With the development of urbanization, higher requirements are put forward for flood control, water resources allocation and water environment protection in small towns, which is also an important content of urban construction. This paper expounds the water conservancy problems existing in the construction of small towns in order to explore the requirements and methods of water conservancy construction in small towns.
With the deepening of reform and opening up in China, urbanization is developing rapidly, and the city is changing with each passing day. In order to adapt the nature and scale of cities (urban areas) to the requirements of economic development and sustainable development strategy focusing on environmental protection, small cities and counties are carrying out new planning and construction of existing urban areas. As an important aspect of urban infrastructure, water conservancy undertakes the functions of urban flood control, water supply, drainage, shipping and water environment, and is an important factor of urban ecosystem and landscape system. Therefore, in the construction of cities and counties, more and more updated requirements are put forward for water conservancy construction, especially for comprehensive management of water environment.
1 Main problems faced by water conservancy in small cities and counties at present
1. 1 blindly encroach on urban rivers, reduce the water surface, lead to flooding and destroy the ecosystem.
With the rapid development of urbanization, due to population growth, industrial prosperity and neglect of the environment, in the construction of small cities and counties, driven by economic interests, land use value is high. In order to compete for more soil, blindly occupy rivers and flood storage and detention areas, urban river drainage is changed to pipeline drainage, and facilities such as streets and commercial cities are built on it, which makes the urban water area sharply reduced, the natural storage function is insufficient, the inland river drainage is not smooth, and it is easy to deposit and block floods. Because the area of flood storage and detention area is occupied, the original drainage facilities that meet the design drainage requirements are insufficient; Due to the above reasons, during the rainstorm, man-made new floods occurred, and street water accumulation became a common disease, which increased the occurrence of urban floods.
When urban rivers are occupied, inland rivers are easily blocked by garbage and other sundries, and it is difficult to remove them. The discharge of a large amount of sewage makes the water environment worse, illegal buildings make the environment along the river dirty and messy, and the urban ecosystem has also been seriously damaged.
1.2 urban water conservancy lacks special planning, and urban water conservancy functions cannot be fully exerted.
During the construction of small cities and counties, urban flood control planning has been paid more and more attention. Especially after the "98 flood", scientific and feasible urban flood control plans have been compiled or are being compiled and implemented in various places, but there is no special overall plan for drainage and urban water conservancy as special carriers of urban ecosystem and landscape system, and only a small-scale water system is designed for landscape. Lack of comprehensive consideration of various functions of the whole urban water system, such as flood detention and drainage, industrial and agricultural water supply, urban landscape, etc., makes the ecological functions of urban water conservancy, such as reducing flood disasters, purifying the environment, providing public green space and tourism and leisure, not fully exerted.
Due to institutional reasons, urban flood control planning and urban roads, drainage and other municipal engineering planning belong to different departments. The water conservancy department only carries out river flood control planning, and the urban construction department is responsible for urban drainage and land use planning. The drainage standards of municipal departments are inconsistent with the drainage standards required by water conservancy departments, which leads to the complete separation of flood control and waterlogging control in river courses and urban areas and is difficult to coordinate. From 65438 to 0998, a city implemented urban flood control and waterlogging control project. According to the area of inland river flood storage and detention area and drainage requirements, the installed capacity of drainage station was determined and implemented. After the completion of the project, due to the expansion of the urban area, the location of the flood storage and detention area will be designated as a new urban area, and the area of the flood storage and detention area will be reduced by one third during the construction of the new urban area, resulting in insufficient installed drainage capacity.
2. Solve the water conservancy problems in small cities and counties.
2. 1 special planning of urban regional water conservancy
As an important aspect of urban infrastructure, water conservancy should be planned and coordinated synchronously around the overall goal of the overall planning of a city or county, just like roads and other infrastructure. The special planning report should be formally incorporated into the overall planning content as an annex to the overall planning report of a city (county) and reported to the relevant departments for approval and implementation.
Special cities and urban water conservancy planning should focus on cities and give consideration to rural and urban-rural integration. Ensure the safety of flood control and prevent the economic and cultural life of the city from suffering losses due to floods; Change from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy, reform and improve inland river system, meet the needs of urban development and urban water diversion, drainage and human settlement environment, establish a multifunctional and efficient comprehensive water protection system, and promote urban development and grade improvement.
