Asking questions is a very active way to collect information. By asking questions, consultants can get relevant information and materials. Whether the consultation conversation is conducted under the guidance of the counselor's questions or the narrative of the visitors can reflect the counselor's desire for control and personality.
1 Determine the scope and direction of questions.
For psychological counselors, the more you know about visitors, the better. However, due to the requirements of privacy protection and consultation restrictions, it is impossible and unnecessary for counselors to know all the information, which requires counselors to determine the scope and direction of the conversation according to the questions of visitors, that is, counselors need to judge what information needs to be known and what information does not need to be known. From the perspective of asking questions, it is to determine what to ask and what not to ask.
For example, visitors come to ask such questions. What do you think should be asked or not?
I'm sorry for my parents for worrying about failing the college entrance examination.
Spouses feel pain when they have an affair and don't know what to do.
When the child violated school discipline, the class teacher informed him to come to school, and was accused by the teacher, feeling humiliated.
Male college students like a boy in the dormitory and worry that they are gay.
2 determine the way to ask questions
Once the scope of the question is determined, the next question is "how to ask", that is, the way to ask questions. There are two ways to ask questions, open questions and closed questions. Open-ended questioning is to raise a topic and ask the respondent to supplement specific and detailed information about the topic, while closed-ended questioning not only raises the topic, but also gives alternative answers, requiring the respondent to choose one or several of them to answer.
Open questions such as "how, what to do, what to do, why, what kind of experience" and so on.
The form of closed-ended questions, "Is it, should it not? If so, can it? What kind of views do you agree with?"
Please give three examples of open and closed questions.
(1) When do you ask open-ended questions?
In the psychological diagnosis stage of collecting information, the most important way for counselors to ask questions should be open questions, that is, counselors should learn to use open questions instead of closed questions to collect information. Some beginners often don't ask questions, mainly by asking a series of closed questions. Therefore, many questions have been raised, but the information obtained is very limited. To change this situation, consultants should learn to collect information with open-ended questions.
Open-ended questioning can make the counselor keep an open mind, accept the new situation or information of visitors, capture the details and information of new problems, and also avoid the prejudice or prejudice of the counselor from making wrong psychological diagnosis. Open-ended questions can also let visitors speak freely, fully vent their emotions and easily establish a consulting relationship.
(2) When to use closed questions?
In the diagnosis stage, open questions are the main ones, and closed questions are the auxiliary ones. Consultants usually use closed questions in the following situations:
l？ Get some specific information. Sometimes, in order to get some key information, consultants can use closed-ended questions to get it, avoiding lengthy statements brought by open-ended questions. For example, "Are you married?" Instead of "please tell me your marital status"
l？ Clarify the meaning expressed by the other party. Because visitors' language expression ability is limited, or consultants have different backgrounds, they may have different understandings of the same language, so it is necessary for consultants to clarify important information that is easy to misunderstand with closed questions. For example, "You mean your mother doesn't really love you?" "You met in the summer of 2007?" .
l？ Stage overview feedback. It is necessary for the consultant to summarize this aspect after completing the information collection. Moreover, this kind of overview often appears in the form of closed questions, with the purpose of confirming the information, and visitors can also supplement it. For example, "Did you just say, ...?"
Tip: In the process of asking questions, the consultant should not ask questions blindly and not respond to the other party's answer, as if to say something. Especially when the consultant's question is not directly related to the visitor's answer, or when the consultant wants to open a new topic, he should "respond first, then ask questions" Of course, if the counselor's question follows the visitor's conversation, you don't have to repeat what the other person said.
The specific skill of "response" is to repeat the key words in the visitor's speech or summarize the visitor's conversation.
Let's look at an example:
Consultant: Hello.
Visitor: Hello.
Visitor: I am in a bad mood recently ... but I don't know how to solve it myself. I feel that many things have become so complicated.
Consultant: What makes you feel bad?
Visitor: I am lovelorn. And lovelorn, lovelorn. He also said a lot of malicious words and told others that I was in charge of his transfer.
Visitor: I will be a sophomore when I start school. I know I'm young. In addition, I will be nervous when I study in Grade Two. But I am still in a bad mood.
Counselor: Oh, are you in a bad mood because you are lovelorn or because of what he said?
Visitor: All of them.
Visitor: Now I think he is a very good boy.
Visitor: But I didn't expect him to put all the responsibility on me now.
Counselor: Do you still love him?
Visitor: Maybe.
Counselor: If you didn't know him, do you think you would love such a person now?
Visitor: Impossible.
2, encourage and repeat technology
Encouragement and repetition are a skill to guide visitors into in-depth conversation. This technique is used when the topics and contents discussed by visitors are the information that the consultant hopes to collect.
1 encourage technology
When visitors are talking about what we want to know, we will encourage them to continue and get more specific and detailed information. Encouraging technology is to use some simple words to motivate visitors to go on.
Such as "well, go on, go on, then" and so on.
2 Repetition technology
Repetition is to selectively repeat some contents of the visitor's speech so that the visitor can explain it in more detail. For example,
"My wife doesn't understand me at all. She yelled at me all day. " "Your lover doesn't understand you at all."
"Many of my friends say that I have changed. I just want to make sure that I have really changed. " You want to prove whether you have really changed.
3. Microscopic interpretation technology
When visitors talk about their own problems, they sometimes show their incomprehension, and hope that the psychological counselor will explain this. In addition, in order to explore the causes of the problem, the consultant will also explain the problem, hoping that the visitors will inform the relevant information.
In the stage of psychological diagnosis, the main purpose of psychological counselors is to collect information, and the explanations of related problems should be brief (small explanations). The focus of the conversation should be that the visitor provides more information, rather than taking the time to introduce the theory and agree to explain the results.
For example:
Visitor: "I used to sleep well, but I often didn't sleep well in the last two months." I don't know what's going on? "
Psychological counselor: "Psychology believes that insomnia is often caused by anxiety. If there is something that makes you anxious, you will lose sleep. "
Visitor: "As soon as I see the teacher, I get nervous and my heart beats faster."
Psychological counselor: "Psychology believes that emotions are caused by thoughts. For example, if you think you can do well in the coming exam, your mood will be relaxed, and if you think you may fail, you will be more anxious. Think about it, what were you saying to yourself the moment you met the teacher? "
4. Technical overview
Summary is a common skill in psychological counseling. It is often used to summarize the results of consultation and give feedback to visitors on the progress of consultation. In general, consultants use profiles for the following purposes:
l？ After the information collection of a certain aspect is completed, the consultant summarizes it with an overview and then opens a new topic. For example, "through the conversation just now, we know that your husband and wife have a good relationship." The main problem is that you have a tense relationship with his mother, and this tense relationship has affected your review relationship. " "Hmm" "Can we talk about your love experience next?"
l？ When visitors tell their own stories, they also want to know how much the consultant knows about the information and whether they really know themselves. This requires the consultant to give feedback on the information received. Overview is an effective method. Otherwise, visitors will feel that the counselor is always "uh-huh" and doesn't say anything specific.
l？ The process of consultants collecting information is also the process of visitors' self-exploration. In order for visitors to promote self-exploration and have a new understanding and cognition of their own problems in the process of telling their own stories, it is very necessary to review the contents of visitors' conversations again, and overview is the best choice. For example: "From your conversation just now, we found that when you were not in love, your academic performance ranked around 10 in your class, but after falling in love with her this semester, your class ranking dropped to around 35. When you two are together, you often have some arguments, which makes you both unhappy for a long time. Such an argument affects your mood in class. "