The project started,
Demand analysis,
Target process design,
System establishment,
Officially launched,
Auxiliary operation.
Question 2: How many stages does the information system construction have? Is the task of each stage the development of information system? The development of information system is divided into five stages. The following figure
The life cycle consisting of the following five stages is called the general life cycle of an information system project.
System planning stage
Make a preliminary investigation on the organization's environment, objectives and system status, determine the development strategy of information system according to the organization's objectives and development strategy, analyze and predict the demand for building a new system, consider the constraints of building a new system, study the necessity and possibility of building a new system, analyze the feasibility of alternative schemes, and compile the new system construction scheme and implementation plan into a system planning report after passing.
System analysis stage
According to the scope determined in the system planning report, the current system is investigated in detail, the business process of the current system is described, the limitations and shortcomings of the current system are pointed out, and the basic objectives and logical function requirements of the new system are determined, that is, the logical model of the new system is put forward. The results of the system analysis stage are embodied in the system analysis specification.
System design stage
The task of the system design stage is to design the technical scheme to realize the logical model according to the functional requirements specified in the system specification and considering the actual situation, that is, to design the physical model of the new system. The technical document at this stage is the system design specification.
System implementation stage
The stage of putting the system design into practice according to the requirements of the system design specification.
This stage is characterized by several interrelated and mutually restrictive tasks at the same time, which must be carefully arranged and reasonably organized.
The implementation of the system is completed in stages according to the implementation plan, and the implementation progress report should be written at each stage. After the system test, write the system test analysis report.
System operation and maintenance stage
After the system is put into operation, it needs to be maintained and evaluated frequently, record the operation of the system, make necessary modifications to the system according to certain rules, and evaluate the work quality and efficiency of the system. For the problems that cannot be modified or are difficult to be modified, record them and organize them into new demand proposals regularly to prepare for the new information system project planning.
These five stages are cyclical.
Question 3: What is informatization? What are the main contents of informatization construction? Informatization refers to the historical process of cultivating and developing new productive forces represented by computer-based intelligent tools and making them benefit the society. (Intelligent tools are also called information production tools. It must generally have the functions of information acquisition, information transmission, information processing, information regeneration and information utilization. The productivity of adapting to intelligent tools is called information productivity. Different from the production tools in the past productivity, intelligent production tools are not an isolated and scattered thing, but a large-scale, top-down and organized information network system. This kind of network production tool will change people's production mode, working mode, learning mode, communication mode, life style and thinking mode, and will bring extremely profound changes to human society.
Informatization is a technology based on modern communication, network and database technology, which integrates all the elements of the research object into the database for specific people's life, work, study and decision-making, and is closely related to various human behaviors. After using this technology, it can greatly improve the efficiency of various behaviors and provide great technical support for promoting the progress of human society.
One: Meet the business data processing For small and medium-sized enterprises, the first thing is to meet the business data processing needs. Because the fundamental point of the informatization demand of small and medium-sized enterprises is that the business has developed to a certain amount, manual accounting and statistics can no longer meet the needs of bosses to manage enterprises. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises began to introduce information systems. Second, small and medium-sized enterprises, most concerned about the return on investment, first face the problem of survival, followed by lack of funds. This requires that informatization must be able to truly solve some urgent needs of enterprises and get obvious returns. Therefore, when investing in information projects, they will pay more attention to cost-benefit analysis, that is, what can be obtained through information enterprises, whether it is cost-effective, whether the functions of information solutions are complete, and whether they can solve some specific practical management problems of enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises are unwilling to bear the sunk cost brought by informatization. Usually, they want to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness through informationization, rather than reducing profits to optimize business processes, not seeking big and complete. In a word, enterprise informatization, how they want to do great things with small money, is most concerned about the return on investment-the actual improvement of product sales, the reduction of production costs and the growth of market scale, and they will not engage in some vase projects. Third, product price-oriented informatization needs small and medium-sized enterprises, because small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale and lack of funds, and their survival is unstable. Business owners are relatively strict in cost control, generally pay attention to short-term investment returns, and are very cautious about information investment, which makes them very sensitive to the price of IT products and services, demanding "low price, good quality and high cost performance". No matter how good the product is, they would rather give it up if the price is too high. Therefore, the price is the main consideration factor in the informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises. And those IT products with low price and high performance-to-price ratio occupy the vast majority of the market share. 