As the teacher said, the ethics of psychological counseling is not moral preaching, but involves how psychological counselors deal with difficult/dilemma situations, which embodies a high degree of professionalism, or the ethical awareness and ethical decision-making of psychological counseling complement each other and are inseparable from the professionalism of psychological counseling. Consulting ethics is a kind of value, the soul and umbrella of consultants and consulting industry. The following is a summary and understanding of the basic concepts and ideas, three dilemmas and common consulting problems of consulting ethics.
Defining psychological counseling ethics is a kind of professional ethics. In addition to the basic morality and personal morality in the field of life, it mainly refers to
Connotation ethics contains five factors (Wang Zhihong, 2004).
The significance of professional ethics lies in standardizing practitioners, improving the service level of individuals and industries, establishing and safeguarding the best rights and interests of parties and building public trust.
General principles include charity and non-charity, loyalty and responsibility, integrity, justice and respect for human rights and dignity. We can find the correspondence from China's "Benevolence, Righteousness, Reason, Wisdom and Faith".
The fields involved in domain consulting ethics include
Consulting ethics is not a dogma, it is to weigh and make decisions when faced with ethical dilemmas or dilemmas, so as to realize "the lesser of two evils". Usually, we will encounter three kinds of dilemmas or conflicts: the demand conflict between consultants and visitors, the conflict between consulting relationship and safety, and the conflict between culture and consulting ethics.
As far as the rights possessed by the parties are concerned, they include (rights and welfare): autonomy, interests, freedom from harm, justice and loyalty.
Responsibilities for helping others include:
? Professional responsibility: professional personality training and physical and mental health, vocational skills training; Professional personal experience; Professional ethics and beliefs.
? Moral responsibility: providing qualified professional services; Safeguard the basic rights and interests of the parties; Enhance the trust of the professional public.
? Legal responsibilities: protecting privacy, maintaining communication privileges, early warning and initiating responsibilities; Avoid improper handling or dereliction of duty.
In the actual case operation, we will encounter conflicts between the above responsibilities and rights, between different rights, between principles and cultures. For example, in the first type, it is more common for counselors to use the convenience of the relationship between counseling and visitors or the empathy or multiple relationships of visitors to meet their material or psychological needs; Second, such as the conflict between confidentiality and preventing visitors from committing suicide or hurting others; Third, for example, is it absolutely unacceptable for tourists to give gifts? Wait a minute. In addition to the ethics of the relationship between consultation and interview, there are also behavioral constraints of psychologists and counselors in other social relations and social activities. For example, xu teacher mentioned that in order to please the government, APA executives colluded with the Ministry of National Defense to formulate ethical provisions that were beneficial to the Bush administration's torture of suspects, but ignored basic human rights and the principle of psychological harmlessness, and were exposed to scandals. Later, xu teacher learned that the background at that time was some special measures taken to obtain information for terrorist suspects. In this case, will our ideas be different? Therefore, consulting ethics is not a simple moral issue, and it will face decision-making difficulties and public pressure in actual situations. But the basic principle is:
Combined with common ethical issues, examples and discussions let us further understand the difficulties in identifying, making decisions and handling some common ethical issues in psychological counseling under specific situations. These are not simple moral issues, but also involve culture, human feelings, legal background, as well as the professional quality and personal experience of consultants. The following focuses on the ethical treatment principles and practices of several most common problems.
Sexual behavior and intimacy in the consultation-interview relationship are inappropriate and immoral, which will do harm to both visitors and counselors. It should be absolutely avoided and prohibited. Even if the consultation-interview relationship ends and exceeds the time limit stipulated in the Code, we should still be very cautious. The case introduced by the teacher is vivid, which also shows that in one-on-one consultation, sexual attraction and temptation are easy to occur in specific companionship relationships, and the counselor's ethics, consciousness and conscious self-control are very important. Xu teacher cited a good way to inform her lover when she has a special date with a female visitor, and the ambiguous relationship of the opposite sex can often be effectively avoided through the protective wall of the family.
When the general dual relationship is inevitable, the consultant should fully explain the possible problems with the visitors before the consultation, and clearly set up and sign the informed consent form; If you encounter problems in the consultation process, you should seek help from your peers and supervisors in time. If you can't handle the dual relationship well, you can refer them.
Sometimes using dual or multiple relationships can make better use of resources to help visitors, such as the overlap of teacher-student relationship and consultation-visit relationship, and may make better use of school resources to help student visitors get more relevant support while receiving psychological counseling. At present, EAP services in enterprises are mainly based on employees' psychological support and counseling, while EAP in a broader sense emphasizes integrating resources, solving employees' worries as much as possible, and making employees more active and efficient in their work.
On the common question of whether to accept gifts from visitors, under the premise of not violating the bottom line restrictions such as the amount and nature of gifts, we should focus on analyzing the motivation of visitors or the influence on visitors and treatment effect, and of course we should also abide by the constraints of professional behavior norms, specific regulations of institutions, cultural customs and so on. Returning gifts appropriately is also a way to deal with it.
? Clinical psychologists have the responsibility to protect the privacy of those who seek professional services, and at the same time realize that privacy is bound by national laws and professional ethics in content and scope.
? Psychologists have the responsibility to protect the privacy of those who seek professional services, and at the same time clearly realize that privacy is protected and restricted by national laws and professional ethics in content and scope.
? Exceptions to confidentiality
? When the visitor is in serious danger of hurting himself or others;
? When the visitor suffers from a fatal infectious disease that may endanger others;
? When minors are sexually assaulted or abused;
? When disclosure is required by law.
? Under special circumstances, if we break through the principle of confidentiality, we should still pay attention to protecting the interests and privacy of special groups such as visitors and minors, and disclose them to the right people in the right way in accordance with relevant legal procedures. This is very important. For example, when a case involves sexual assault on children, we must pay attention to protection while telling the relevant parties to do a good job of protection, so as to avoid causing secondary harm to children.
Network consultation is a new trend, which brings a new topic to the management of ethical issues. Grasping the basic principles and paying attention to the implementation of ethics in the technical environment and personal use ability will make the industry management regulations more perfect in practice. During the discussion, I feel that visitors are unwilling to provide detailed personal information. Mr. Xu Kaiwen's course is somewhat different from Mr. Li Ming's novice 50-question answer. Xu teacher tends to be more standardized, and Teacher Li Ming will give it some flexibility mainly based on personal judgment. My personal idea is that these need to be unified on a professional platform first, such as setting certain thresholds such as bank credit reporting or risk assessment, and not providing online consultation if you can't provide relevant materials.
Visitors have the right to choose whether to use internet/telephone consultation during consultation. In addition to routine informed consent, psychologists also need to help people seeking professional services to give informed consent to the following information: ① geographical location, time difference and contact information of remote consultation; (It's best to refer to the current contact time and start consulting after a few hours to avoid making a mistake about the time difference) ② Benefits and risks of applying remote consultation; (three) the possibility of technical failure, and the treatment scheme in case of failure; (4) Emergency handling procedures when the psychologist cannot be contacted. At the same time, psychologists should also inform people seeking professional services of the limitations of confidentiality in the process of electronic records and consultation transmitted through the network.
Finally, I think that the constant self-growth and professional skills improvement of consultants are the basic guarantee for adhering to ethics. Even if you are kind-hearted, if your professional ability is insufficient, you are "deceptive", and you are more vulnerable to other temptations, making ethical choices in the above ethical situations, or not having enough wisdom to break away from rigid dogma. In the psychological circle, it is harmful to the interests of visitors and unprofessional to see some consultants who are not self-grown, have insufficient strength to help visitors and are unable to provide fees or high-priced services.