Chinese name: vegetable garden mbth: farm pronunciation: cài yuán alias: vegetable garden definition: garden application discipline: architectural science, vegetable garden design, site selection, balcony, courtyard, window sill, advantages of indoor, rooftop, roof garden, selection of planting layers, and vegetable garden design. When you design and plant an ornamental garden, you should mainly consider the best position of each plant. However, the aesthetic effect should not be considered when planting vegetables. Because growing vegetables requires a lot of fertilizer, only in this way can we harvest a lot of vegetables. Just think about the difference between wild peas growing in shrubs and peas belonging to fleshy pods, and you will understand the difference between fertilization and non-fertilization. Constantly fertilizing the soil is one of the means to obtain high yield. Modern farms mainly adopt this method, that is, planting the same crop on the same land all the year round. Simple Rotation Diagram In the simple rotation diagram shown on the right, seven different vegetables mainly appear graphically-the number of plants shown in the diagram does not represent the actual number of plants planted. Knowing each crop developed in the first year of design, you can determine how to adjust the plant planting plan in the second and third years. In the planting map of the first year, the vegetables arranged from left to right are carrots, beetroot, spinach, chicory, potatoes and dwarf kidney beans, and the glass shed is surrounded by peppers, clustered tomatoes, radishes, raw onions, creeping cucumbers and red kidney beans. The bottom row is carrots, beetroot, cauliflower, cabbage, herbs, peas protected by barbed wire, sweet corn, creeping pumpkin, zucchini and red beans. There is no need to change the stubble times of red beans and herbs every year, and the plot area is10 m×14 m. In the vegetable garden, by taking various measures, vegetables can make full use of the nutrients stored in the soil, apply as little chemical fertilizer as possible and reduce environmental pollution. The purpose of making full use of soil nutrients can be achieved through crop rotation. Simply put, during the three-year rotation period, the planting time of the same crop on the same plot should not exceed one year. According to the purpose of rotation, vegetables are divided into three categories, which reflect the demand of vegetable crops for fertilizer or nutrition-the first category is root vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes; The second category is peas and kidney beans; The third category is leafy vegetables, such as cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. Divide the whole vegetable garden into three equal parts and rotate three kinds of vegetables in these three vegetable fields every year. A small amount of vegetables such as raw vegetables and fast-growing vegetables can be interspersed in the planting area anytime and anywhere. This theory is most suitable for large-scale vegetable gardens. The small vegetable garden introduced here hardly grows potatoes and leafy vegetables, only beans and raw vegetables. In this way, the above-mentioned rotation cannot be carried out. What is introduced here is a reasonable planting scheme. This scheme can ensure that the planted vegetables make full use of the nutrients in the soil and achieve the ideal effect. But some necessary fertilizers still need to be applied. As can be seen from the planting map, some vegetables are planted in the same land all the year round-first, because these vegetables are perennial plants rather than annual plants; Secondly, because some vegetables (such as red beans) need a specific location, herbs are usually planted on the same land. In addition, some vegetables need special protection measures, either planted in a glass cover or planted in a greenhouse. Vegetable gardens should not be regarded as purely productive land. Because the vegetable garden itself is also a charming landscape. For example, red beans were first introduced into European gardens as ornamental plants, not vegetables, and were planted as vegetables after years of cultivation practice. Planting red beans in the garden can have both ornamental and productive functions-for example, two varieties of red beans and white beans can be planted alternately to create a satisfactory effect. You can plant celery or leeks on the edge of vegetable fields, and even decorate some ornamental plants (for example, planting short roses among herbs will produce excellent ornamental effects), so that the vegetable garden can not only produce delicious vegetables, but also become a unique landscape area. Planting fruit trees is far from growing vegetables. Except for strawberries, fruit trees live longer than vegetables-as a result, shrubs and vines live at least 7 years, while fruit trees live longer. Therefore, rotation is impossible. To build an orchard, we should choose a plot with abundant sunshine and fertile soil, thoroughly prepare the soil before planting fruit trees, choose the best seedlings as far as possible, plant them reasonably and closely, and give full play to the best benefits of the soil. In