4. Small and medium-sized enterprises in different industries, regions and levels have differences in information application. Small and medium-sized enterprises of different industries and sizes have different needs at different stages of information construction, and each unit has different management models and different processes. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises lack funds and talents, which leads to the need for practicality and flexibility in IT product investment and solutions and the overall implementation of informatization. Personalized demand is increasingly obvious, and it is impossible to apply the standardized products of large enterprises to implement it. Five: more inclined to full value chain solutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises in China generally have the characteristics of insufficient understanding of information technology, lack of professional talents, lack of network application, and complicated information implementation process. Therefore, in order to better adapt to the impact of information technology and the challenges of the market, small and medium-sized enterprises not only hope that manufacturers can provide a single product and technology, but also long for comprehensive solutions with high cost performance. They can not only provide practical and cost-effective products, but also provide complete and good after-sales service and consulting training, and buy packaged products. Of course, product quality, manufacturer's reputation and service quality are also reference conditions for purchasing. 6. Whether the most popular product of "fool safety product" has the characteristics of "simple, easy to use, fast and safe" is an important concern of small and medium-sized enterprises in information selection. In fact, small and medium-sized enterprises don't need "IT products" with complicated structure and use, and I ... & gt
Question 4: How many stages can the establishment of management information system be roughly divided into? It can be roughly divided into four stages: pre-investigation, product development, online implementation and post-continuous maintenance.
The most important thing is the preliminary research to determine the business scope and product framework of the product; Then the next two stages need to follow up the project progress in real time to ensure the success of the launch and the stable effect after the launch; After the success of the previous stage, it is still necessary to maintain a good state of continuous maintenance to ensure the long-term good use of information system functions.
The above personal views are for reference only ~
Question 5: What is information work, such as what? The so-called informatization means integrating, reorganizing and optimizing important resources such as business, processes and channels of enterprises through computer technology, network technology, software technology, internet technology and intelligent perception technology, so as to improve management efficiency, reduce management costs and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
The initial stage of information work is to introduce computers to help edit documents and handle simple financial forms.
The second stage of informatization is to establish a computer network to realize resource sharing and limited workflow in the office;
The third stage of informatization is to establish enterprise-level information systems, including ERP, OA, HR, etc. , have a preliminary concept of e-commerce;
The fourth stage of informatization is integration, which integrates many isolated systems, establishes enterprise portals, strives to eliminate information islands, and gradually realizes information mining and business decision support;
The fifth stage of informatization is to begin to understand and implement informatization strategic planning, and to guide and formulate enterprise IT strategic planning according to enterprise strategic planning, so as to guide enterprise informatization implementation;
The sixth stage of informatization is to build an all-round enterprise information system security system to ensure the sustainable development of enterprise business.
There will be more stages in the future.
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The above division is only my personal opinion. Now enterprises in China can be said to be in the above stage.
Question 6: What does informatization of construction project management mean? Project management information system is a computer-based project management information system, which is mainly used for project target control. Computers are used to collect, record, store and filter data related to project management, and present the results of data processing to project management members. It is a tracking control system of project progress and also a tracking system of project management information flow. It can run on computer networks and the Internet. Fear of injury Committee
Question 7: What are the modes of informatization construction? First, meet the needs of business data processing.
For small and medium-sized enterprises, the first thing is to meet the needs of business data processing. Because the fundamental point of the informatization demand of small and medium-sized enterprises is that the business has developed to a certain amount, manual accounting and statistics can no longer meet the needs of bosses to manage enterprises. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises began to introduce information systems.
