"Digital Earth" is a multi-resolution and three-dimensional representation of the earth, which can embed massive geographic data. It is a digital representation and understanding of the unity of the real earth and its related phenomena, including all digital spatial data and all text data related to it, as well as all relevant theories and technologies involved in converting data into understandable information and facilitating access. The core idea of "Digital Earth" has two points. One is to deal with the earth problem in a unified way by digital means, and the other is to make maximum use of information resources.
"Digital Land" is the most important part of "Digital Earth", and it is a digital representation and understanding of real land and its related phenomena. The basic characteristics of "digital land" are digitalization and networking of land and resources information and socialization of information service.
Digital land project is the concrete realization of "digital land" and the development, construction and utilization of land and resources information infrastructure. Its main contents are the research and development of modern information technology, the construction of basic database of land and resources, the construction of land and resources information network, the construction of land and resources management information system and the construction of socialized service system of land and resources information.
2 the purpose and significance of implementation
With the coming of 2 1 century, the world is rapidly entering the information society. According to the reality of land management, Zhejiang Province has carried out the construction project of "digital land" throughout the province. The purpose of implementing the "Digital Land" project is:
(1) Realize the digitalization and networking of land management information in Zhejiang Province through the "Digital Land" project. Over the past ten years, land management in Zhejiang Province has accumulated a large number of rich and detailed data, maps and materials. If these valuable details are not managed by modern information technology, it will be difficult to ensure the status quo of the materials, and even lose their due use value in a few years. Therefore, through the establishment of digital land project, the land management information in Zhejiang Province is digitized and networked, and the dynamic monitoring of land resources is strengthened, which not only provides scientific basis for government decision-making, but also provides information services for the whole society.
(2) Promote the development and research of land management information technology and information system through the "Digital Land" project. Traditional manual methods can no longer meet the needs of land management informatization. Through the implementation of digital land project, promote the research and application of land management information technology, develop advanced and applicable land resource management information system, land asset management information system, office automation system and information socialization service system, and promote the modernization of resource investigation and evaluation, land management informationization and information service socialization.
(3) Through the implementation of the "Digital Land" project, the standardization and normalization of land information system construction will be promoted. The implementation of digital land engineering must be based on the national spatial basic data framework and combined with the reality of Zhejiang Province, and provincial norms and standards should be formulated in the aspects of basic data database construction, system development, network construction and information socialization service to ensure real-time data update, information sharing and system interaction.
(4) Through the implementation of the "Digital Land" project, the work efficiency will be improved, the management mode and system will be improved, and the work and management of by going up one flight of stairs will be promoted. By providing various means of inquiry, statistics and virtual reality, detailed land graphics and attribute information are provided to assist leaders in making decisions, improve work efficiency, change management methods, strengthen macro-control, and promote the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of land resources to a new level; In order to form a centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative new system of land and resources management that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, modern technical support and guarantee are provided.
3 implementation content
3. 1 overall composition
The construction of "digital land" project includes the construction of basic database, network, information system and information socialization service system, which is divided into standardization, basic database, information system, information network and information socialization service system. The structure of Zhejiang Digital Land Engineering System is shown in the following figure:
Collection of Papers on Land Resources Monitoring and Investigation Project [2]
3.2 Standardization construction
3.2. 1 target task
Through the implementation of the "Digital Land" project, a series of norms and standards for the collection, storage, processing, development and utilization of land and resources information and mapping output have been explored in practice, and a series of complete, scientific and practical provincial norms and standards have been formed to standardize the whole of Zhejiang Province and assist the state in formulating relevant norms and standards.
3.2.2 Main contents
(1) spatial positioning framework. It provides the same geographical coordinate basis for the input, output and matching of various data information. This coordinate basis can be summed up in three coordinate systems: geographical coordinates, grid coordinates and projection coordinates.
(2) Data classification standards. In order to meet the needs of computer storage, coding, retrieval and analysis, there must be a unified data classification standard. Whether the classification system is reasonable or not directly affects the organization of geographic information data, data connection, transmission and sharing between systems, and the quality of geographic information series products.
(3) Data coding system. The spatial elements stored in geographic information system have the characteristics of space-time complexity and attribute complexity. It is necessary to provide geographical classification and feature description of data information through a coding system that can be recognized by computers, and at the same time, it is necessary to formulate a unified coding standard to realize computer input, storage, data exchange and sharing of geographical elements.
(4) data exchange format. For different sources and forms of data, standard data exchange formats must be provided to ensure that the system accepts, processes and enjoys all kinds of data information.
(5) System construction specifications. The system construction specifications can be divided into a series of development and construction specifications, such as Zhejiang Land Resources Management Related Technical Regulations and Zhejiang Land Property Management Related Technical Regulations. The specification puts forward specific requirements for system hardware selection, software selection, data acquisition, data management, system development, system output, system testing and result report.
3.3 Basic database construction
3.3. 1 target task
Through the implementation of digital land project, a series of basic graphic libraries such as land use status survey, land change survey, land use overall planning, basic farmland protection area planning, agricultural land grading and evaluation, urban land property right registration management, urban benchmark land price and so on are established in Zhejiang Province to realize the digitalization of land resources in Zhejiang Province, thus realizing the effective management of data and improving the efficiency of data query, retrieval and utilization.
