What is Down's Screening?
Down's screening refers to prenatal screening for Down's syndrome. Its purpose is to detect the blood of pregnant women, detect the concentrations of fetal protein A, chorionic gonadotropin and free estriol in maternal serum, and comprehensively calculate the risk of fetal birth defects by combining the clinical information of pregnant women's age, weight, smoking, illness and so on. The general accuracy rate is about 80%.
Is it necessary to do Down's screening?
Suggestion: Every pregnant woman should have a check-up.
Down syndrome, also known as 2 1 trisomy syndrome or congenital stupidity, is characterized by severe mental retardation, inability to take care of oneself, and cardiovascular disease, which requires long-term care of family members and will cause great burden to the family. Because Down syndrome is an accidental disease, every parturient may give birth to Down syndrome. Down's serum screening is an effective method to examine children with Down's syndrome. It is suggested that every pregnant woman should be screened for Down's syndrome.
Older pregnant women should not be ignored.
Because the probability of fetal congenital malformations such as Down's syndrome is related to the age of the mother, it is particularly necessary for older pregnant women to have Down's screening. Studies have shown that the probability of Down syndrome in the fetus of pregnant women over 30 years old is11000. The probability of pregnant women over 35 years old rises to 1/300. The pregnant women are between 35 and 39 years old, and the probability is 1/50. The probability of pregnant women over 40 years old is as high as 1/20.
How to do Down's screening?
1. Consultation preparation
Down's screening is related to menstrual cycle, body mass index, gestational age and gestational age of pregnant women. It is best to consult a doctor about other preparations before the examination.
2. There is no need for fasting before the examination, and the venous blood serum of pregnant women is taken during the screening.
Fetal protein A (AFP), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and free estriol (uE3) were detected in pregnant women's serum.
Provide detailed personal information
Including date of birth, last menstrual period, weight, insulin-dependent diabetes, smoking, abnormal pregnancy history, etc. Note that Down's screening is not suitable for IVF and twin pregnancy at present.
What if the risk of Down's screening is high?
1. Need to confirm whether it is Down's child.
The result of Down's screening is "high risk", which only shows that the probability of Down's syndrome in the fetus is higher than the international standard value, and does not mean that the fetus must be Down's syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to further diagnose whether the fetus is really a Down's child. The diagnosis of Down syndrome is generally confirmed by amniocentesis or chorionic villus examination.
2. Post-diagnosis treatment
At present, there is no effective treatment for Down syndrome, and it is best to terminate pregnancy.
3. Adhere to the pregnancy test.
Down syndrome screening can screen 60~80% of children with Down syndrome. However, the screening test can only help to judge the probability of Down's syndrome in the fetus, but can't confirm whether the fetus has Down's syndrome. When the blood test index is high, the probability of giving birth to Down's baby is high, but the test index is normal, so there is no guarantee that the fetus will not get sick. Therefore, every expectant mother should adhere to the pregnancy test and accurately understand the development of the fetus.
Reasons for high risk of Down's screening
1, genetic factors
If one of the families has been born, or if one of the spouses has abnormal chromosomes at the time of conception, it is possible to inherit Down's children.
2. Drug factors
Before and after pregnancy, pregnant women take teratogenic drugs, such as tetracycline, or take too many anti-abortion drugs, which may lead to the risk of Down syndrome or affect the results of glucose screening.
3. Age factor
With the increase of pregnant women's age, the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increases obviously, which is caused by the aging, uneven division and abnormal pregnancy of eggs. When pregnant women reach or exceed 35 years old at the time of delivery, prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomes should be carried out.
4. Environmental factors
One of the husband and wife has been working under a radioactive screen or in a polluted environment for a long time, or keeping a pet for a long time.
5. Health factors
Pregnant women have a history of virus infection, such as influenza and rubella, or a history of habitual abortion, premature delivery or stillbirth.
At present, Down's screening is a better method to check Down's syndrome. Before a child is born, it is difficult for everyone to judge the child's wisdom and various defects. Therefore, with the help of Down's screening, we can well judge whether the report has problems in all aspects, which is a responsible attitude towards children and families.