Two: most concerned about the return on investment.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are faced with the problem of survival first, followed by the lack of funds, which requires that informatization must really solve some urgent needs of enterprises and get obvious returns. Therefore, when investing in information projects, they will pay more attention to cost-benefit analysis, that is, what can be obtained through information enterprises, whether it is cost-effective, whether the functions of information solutions are complete, and whether they can solve some specific practical management problems of enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises are unwilling to bear the sunk cost brought by informatization. Usually, they want to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness through informationization, rather than reducing profits to optimize business processes, not seeking big and complete. In a word, enterprise informatization, how they want to do great things with small money, is most concerned about the return on investment-the actual improvement of product sales, the reduction of production costs and the growth of market scale, and they will not engage in some vase projects.
Third, product price dominates information demand.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale, lack of funds and unstable in survival. Business owners are relatively strict in cost control, generally pay attention to short-term investment returns, and are very cautious about information investment, which makes them very sensitive to the price of IT products and services, demanding "low price, good quality and high cost performance". No matter how good the product is, they would rather give it up if the price is too high. Therefore, the price is the main consideration factor in the informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises. And those IT products with low price and high performance-to-price ratio occupy the vast majority of the market share.
Fourth, the demand for personalized applications is strong.
IT applications of small and medium-sized enterprises are often different in industries, regions and levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises of different industries and sizes have different needs at different stages of information construction, and each unit has different management models and different personalized needs of different processes. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises lack funds and talents, which leads to the need for practicality and flexibility in the investment and solutions of IT products and the overall implementation of informatization. Individualized demand is becoming more and more obvious, which can not be applied to the standardized products of large enterprises.
Five: more inclined to full value chain solutions.
Small and medium-sized enterprises in China generally have the characteristics of insufficient understanding of information technology, lack of professionals, lack of network applications, and complicated information implementation process. Therefore, in order to better adapt to the impact of informationization and the challenges of the market, SMEs not only hope that manufacturers can provide single products and technologies, but also long for comprehensive solutions with high cost performance, which can not only provide them with practical and easy-to-use solutions.
Cost-effective products, but also to provide complete and good after-sales service, consulting and training, to buy packaged products and value-added services as the main demand characteristics. Of course, product quality, manufacturer's reputation and service quality are also reference conditions for purchasing.
Six: "Fool safety products" are the most popular.
Whether the product is simple, easy to use, fast and safe is an important concern of information selection of small and medium-sized enterprises. In fact, small and medium-sized enterprises do not need to be equipped with "IT products" with complex structure and complicated use. What they need most is IT products with low initial purchase cost, stable performance, easy use, universality and easy maintenance. Generally speaking, it is necessary to make IT products "fool-like" and get it done with one click. Especially for key customers such as the boss, the simpler the software, the better, and the dumber the operation, the better. The boss is always busy and has no extra time to face the full-screen button operation in the software. Even if the software is fully functional, if he can't find what he wants to see quickly, he will feel cumbersome and refuse.
Seven: first make the products that the boss needs.
The informatization project of small and medium-sized enterprises is the "number one project" and "boss project". If we want to do a good job in the information business of small and medium-sized enterprises, we must serve the boss (board of directors) well. The informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises should start from the boss's desk and be the IT product that the boss needs! If the boss thinks it is unnecessary, it will be very difficult to promote the products in small and medium-sized enterprises, let alone invest in construction. So first of all, let it (mainly software) meet the requirements of the boss and convince the boss to apply it; Secondly, to ensure the smooth promotion and adoption of IT construction, it is very important to do a good job in public relations marketing. Start with the relatives and friends around the boss, do a good job in customer relations, get the boss's good opinion, and the rest will be solved.
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Question 8: What are the basic steps of informatization evaluation? What are the steps of informatization construction? Enterprise informatization construction must take enterprise strategy as the core, and the process of informatization construction should be a process of continuous improvement under the guidance of enterprise strategy. Informatization construction is mainly divided into three stages: demand analysis, type selection and procurement and system implementation. The result of any one of the three stages will directly determine the success or failure of information construction.