3.3.2 Main contents
(1) Land use survey database. In order to comprehensively and accurately reflect the summary results of detailed land survey data in Zhejiang Province, the detailed land survey data of Zhejiang Province 1986 ~ 1998 completed at the end of September were put into storage, and a land use status survey database was established, making full use of the detailed survey results obtained by investing a lot of money, manpower and material resources to realize information sharing.
(2) Land change survey database. In order to ensure the current situation of land use data, the land use status change survey is carried out in time every year, and the land change survey database is established. The corresponding information of the previous year becomes historical information and is saved for future reference.
(3) Land use remote sensing monitoring database. Cooperate with the land and resources monitoring survey project, gradually establish a dynamic remote sensing monitoring database of land use by using remote sensing image data and monitoring results data, and combine the change survey and land statistical data to operate and continuously improve the dynamic monitoring system of land use, forming a top-down monitoring management system and a rapid early warning mechanism of land use change. Through daily monitoring and emergency monitoring of land use, the monitoring database will be updated in real time, and land use monitoring information will be released to the society.
(4) Database of overall land use planning. On the basis of the current situation of land use and the database of land change, in order to protect basic farmland, improve the utilization rate of land and ensure the sustainable use of land, a database of overall land use planning is established to control the total amount of construction land and effectively protect cultivated land.
(5) Planning database of basic farmland protection areas. According to the overall land use planning, establish a database for the planning of basic farmland protection areas to effectively protect basic farmland.
(6) Agricultural land classification database. Combined with the investigation and evaluation of land resources, the agricultural land classification database reflecting the quality of agricultural land in Zhejiang Province, especially cultivated land, is established to provide basic information and scientific basis for farmland protection and agricultural land planning.
(7) Urban cadastral database. Establish 1∶500 county (city) level urban cadastral database, and form a modern management system with the main contents of changing cadastral survey, land registration, cadastral statistics and cadastral information socialized query service. Replace the traditional operation mode with an open, fair and efficient management mode, implement the open inquiry system of cadastral data, and comprehensively improve the socialized service level of cadastral management.
(8) Urban benchmark land price database. Establish the database of urban benchmark land price, and update the urban benchmark land price in real time according to the evaluation model and evaluation factors. On this basis, the renewal, management and socialized service system of urban benchmark land price is established.
(9) Introduction, research and development of database management system. Reference and develop database management information system, manage the spatial information and attribute information of each database in a unified way, and ensure data coordination and information sharing among databases. On the basis of network interconnection, a distributed database is established according to the requirements of storage capacity and reaction time.
3.4 System construction
3.4. 1 target task
Through the implementation of the "Digital Land" project, using the data information of the land and resources database, under the environment of the Internet and the national special communication network, using modern information technology, a computer-aided office automation system is established to improve work efficiency, change management mode and strengthen supervision, so that the work and management level will reach a new level.
3.4.2 Main contents
(1) land resource management information system. Using modern advanced GIS technology, a land resource management information system is established, which is based on the database of land use status survey, land change survey, land use master plan, basic farmland protection zone planning and agricultural land classification evaluation, with the main contents of land use master plan, basic farmland protection zone planning, land use control and agricultural land classification evaluation, and the fundamental purpose of land use master plan implementation management and agricultural land property right management. In order to strengthen the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of land resources, and truly realize land management according to planning and property rights management, dynamic monitoring of land use is implemented. It can be divided into:
-Land use survey information system. The system is mainly to establish a database of land use survey results, including graphics, attributes and necessary statistical summary; Secondly, according to the changed data, modify the contents of the database in time to ensure the current situation of land use data.
-Remote sensing dynamic monitoring information system. The system uses remote sensing data to process images to obtain ground data, uses GIS technology to locate spatial data, and monitors and analyzes land use changes in real time.
-Land use planning management information system. The system compiles the general land use planning and the special land use planning in the way of assisting decision-making, establishes the information base of land use planning, and implements land use control; Monitoring the temporal and spatial changes of land use in the process of planning implementation, and implementing technical, administrative and legal management; At the same time, the benefit analysis in the implementation of the plan is carried out, and the plan is gradually updated and improved in the implementation process to optimize land use.
-cultivated land protection management information system. The system uses GIS technology to extract basic farmland blocks and ranges from the current land use map, establish a basic farmland management database and a management information system to ensure the dynamic balance of cultivated land, thus effectively protecting cultivated land.
-Farmland conversion management information system. According to land use planning database, cultivated land protection database and construction land index database, the system examines and approves agricultural land conversion projects and establishes agricultural land conversion management database. According to the process of land expropriation, the computer management program and the agricultural land expropriation management database are established.
-Construction land management information system. The system is used for the approval and management of construction land projects. The system has the whole process of examination and approval of construction land, which can call the current situation of land use for spatial analysis and selection of project location, audit the project land area by using the construction land index database and the industry project land index database, and establish the construction land management database. The joint examination of construction land projects needs to use land use planning data, cultivated land protection data and land ownership data, which are related to their corresponding systems.