The main planning projects include flood control, water diversion, drainage and water environment. Flood control is mainly based on the flood control and waterlogging elimination standards determined by the scale of cities and counties and the national flood control standards, and engineering measures such as heightening and strengthening existing flood levees are taken to improve the flood control capacity of cities. Water diversion and drainage is an important part of urban water conservancy planning. It is necessary to plan water sources in a unified way, rationally dispatch water conservancy projects and introduce high-quality water. Through the calculation of storm flood peak and runoff, the drainage outlet in the urban area is determined, and the drainage facilities are improved to ensure that the water can be discharged. The management of water environment is to maintain the water area, and to control the water environment through measures such as dredging, intercepting pollution, hydrophilic revetment, renovation of water conservancy facilities, and three-dimensional greening, so as to achieve the goals of clean, smooth, green and beautiful shores and become an important place for urban public life.
2.2 Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban water system.
River is the birthplace of urban civilization and an important support of urban landscape environment. Due to the poor development and management of urban areas, rivers in urban areas have become urban sewage ditches, and the combination of sewage and flood has worsened people's living environment and restricted the development of cities. At present, people pay more and more attention to the comprehensive management of urban water system. From 1998 to 1999, Beijing has comprehensively managed the water system in the central city, achieving the goal of "clear water, smooth water, green shore and navigation" and achieving social, economic and environmental benefits. 1993- 1997 Chengdu comprehensively improved the Funan River, realizing the integration of economy, society and environment with flood control, pollution control, greening, culture and residence, forming a model of urban sustainable development, which has been widely recognized and praised by people and won the 1997 United Nations Habitat Award. These practices are worth learning from the development of small cities and counties, and we must not embark on the old road of pollution before treatment, occupation before demolition. In the early stage of urban construction, the idea of "people-oriented" was fully embodied, and the synchronous planning, implementation and development of water conservancy construction and ecological environment construction were adhered to, and a good river landscape and waterfront environment were established, which was green and water-dependent, and the urban area was built into a characteristic landscape environment that was integrated with water.
2.3 Accelerate the implementation of integrated water resources management.
Modern urban water conservancy is a comprehensive project, which undertakes flood control and waterlogging elimination, water supply and drainage, pollution control and ecological environment construction. At present, the water resources management system is still that the water conservancy department is in charge of water source and flood control and waterlogging elimination, the urban construction department is in charge of urban water supply and drainage, and the environmental protection department is in charge of sewage discharge. Water control, flood control and waterlogging elimination don't care about urban water supply, drainage and pollution control, water supply and drainage don't care about the relationship between water source, flood control and waterlogging elimination and the upstream and downstream of rivers, and even the drainage standards of rivers and urban areas are not a system, so it is impossible to make overall plans, and it is difficult to arrange water conservancy facilities reasonably and give full play to their functions. Accelerate the pace of comprehensive management of water resources, learn from the successful experience of urban water reform in Shanghai and Shenzhen, involving unified management of water affairs, so that urban water conservancy can implement a unified, efficient and orderly management system, and the water conservancy departments will uniformly plan urban flood control and waterlogging elimination, water supply, drainage and water environment management, study flood control and disaster reduction measures, ensure high-quality water supply and improve people's living standards.
2.4 Increase investment in urban water conservancy.
With the development of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for the coordination and beautification of water supply quality and ecological environment in residential cities (urban areas), and the losses caused by floods are also increasing, and the requirements for water conservancy construction are correspondingly improved, which requires a lot of funds. We should adhere to the multi-channel, multi-level and whole-society water conservancy financing methods.
The government should increase investment in urban water conservancy construction, give play to the guiding role of financial funds, and formulate some support policies to raise funds from beneficiary enterprises and institutions to support urban water conservancy construction.
Raise funds by lending to banks and other institutions. Six districts and cities, such as Shangrao and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, raised funds needed for urban flood control through financial guarantees and low-interest yen loans. At present, the project has entered the bidding stage.
Use market mechanism to raise funds. Comprehensive management of urban water system to increase land appreciation, through legal transfer and other ways to raise funds to raise water.
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