addition, when planting shrubs and vines (such as strawberries and cherries), birds should be prevented from eating. In most areas, birds will grab food before the fruit is ripe. At this time, it is necessary to cover the fruit with bird nets or other protective facilities. In fact, many people have the will to grow vegetables at home, but they can't find a suitable place to grow vegetables. People living in cities rarely have large open spaces at home, but many people have balconies at home. Although the area is not large, it can be developed into a small vegetable garden according to local conditions. Vegetables can't grow without sunshine, so you can build a small vegetable garden in a sunny place. The balcony is a place where we can make good use of it. Balcony is the transition zone between indoor space and outdoor space, where the sunshine is abundant and most balconies are blocked. Balcony is divided into fully enclosed, semi-enclosed and open three types. Due to the influence of climate, balconies in northern China are mostly closed, while balconies in southern China are mostly open. Vegetables suitable for balcony planting mainly include scallion, leek, garlic sprout, coriander, cherry radish, spinach, Chinese cabbage, towel gourd, bitter gourd and pepper. Glass can absorb and refract sunlight. Different colors of glass have different light transmittance, and white glass has the highest light transmittance. As we all know, vegetables can't grow without sunshine. If the balcony is closed with colored glass such as blue and green, it is not good for the growth of vegetables. So close the balcony with white glass. In addition, the glass of the closed balcony needs to be flat. If it is uneven, convex lenses may be formed locally to focus sunlight, which may burn the leaves. Although the balcony can grow vegetables, the environmental conditions are different from the courtyard open space after all. Pay special attention to the following points when growing vegetables. (1) Generally, the south and west sunshine platforms have longer illumination time and higher temperature than the windowsill in the same direction. The building materials of the balcony absorb a lot of heat and release a lot of heat at night. Some vegetables need a great temperature difference between day and night. If it is hot and muggy at night, it is not conducive to the growth of this kind of vegetables. If the balcony is closed, it will easily become sultry in summer and autumn, and attention should be paid to ventilation when the light is strong. When planting vegetables on the balcony, we should pay attention to spraying water on the ground and leaves of vegetables frequently, which can increase the air humidity and reduce the temperature. In addition, the cultivated vegetables should not be too close to the wall to avoid the leaves being burned by the radiant heat of the wall. A closed balcony is equivalent to a small greenhouse. When the outside temperature is high, open the window to release heat; When the temperature is low, close the window so that you can plant out-of-season vegetables. (2) The balcony facing south has sufficient light and high intensity. If the balcony wall is close to white, especially using white tiles, the light intensity will be stronger than the earth due to the reflection of the wall. In summer afternoon, the sun is strong and the temperature is high, which is not good for the growth of most vegetables. Therefore, if you grow vegetables on the balcony facing south or west, you should pay attention to moderate shading in summer. Celery, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and coriander are all vegetables that are afraid of the hot sun. If you don't avoid light, it will affect their growth. You can use a sunshade net or bamboo curtain to shade the sun, generally covering the front, and vegetables can directly bask in the sun in the morning and evening. (3) Humid balcony has high temperature, strong illumination, large evaporation and dry air, which is suitable for planting drought-tolerant vegetables. When growing vegetables in containers, we should pay more attention to watering them in time, because vegetables can't get water from the ground. Due to the transpiration of vegetable leaves and the evaporation of soil moisture in the container, closing the window and the door connecting the balcony with the living room can effectively improve the air humidity of the balcony. (4) Wind Because the balcony of a building is generally higher than the ground, if the balcony is open, the wind speed will be even greater. If the strong wind will affect the growth of vegetables, you can use windbreaks or windbreaks to keep out the wind. Generally, the balcony is closed without worrying about the wind. Courtyard for some residents who have open spaces in front of and behind their houses, it is a very good choice to open up open spaces into small vegetable gardens, which can beautify the environment and eat fresh vegetables at any time. The area available for vegetable planting in the courtyard is generally 10 ~ 30 square meters, and the small area is only a few square meters. It is unrealistic to build plastic greenhouses and sunlight greenhouses, but