-Land and agricultural land classification and evaluation information system. The system classifies and grades agricultural land according to the influencing factors such as land landform, soil facies, natural environment, land quality, land location, planting system, etc., establishes agricultural land classification and grading models in different regions, establishes corresponding information bases, and classifies and grades agricultural land according to relevant models.
(2) Land asset management information system. According to the scale and types of cities and towns, combined with local economic and technical conditions, a land asset management information system is established, which is based on the initial cadastral survey, land registration database and urban benchmark land price database, with land change registration as the main content and land market transaction management as the goal. Realize the modernization of cadastral workflow, digitalization of data management and networking of information exchange, and establish a computer-supported cadastral information public inquiry system to promote the popularization and application of cadastral achievements. Can be divided into;
-Land property registration management information system. Carry out township cadastral survey, establish cadastral survey database and property management information system, realize daily business of cadastral management, and improve work efficiency and management level.
-informatization of benchmark land price management. Systematic analysis and calculation of various factors (such as land grade, land transfer, transfer, lease, mortgage and other prices, land prices in real estate transactions, land use benefits in business activities, land location and so on. ) affect the benchmark land price in the area where the benchmark land price is located, select the appropriate calculation model and related parameters, determine the land income curve or land price curve of each land grade or homogeneous area, and then calculate the regional average price of the industry to determine the land price curve and benchmark land price in this area.
-Informatization of land use management. Carry out the informatization construction of land use management, establish the database of lease, mortgage and transfer of land use rights, and realize the informatization of inquiry, statistics and management.
(3) Assistant decision-making and office automation system. Establish office automation system, including window office, government internet access, document transmission, construction land approval, personnel, finance, archives, policy and regulation consultation, etc. Through the establishment of office automation system, we can expand the openness of government affairs, facilitate the masses to handle affairs, standardize the process and procedure of handling documents, improve the quality and efficiency of service and improve the image of institutions. It is divided into:
-Informatization of document management. Carry out the application of document management, file management and land publicity information, and realize the informationization of document management, file management and land publicity. On the basis of running documents in the window, realize the informationization of document tracking management; And establish a database of existing materials.
-Informatization of personnel and science and education management. Carry out information knowledge training, establish a database of personnel management, science and technology education and foreign affairs management, and realize information management.
-Informatization of financial management. Establish a financial information base to realize the informationization of financial management, statistical management and charge management.
-Informatization of policies and regulations management. Carry out information construction of policies and regulations, supervision and management of letters and visits, establish a database of policies and regulations, supervision of letters and visits, provide various forms of inquiry services, and make statistical analysis of letters and visits information. If conditions permit, a rapid response system for land monitoring can be developed.
-discipline inspection and informatization of party Committee management. Carry out the information construction of discipline inspection and party Committee management, establish the database of discipline inspection and party Committee management, provide various inquiry services, and make statistical analysis of relevant information.
3.5 Network construction
3.5. 1 target task
Through the implementation of the "Digital Land" project, a high-speed, effective and secure network system and data channel connecting the national and provincial government information centers, relevant departments, municipal (prefecture) and county (city, district) land management bureaus will be built in an all-round way, so as to obtain, store and enjoy land and resources data quickly and efficiently and improve the socialized service level of land and resources.
3.5.2 Main contents
(1) local area network construction of public institutions. Establish local area network to realize office automation, information release, land asset management and land resource management. The external data distribution network and the internal office network are physically separated to ensure information security.
(2) MAN construction. Through the internet and the national special communication network, the land management bureaus of counties and cities are connected to realize data sharing, information release and networked office work in metropolitan areas.
(3) Ten thousand constructions. The data transmission with the information center of the Ministry of Land and Resources is realized by satellite, microwave and special line.
(4) Network management system. By means of address management, domain name resolution or virtual technology, the physical links between sites are decomposed into different business, information query and publishing logical networks. Each logical network operates independently and does not interfere with each other, but physically uses the same information channel.
(5) Network security system. Adopt advanced security and firewall technologies certified by the national security department, establish security barriers, and ensure the security of information networks.
3.6 Construction of social service system
3.6. 1 target task
Through the establishment of land and resources information publishing website and social service database system, we can realize the link with relevant information publishing websites in the province, provide convenient, diverse and rich land and resources information services to the society, and form a powerful and influential land and resources information service network.
main content
(1) information publishing system construction. In the construction of land and resources management information system, land property registration management information system and office automation information system, at the same time, the establishment of information release system, release land and resources survey statistics, land use statistics, cadastral data, urban benchmark land price, laws and regulations and other information, give full play to the public welfare of information. And establish links with popular websites and navigation systems to increase the frequency of use.
(2) Construction of social service database. Through the extraction, analysis, processing, data format conversion and screening of various databases, different professional information service databases are formed after examination and confirmation, and information service systems for different users are established to provide fast and convenient services.
4 conclusion
Through the standardization construction, basic database construction, information system construction, information network construction and information socialization service system construction in "digital land", we will promote the digitalization, networking and temporization of land information, promote the standardization, standardization and scientificization of land information system construction, and finally promote the scientific decision-making, standardized management and efficient work of land management.