The predecessor of Greek culture is Mycenae culture and Crete culture. After they were destroyed, Greek culture was formed in the ruins, and then subdivided into Homeric period, Antique period and Classical period.
Details are as follows:
Because the country is poor and the people are poor, in order to survive and develop, wars between the city-states continue, and the law of the jungle prevails. In order to protect themselves,
Plunder wealth, the city-state implements the policy of strengthening the country Qiang Bing, implements democratic politics within the city-state, and the free people directly participate in the governance of the city-state
Science attaches great importance to the exercise of national physical fitness, so it is the sacred duty of every citizen to manage the country and exercise.
Greece has a pleasant climate, abundant sunshine and moderate temperature, which is suitable for outdoor nude sports and competitions under such natural conditions.
. Because of nudity, people's ideas have changed. They are not ashamed of nudity, but proud of bodybuilding, which has attracted the attention of aestheticians.
Under the artist's attention and performance, aestheticians discover the beauty of human body, and artists create the beauty of human body. The great statesman Borrick.
Reese said, "We are people who love beauty." The Greek nation loves and creates beauty.
In the environment of democracy, freedom and fierce competition, the Greeks not only discovered, bred and created beauty, but also created God.
The most perfect person in the eyes of the Greeks is God, so the Greeks respect people and raise people to the height of God to affirm, and God and
mankind
The Greeks regarded a strong body as the origin of all goodness and beauty, and regarded Greek mythology as the spirit of art.
Origin, as Marx pointed out: "Greek mythology is not only the arsenal of Greek art, but also its soil." therefore
The main achievements of Greek art are manifested in the sculptures and temple buildings in which God and man are one. The main feature of Greek art is all-encompassing.
Harmony and law, and solemnity and silence. Its main symbol is the beauty of the human body, and the Greeks have made great contributions to mankind.
A masterpiece of art.
Mycenae craft sculpture
Mycenae is located in the eastern part of the Peloponnesian Peninsula, at the southern end of the Greek half-island. The culture of this area was influenced by Mycenae.
Named after Mycenae culture, it has become another important culture after Crete culture.
In the records of Homer's epic, Homer often uses the word "rich in gold" to describe Mycenae. In fact, it is not rich in gold, but
However, gold and silver handicrafts are quite developed, which is formed by the direct trade between Mycenae and gold-producing countries, especially the Egyptians.
Among them, Jin Mianju and Jin Jiuqi are the most striking. Today's archaeological discoveries include the decorative sculpture of the Lion Gate and the artistic achievements of the sculpture.
Mainly manifested in gold and silver craft products.
Animal sculpture is widely used in wine vessel technology. Lion head glass is made of gold foil, and its image is mainly realistic.
, pay attention to decorative sculpture, concise summary, showing the basic image characteristics of the lion. The most interesting thing is the high-legged pigeon with two handles.
The secondary wine glass has an unusual shape. This shape of wine glass is described in the epic Iliad: "There is one next to it."
The old man brought a wine glass from his hometown. Set gold nails, four cups in one ear and one cup in the other.
For the golden turtledove, it seems to be pecking; There are two long-handled brackets under the ear. "This is a true record,' epic' does exist.
Historical basis.
Chrysanthemum morifolium is a funeral product, which is made by imitating the face of the deceased. It is usually covered on the face of the deceased with high status. These masks are very practical.
It's actually a portrait of a clan leader. Therefore, each mask has its own characteristics: some have heavy eyebrows and some have light eyebrows.
Some lips are closed. Mycenae's custom of putting a mask on the dead has been used by ancient Egyptians for a long time and has obvious religious color.
Moral: Leave an immortal face for the deceased, and let the soul of the deceased wander around and find a home. progress
Whether the masks made by the Sini people also have this religious meaning is not proved by historical data.
Geographically, Aegean art seems to have Egyptian art before Greek art, but it is by no means Egyptian art.