The work in the demand analysis stage includes: 1) determining the expected goal of system construction according to the enterprise strategy. 2) Determine the overall framework of system construction, such as main contents, time plan, capital budget, etc. 3) By combing the management organization process, a detailed management improvement and demand analysis document is formed. The work in the procurement stage includes: 1) Determine the technical route and select suppliers according to the results of the first stage. 2) The supplier submits the project proposal according to the requirements document and organizes the product demonstration. 3) Determine the final product supplier through evaluation or bidding, and sign the contract. The work in the implementation stage of the system includes: 1) Working out the implementation plan with the implementation provider in combination with the requirements document. 2) Conduct relevant personnel training, system configuration and trial operation. 3) Online system, subsequent maintenance and adjustment.
Practice shows that many enterprises will choose different consulting partners in the planning, selection and implementation stages, which leads to the disconnection between implementation and demand analysis, deviation from pre-set goals and even project failure. In the implementation stage of the system, the consulting partner who completed the demand analysis in the early stage is in charge and participates in the implementation process all the time, which can not only ensure the smooth transfer of the previous achievements and knowledge to the implementation stage, but also ensure that the implementation direction of enterprise control is consistent with the construction goals set in the initial stage of the project. 1.
The goal of the demand analysis stage is to help enterprises sort out the current organization and process through the early intervention of management consulting, formulate the overall planning of informatization according to the strategic objectives of enterprises, and help enterprises to clarify the demand documents of informatization systems through in-depth demand refining as the basis for the selection and implementation of subsequent informatization systems.
The importance and investment of the project team set up by the top management of enterprises in informatization construction largely determines the success of the project. Informatization construction is the combination of management and IT technology, management is the core and foundation, and IT technology is the tool and means. Establishing reasonable and feasible project objectives, scope and requirements in the demand analysis stage is the premise of project success. Strong organizational guarantee is the key to the success of informatization projects, and enterprises should set up two groups in informatization construction: leading group and working group. The leading group is generally composed of senior leaders with decision-making power, and is responsible for the review of each milestone stage of the project, the approval and confirmation of important matters, and the decision-making level provides various management support for the project promotion process. The working group is generally composed of consultants, key business personnel and experienced IT managers, and is responsible for carrying out the specific work in each stage of the project.
Question 9: What is information construction? Informatization refers to the use of information technology, network technology and office automation technology to reform the traditional administrative management and public services, mainly to meet the arrival of the era of interest rate marketization. This is mainly related to business informatization.
The construction of government informatization includes three basic tasks: the construction of unified network platform, the construction of unified data environment and the construction of key business systems, among which the construction of unified data environment is the most difficult and complicated.
Theoretically speaking, the information construction of institutions is a process of evolution from * * * institutions in the industrial age to institutions in the information age. Specifically, the informationization of government agencies is to apply modern information and communication technology, integrate management and services through network technology, develop and manage the information resources needed and owned by * * *, so as to improve the work efficiency, decision-making quality, regulation and control ability, integrity and expenditure of government agencies, improve the organizational structure, business processes and working methods of * * *, transcend the limitations of time, space and departmental separation, and provide high-quality and comprehensive services to the public.
The informatization construction of government agencies includes three parts: informatization and networked office within government agencies;
Realize information sharing and real-time communication between organs and departments through computer networks;
* * * Departments interact with enterprises and the public through the Internet.
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Question 10: What is information engineering supervision? Information engineering supervision is divided into four stages: project bidding, project design, project implementation and project acceptance. According to the characteristics of each stage, implement quality control, schedule control, cost control, contract management, information management and coordination.
It has become the consensus of * * * departments and enterprises that supervision mechanism must be introduced into information construction projects. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the market scale of information industry transforming traditional industries is about 500 billion yuan. Among them, the informatization of equipment manufacturing industry and enterprise informatization will be the focus and breakthrough of the work. Information engineering supervision mainly includes five aspects:
1, general cable laying project supervision
2, electronic equipment room system engineering supervision
3, computer network system engineering supervision
4. Software storage supervision
5, information engineering safety supervision
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