it is feasible to cultivate with simple protective facilities such as plastic film mulching, setting up sunlight beds or building small arch sheds under suitable conditions. Due to the influence of houses and human activities, the environmental conditions of quadrangles are different from those of large-scale cultivated land in some places. (1) Temperature The temperature between buildings in the city is higher than that in the suburbs, especially near the south wall. The temperature is very high in summer, which is not conducive to the growth of most vegetables. Therefore, it is best not to plant vegetables that are afraid of high temperature near the south wall. (2) Without shading, the light in the south of the house is very strong, which is caused by the reflection of walls and glass. There is a short afternoon direct sunlight on the east side of the house, but the opposite is true on the west side: the north side is blocked by the house for a long time. In view of this, the garden owner needs to arrange vegetables reasonably according to the specific situation of courtyard lighting in order to make vegetables grow healthily. For example, most fruits and vegetables need strong light, while most leafy vegetables need less light, so we should adjust measures to local conditions. (3) The water in the south of the house evaporates quickly. The higher the ground, the more prone to drought, so water it in time. Because roofs and hardened roads can't store water, low-lying areas need good drainage systems, otherwise it will be flooded easily when it rains heavily. (4) Wind Due to the influence of the house, the air circulation on the surface of the courtyard land is slow, and the wind force is small, which is not conducive to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, vegetables should be planted thinly. Window sills and indoor window sills are indoor places close to windows. Many modern living rooms have floor-to-ceiling windows, and there is enough light near the floor-to-ceiling windows, which can be used to grow vegetables. The room is equivalent to a small greenhouse, where out-of-season vegetables can be planted. You can also plant sprouts, or turn the nutrients accumulated in the roots into green leafy vegetables, such as making garlic into garlic seedlings and turning dried green onions into shallots, which is most suitable for indoor planting. When using the windowsill to grow vegetables, we must first determine whether the furniture is placed outside the window or inside the window. The environmental conditions outside the window are similar to those of the unsealed balcony, so you can refer to the balcony to grow vegetables. There is a big difference between growing vegetables on the windowsill inside the window and outside the window. Pay attention to the following questions when choosing vegetables. First, it is advisable to plant vegetables that can adapt to low light and eat young leaves. Indoor lighting conditions are definitely not as good as outdoor, so it is advisable to plant vegetables that can grow normally in relatively weak light indoors, such as spinach, clam, celery, Chinese cabbage, coriander, loose leaf lettuce and other leafy vegetables. Radish seedlings with edible young leaves are also suitable for indoor planting. They can be eaten from seedlings, planted closely and picked at any time. Second, continue to grow vegetables that have accumulated a lot of nutrition in the open field. In autumn and winter, dig out the roots of late lettuce and leek planted in the yard, plant them in containers and put them on the windowsill, so that better celery and leek can grow. You can also cultivate garlic sprouts and green onions with kind of garlic in a container. Third, plant bean sprouts. It is very suitable for planting bean sprouts indoors. Mung bean sprouts, big bean sprouts, pea bean sprouts and radish sprouts can all be produced. If you can buy seeds, you can also produce Toona sinensis buds and raise malt. Pay attention to the short life of Toona sinensis seeds, and don't buy old seeds. Fourth, the windowsill on the inner side of the window is generally not suitable for planting fruits and vegetables that like light. Usually, the growth of fruits and vegetables needs good lighting conditions, but the light in the window is weak, the lighting time is not long, and the ventilation is poor, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. Therefore, most fruits and vegetables are difficult to grow healthily indoors. In addition, the stems and leaves of fruits and vegetables occupy a lot of space, which affects indoor lighting. Fifth, it is necessary to be cautious to grow spicy vegetables indoors. Garlic, green onion, leek, Pogostemon, etc. Have a strong smell. If the owner of the room doesn't like the smell, don't plant it. If it has been planted, it can be moved to a balcony or an uninhabited house. Rooftops Urban residents who live on the top floor of buildings may have roofs, where people can get in close contact with nature, where there is plenty of light and smooth air, and many kinds of vegetables can be planted. The roof is the top of the house, including bungalows and buildings. The top of the building