The sculpture art in Aegean region has national and local characteristics, which not only
It is manifested in the composition of artistic forms and also in aesthetic consciousness. The artistic image of the Aegean Sea does not give people the same visual feeling as Egypt.
To worship God and Pharaoh like that is more to ignore God and the king. Their art is directly related to mankind itself.
Compared with ancient Egypt, the art form is more relaxed and natural, with a harmonious sense of rhythm and fluctuation law.
Crete experienced ups and downs, the Trojan War destroyed Troy, Mycenae declined, and a group of barbaric nomads Attica went south.
Next, a generation of ancient civilizations will become ruins under the iron hoof. But it was on the ruins of this civilization that the ancient Greek civilization was born.
Greek sculpture art
Because the northern barbarians went south and destroyed the civilizations of Crete and Mycenae, the Greeks were forced to re-create their own civilization. Achaean
The Ming Dynasty is mainly manifested in Greek mythology, architecture and sculpture.
Greek sculpture is divided into four periods, namely Homer period (BC12nd century-8th century BC), because there is only one Homer epic in this period.
Named after written historical materials; Antique period (750 BC-the end of the 6th century), because the sculpture art in this period is ancient.
Named for its simple and clumsy style; The classical period (the second half of the 5th century BC -334 years) refers to the period from the end of the Greek-Persian war to Malaysia.
Alexander the Great began to invade eastward; Hellenistic period (334-30 BC) refers to the fall of Egypt by Rome.
The historical period of the Lemi dynasty.
Homer era? greek mythology
The beginning of Homer's era was marked by the southward migration of Dorians from the northern half of the Greek Peninsula, from the end of 12 BC to 1 1 century BC. This period is a clan and tribal society and has entered the iron age. It changed the social outlook of Homer's era: private property and class division appeared, and it entered the slave society. During this period, primitive democracy prevailed. By the end of Homer's era, tribal management organizations had begun to transition to state-ruled organizations.
Due to the southward migration of Dorians, Crete and Mycenae cultures were destroyed, and Greek culture had to start from scratch.
During the nearly 400 years from the 12 century BC to the 8th century BC, there were few artistic historical materials left. Because Homer's epics are assembled at this stage, reflecting the spiritual outlook of this era, so the history is called "Homer's era". Homer's epics refer to Iliad and Odyssey, which are said to have been written by Homer, a famous blind poet in ancient Greece. These two epics are early Greek texts.
Ming's encyclopedia, as Plato said, "Homer cultivated the whole of Greece". In other words, I don't understand Homer's epic
You can't understand Greek civilization. This inevitably involves Greek mythology, so it can be said that there is no understanding of Greek mythology.
Appreciate Greek sculpture art according to law. Marx once said that Greek mythology "is both the arsenal of Greek art and its soil."
"。 Homer's time is the formation period of Greek mythology, and it is very important to know a little about Greek mythology for discussing and appreciating Greece and Rome.
Art in the late Renaissance is of great significance.
Greek gods formed their own system of gods, which was called "the system of Olympians". Before the universe, there was only chaos, the god of chaos.
. Chaos gave birth to Gaia, the goddess of the earth, Taltaras, the god of the abyss, eros, Ripas and the night.
Goddess Knicks. The two night gods gave birth to the space god Eitel, the day goddess Hemera, the god of death Thanatos and the god of sleep respectively.
Hupunos. Gaia, the goddess of the earth, gave birth to her father Uranus, and her father and mother combined to give birth to six men and six women: the daughter was named Titan.
The boy's name is Titan. The heavenly father was afraid that his children would seize power, so he imprisoned the Titan gods in Tartalas. Caia encourages the youngest son.
Cronus rose up against his father, and his injured father's blood dripped on the ground, giving birth to Erinius, the nemesis, and Giggs, the great god.
This is the protoss.
Cronus inherited her father's power, married her sister Rhea, and gave birth to six men and six women, the youngest of whom was Zeus. Zeus later replaced his father.
