will not make personal career plans for most people.
Then, why are so many big companies and enterprises so different from what we thought? What kind of talents do those multinational companies want to cultivate?
Training abroad = career planning?
In fact, as a company, when recruiting employees, the first thing they need to consider is whether employees are valuable to the company. When recruiting employees, the most important thing they need to confirm is whether the recruited employees are competent and competent for the corresponding positions in the company. Of course, from a certain perspective, it can also be said that the company is eager for quick success. However, we should also realize that as far as the company is concerned, they are not charitable organizations themselves, and they have no obligation to provide special training to employees when they first enter the company and give them different opportunities. Because, they think, since they can go through five hurdles and cut six generals, the employees who stand out from the strong candidates will definitely meet their recruitment requirements. Besides, companies pay salaries, and all companies are pursuing profits, hoping for value for money.
After a considerable period of hard work, when an employee does show his outstanding talents, it does not mean that the employee can let the company make personal career planning for him. Even if there is an opportunity to be sent abroad for training, it is often just an encouragement from the company. Mr. Cai, who works in a famous European bank Shanghai branch, introduced us to their company. "In our company, we pay attention to employees' loyalty to the company. Our company's highest reward for employees is to give them a chance to go abroad. When I first entered the company, I thought that as long as I worked hard, I would have a chance to get special attention from the company. Later, I stayed in the company for a long time and gradually understood some management methods of the company. In fact, the company has turned overseas training into a welfare for employees. "I believe that the phenomenon mentioned by Teacher Cai is not uncommon in today's large companies and enterprises. As far as the company is concerned, it is impossible for them to give all the hard-working employees such opportunities because of funds and budget. A considerable number of employees regard training abroad as a thank-you from the company. Therefore, employees who have the opportunity to be sent to training by the company will also be considered as a reward. But if you think this is a long-term plan for your personal career, you will be disappointed.
So, what is the long-term plan of personal career? Is it possible to enjoy foreign training opportunities as the first step in your career? If the company does not make career plans for potential employees, how can it work as an individual?
It should be said that the first thing all enterprises need to face is how to make the company's profits increase year by year compared with the past. The biggest headache for company bosses is how to keep their companies competitive. What those bosses are worried about is how to make the company sustainable. Because, after each fiscal year, the company needs to be responsible to the board of directors and shareholders. Therefore, as an employee of the company, you must also clearly realize that no company can be your final destination. Maybe at a certain stage, this company can let you learn some knowledge from it, but if you expect to learn all the experience and essence in a company, then one day, you will feel lost. Just like you plan to go to Tibet from Shanghai, if you get on a train that only goes to Sichuan, whether you get off or not, you will never get there. But if, on the way, you just take Sichuan as one stop and change trains in time, I believe the result will be completely different. Working in a company is the same, because you can't change the company's business strategy, and the company can't tailor your career plan for you because of your existence. Then, try to learn to give up and change your way. Maybe you'll get something, too. Just like gains and losses, there is a "loss" to "gain".
Of course, if the company can closely link the employee's career planning and development with the company's business development, it will be very beneficial to the company and employees to make them coordinate organically and advance together. For example, the system of active support from the company and employees' active participation in the company aims to give full play to the career planning and development mechanism of each employee's supervisor, so that employees can have a good career development and make good use of the talent resources of the company. In other words, from the perspective of long-term development, the company makes long-term business plans, including long-term development goals of the business and strategies required by the goals. In order to support the implementation of the company's strategy, the company designs the corresponding organizational structure and formulates the relevant personnel demand plan. On this basis, the annual budget of the corresponding number of employees is formed. If the organizational structure designed by the company provides opportunities for career development, it should be given to internal employees first, and you can also consider recruiting people from outside to join the company. On this basis, the company can dynamically manage and evaluate the career planning and development of employees every year. Let potential employees rotate, make diversified development plans for employees, rank employees according to their work performance and development potential, and then give corresponding training according to different rankings.
As far as employees are concerned, after working for a period of time, they can have the opportunity to evaluate their performance with their respective department heads and talk about their career development opportunities. You can communicate with the company's business in two directions, and the final results of each performance appraisal, including the personal development plan of employees and their department heads, will be summarized and reported, so that the company can make necessary adjustments to employees' career planning and development within the possible scope.
"Three Fixed" Principles of Career Design
Career design is of strategic significance and vital to the road of life. If the decision is correct, it will be smooth sailing and successful. Instead, take a lot of detours. A lot of losses, even a lot of troubles and lessons. How to design a career? Here is a "three-determination" principle, which may be helpful and enlightening to you.
First of all, you should "orient", which is "certain". If you set the wrong direction, you will run in the opposite direction, and you will get farther and farther away from your goal. You have to go back and pay a higher price. Therefore, career decision-making must not make "directional mistakes".
Usually the career direction is determined by my major. But the reality is that many people can't choose their jobs completely according to their majors after graduation, and some even have nothing to do with their original majors. It is not surprising that there are many cases of "useless learning", "useless learning" and "wrong major". In this case, you need to seriously consider and choose a career orientation that suits you. Sometimes, in order to get a job, we even have to force ourselves to "fit" into a position we don't like, as long as the profession is in short supply, urgent need or promising. Some students have double degrees at school and obtained several professional grade certificates, so they have more employment opportunities than others and appear superior.
The second is "fixed point". The so-called "fixed point" is to set a place for career development. For example, some people choose to go to the south after graduation, some people choose to go to Shanghai and Shanghai-Nanjing line for development, some people choose to go to the frontier and northwest, and choose to go where the motherland needs it most. This is understandable. As the saying goes, "everyone has his own interests." But all kinds of factors should be considered comprehensively, and we should not be impulsive, impulsive or emotional. For example, some graduates go to the south, thinking that it is the frontier of reform and opening up, with developed economy and high salary. However, it ignored the fierce competition, different concepts, psychological endurance, and even climate, water and soil, and left in a short time. Of course it doesn't matter. But if you choose the right direction from the beginning and develop steadily around a career in one place for a long time, it will help and improve your qualifications and experience. With time and hard work, it is expected to become a veteran in a certain field, isn't it more advantageous? Changing places frequently, here today and there tomorrow, will definitely do more harm than good to career growth.
The third is "positioning". Before choosing a job, you should make a comprehensive analysis of your level, ability, salary expectation and psychological endurance to make a more accurate positioning. Don't be pessimistic, set yourself too low. Don't overestimate yourself and lead to high expectations. Once you don't get what you want, the greater the disappointment. It is your luck to be selected by a well-known big company right after graduation, with high salary and welfare. If you don't meet this good opportunity, don't be discouraged. Don't care too much about the company's reputation and salary. As long as this company and this professional position are suitable for me and what I yearn for and pursue, I should give it a try and try to be hired. Establish the idea of starting from the grass roots, starting from the foundation, gradually accumulating experience and developing step by step. It may be good for your whole life.
In addition to these "three determinations", there is actually a very important "determination", which is "centering". How can you accurately "orient, fix and locate" when you are distracted and willful! But whatever you do, you need to be "centered". Otherwise, how can ordinary people say "the heart is uncertain and the money is dead"?
From a philosophical point of view, "three decisions" is actually to solve the three most basic problems of "what to do", "where to do it" and "how to do it" in career design. If these three problems are solved, career development will be smoother.