is simply called the roof. Roofs or roofs can be used to grow relatively large areas of vegetables. However, the rooftop or roof is special, different from the flat, balcony or window sill, and there are a series of problems such as the right to use and safety, which must be paid attention to. Safety problems When planting vegetables on the rooftop or roof, we should first consider the carrying capacity of the rooftop or roof, including cultivation substrates, containers, irrigation water, human activities and the weight of rain and snow. These have increased the bearing capacity of the original rooftop or roof. If only a few flowerpots are put loosely, there will generally be no problem. If there are many kinds of plants, the bearing capacity of the house should be calculated. This is a professional problem. If you can't solve it, you should seek professional help. Secondly, we should consider human safety. A protective fence must be installed around the roof to protect the personal safety of vegetable farmers. Be careful not to let children play on the roof. Third, we should protect the safety of containers. The wind on the roof is strong, especially in coastal areas, and the wind is even stronger. We must strengthen the wind wall. When planting tall vegetables with containers, fix the containers on the roof guardrail to prevent them from being blown off the roof by strong winds and hurting others. If you have the support of climbing vines, you should also prevent them from being blown down by the wind. Finally, pay attention to lightning protection. There are lightning protection facilities on the roof, so don't damage them. Don't work on the roof during a thunderstorm. Advantages of Roof Garden Roof Garden (1) Thermal insulation in summer, covered with green vegetables in winter, thermal insulation in summer and thermal insulation in winter. The heat insulation effect of vegetation and soil in roof vegetable garden is obvious, and the higher the ambient temperature, the more obvious the heat insulation effect is. In addition, we get the data through measurement: the surface temperature of plants in roof garden is about 8℃ lower than that of stone pavement and11℃ lower than that of purple floor tiles; At 8: 00 am in winter, the temperature of the roof slab under 20 cm vegetable soil is 6 ~ 8℃ higher than that of the mortar surface, so the roof vegetable garden has good thermal insulation effect. (2) Reducing plant absorption, releasing oxygen through photosynthesis and increasing environmental oxygen content is an effective emission reduction measure without spending money. (3) Economic benefit 100 square meter roof vegetable garden can meet the demand of fresh vegetables for more than 30 people, and the direct economic benefit is obvious; At the same time, it can also reduce the project cost: any roof covering more than 15 cm of natural soil and vegetation can meet the requirements of roof insulation in hot summer and cold winter areas, that is to say, planting roofs in hot summer and cold winter areas can reduce the project cost 15 ~ 25 yuan/. (4) Social Benefits Roof vegetable garden can fix dust, reduce noise, help drainage and beautify the roof during heavy rain and rainstorm, and is conducive to fire prevention, which has good social benefits. Optimization of Planting Layer (1) Pastoral soil is selected as the planting substrate, which is not only rich in organic humus and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, but also has a good aggregate structure. (2) Adding 1/3 sawn wood powder into pastoral soil can not only reduce the self-weight, but also fill the gaps in the grain structure of pastoral soil, which is beneficial to the absorption and discharge of water and the supply and replacement of medium oxygen, without water accumulation and damage to the development of plant roots. ③ According to different vegetable varieties and different thickness of the middle layer, adjust it between 15~ 35 cm; (4) Before planting, a proper amount of compound fertilizer is mixed in the soil, and no chemical fertilizer or manure is applied after planting (to avoid soil hardening and release peculiar smell). Depending on the growth of plants, add a proper amount of "vegetable dry water" (rapeseed meal aqueous solution soaked in oil 15 d) and soybean water (soybean aqueous solution soaked for 30 d). After topdressing these aqueous solutions, the time for plants to absorb nutrients is shortened, there is no odor pollution in the vegetable garden, and vegetables grow rapidly. (2) More than 20 kinds of vegetables, such as pumpkin, cucumber, bitter gourd, wax gourd, cauliflower, leek, pepper, tomato, shallot, mustard, sherbet, lettuce, cabbage and Chinese cabbage, can be planted in the roof garden on the vegetation layer, and the rotation can be carried out according to different seasons, so that the roof garden can be evergreen all the year round. (3) Irrigation If the weather in the area where the roof vegetable garden is located is good for a long time, the vegetable garden generally does not need to be watered. Only in the dry season, when the water is insufficient, can the plastic pipe with "shower head" be sprayed with tap water to supplement it.