Slaughtered the world, and formed a new family of gods with brothers, sisters and children, living in Olympus, the holy mountain worshipped by Greeks. People are
The common gods in works of art are mainly this god system and its descendants. Zeus, the father of the gods, was named Jupiter in Rome.
Ruling heaven and earth, in charge of lightning, also known as the gods; Hera, also known as Juno, is in charge of dark clouds, storms, lightning and thunder.
It's called the god of the sky. Demeter, sister of Zeus, also known as Cyrus, is the god of agricultural harvest. Zeus's brother was Hades,
Rule the hell and the underworld, and the other is called Poseidon, who is in charge of the ocean, also called Poseidon. Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto.
Sun God, daughter Artemis, also known as Di Anna, is the goddess of hunting and the moon; The two sons of Zeus and Junosheng,
One is Ares, also called Mars, who is in charge of the war and is called the God of War; The other is called hephaestus, also called Valgon, and it is fire.
God and the god of craftsmen. Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maya (also known as Mercury), the messenger of the gods and Zeus.
Make. Zeus and Dione, the goddess of the sea, gave birth to a daughter named Aphrodite, also called Venus. Some people say that Venus comes from the ocean.
Born in the waves, she is the goddess of love and beauty. From the perspective of protoss pedigree, Greek mythology is obviously the product of group marriage in primitive society.
Things. All kinds of clergy are people who don't understand natural phenomena and try to conquer and dominate natural forces with imagination and with the help of imagination, and learn from them.
Imagine the power of nature. This is just as Engels said: "Because the natural forces were personified, the original God came into being."
Ancient sculpture
From the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC, great changes took place in Greek society, and the power of tribal leaders completely disappeared, resulting in primitive communes.
Disintegration, Greece formed slavery and established slave city-states. Because the land is barren, the polis is one of them.
The contradiction between them became increasingly acute, which led to maritime expansion and colonial rule. These two aspects influence and promote each other, which makes Greece
Politically and economically, it soon became a powerful force in the Mediterranean world.
In Homer's time, sculpture was just a few figurines. The first page of the real history of ancient Greek sculpture should start from ancient times. because
It was during this period that the most prominent human sculpture in ancient Greece laid the foundation.
Dana, a French art historian, once said: Greeks also have a national art that expresses the human body, which is more suitable for customs and national essence.
God's art, perhaps more universal and perfect, is sculpture. Human body sculpture is one of the ancient Greek sculpture arts.
Crown.
People can see the civilized achievements of human childhood from the preserved portraits of men and women belonging to ancient times. archaic
The male portraits in windy period are mainly nude statues of young people, which the Greeks call "Kuros" (meaning "young people").
. These statues are close to the real human body in proportion and muscle texture, and facial expressions begin to live and smile.
Rong. No matter what status or occupation, people use this kind of smile to express themselves, which became the unified style of that era.
People call it "antique smile".
Greek transitional sculpture
In the process of the development of Greek art, there is a period of transition from ancient style to classical period, which refers to the first half of the 5th century BC.
Period. During this period, Greece experienced a famous Greek-Persian war against the Persian invasion. The famous marathon campaign began.
This period.
The Greek-Persian War had a far-reaching influence on ancient Greece, and the harsh fighting cultivated the Greeks' strong patriotism and hard-working spirit.
God has produced great tragic art. In sculpture art, there is a theme of fighting and praising heroic achievements, whether it is performance.
The themes of myth and reality are different from those of ancient works, and they are in sharp contrast with Ancient Smile.
The rigorous style of Dai spirit: from static posture to striving to express sports and even fierce movements; In the past, only the characters were positive.
Faces have developed into many aspects of characters. The carving skills are more skillful, and the symmetrical proportion and accurate structure are gradually formed.
A clear "all-in" system. The representative works of this period include The Coachman, Poseidon and The Throne of Rudovic.
Relief "and" bronze statue of Richa ".