Basic knowledge of education: understanding of thinking process
Thinking process is the key and difficult point of teacher recruitment examination. Because of the abstract content, candidates often encounter difficulties in preparing lessons. Therefore, the Chinese teacher specially explained this part of knowledge in detail, hoping to help everyone prepare for the exam better.
The basic process of thinking is thinking operation, which is a series of complex operations, comparative analysis and synthesis, comparison and classification, abstraction and generalization, concretization and systematization on external stimuli through the brain according to previous knowledge and experience.
1. Analysis and synthesis (the basic process of thinking)
Analysis refers to the process of breaking down the whole thing into its parts in your mind. For example, we know a plate of boiled fish from color, smell and taste, and a tree from root, stem and leaf. These are all based on the attributes and characteristics of things. Synthesis refers to combining all parts of things with characteristics and attributes in your mind, finding out the relationship between them and forming an overall understanding. For example, combining all the paragraphs of an article can grasp the central idea of the full text and summarize the essence of the article. Analysis and synthesis are two inseparable aspects of mutual practice. Analysis is the basis of synthesis, and the analysis based on the whole is valuable and meaningful.
2. Comparison and classification
Comparison is to find out their similarities and differences after analysis and compare various things and phenomena. For example, let children find out the similarities and differences of dolls in their hands. Some children may find their characteristics, such as different colors, the same size and the same gender. On the basis of comparison, dolls may be divided into several categories according to color, one category according to size and two categories according to gender. Classification is completed on the basis of price comparison, and the basis of classification is the dimension of comparison.
3. Abstraction and generalization
Abstraction is the process of finding out the characteristics and attributes of things or phenomena and discarding the non-essential individual characteristics. For example, from magpies, sparrows, crows and ostriches, they are all feathered egg-laying animals, abandoning individual characteristics such as flying and not flying. This process is abstract. On the basis of abstraction, people can have a general understanding of things, form the concept of birds, and reflect the inner essence of things.
4. Systematization and concretization
Systematization refers to the process of classifying the learned knowledge into a whole and a system according to a certain organizational level. For example, when we study, we form a systematic frame diagram of knowledge according to the relationship between knowledge, which is a systematic process, while concretization refers to the process of solving practical problems with general principles and guiding practical activities with theory. For example, after we learn the lever principle, it is a concrete process to use it to guide the skill of prying things in life. Systematization is concrete, premise and foundation.
The above is the understanding of the thinking process. I hope that candidates will carefully ponder the examples and prepare for the exam effectively!
Teachers' basic knowledge of education exercises multiple choice questions.
1. The comprehensive psychological characteristics that determine the explicit and implicit behaviors of individuals and make them stably different from others' behaviors are called (? )。
A. Personality
B. Personality
C. temperament
D. biased
2. The basic maturity of social self is in (? )。
A. Early stage
B. Early childhood
C. Childhood
D. adolescence
3. The period when the psychological self began to form and develop is (? )。
A. Early childhood
B. Childhood
C. adolescence
D. Early youth
4. The core strength of integrating and unifying all parts of personality is (? )。
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-awareness
C. Personality characteristics
D. ability
5. The psychological process of students obtaining information, making plans and solving problems is called (? )。
A. Thinking process
B. Will deal with
C. decision-making model
D. Cognitive process
6. According to the tendency of psychological activities, people's personality is generally divided into (? )。
A. Independent type and compliant type
B. extroversion and introversion
C. Meditation and Meditation
D. convergent and divergent types
7. When judging objective things, I often use internal reference, and my cognitive way of judging things belongs to ().
A. impulsive type
B. meditative
C. Field-independent types
D. field-dependent
8. The main reason for the differences in individual cognitive processes is their differences (? )。
A. Cognitive styles and methods
B. Cognitive style and cognitive ability
C. Thinking mode and intelligence level
D. Intelligence level and cognitive level
9. In the process of solving problems, individuals collect or synthesize information and knowledge, and use logical laws to narrow the answer range until they find the only correct answer. )。
A. Field-independent types
B. depending on the field
C. convergent type
D. divergent type
10. In the process of solving problems, the individual's thinking expands in many different directions, which makes the concept spread to all related aspects and finally produces many possible answers. )。
A. Field-independent types
B. depending on the field
C. convergent type
D. divergent type
1 1. Self-awareness refers to an individual's understanding of himself and the relationship between himself and his surroundings, and its psychological components include cognitive components and (? )。
A. Emotional and cognitive components
B. Emotional components and conscious components
C. Emotional component and will component
D. Will component and cognitive component
12. The most famous intelligence scale in the world is (? )。
A. Biner-Simon scale
B. Stanford-Biner scale
C. Bina-Tumen scale
D. wexler scale
13. IQ is equal to (? )。
A The ratio of intellectual age to actual age is multiplied by 100.
B The ratio of actual age to intellectual age is multiplied by 100.
C the ratio of psychological age to physiological age is multiplied by 100.
D the ratio of physiological age to actual age is multiplied by 100.
14. Differences in intellectual development include (? )。
A. Internal differences and external differences
B. Relative differences and differences
C. Age differences and gender differences
D. Individual differences and group differences
15. Personality is a comprehensive psychological characteristic that determines an individual's explicit and implicit behavior and makes it stably different from others' behavior. Its core is (? )。
A. Ability
B. temperament
C. personality
D. need
16. The characteristics of a person's behavior control and regulation belong to personality (? )。
A. Attitude characteristics
B. Will characteristics
C. Emotional characteristics
D. rational characteristics
17. When does the physical self basically mature? )
A. 1 year or so
B. About 3 years old
C. About 6 years old
D. About 9 years old
18. The unique and stable style shown by individuals in processing and organizing information in cognitive activities such as perception, thinking, memory and problem solving is called (? )。
A. Cognitive process
B. Will deal with
C. decision-making model
D. Cognitive style
19. Perception of objects tends to take external reference as the basis of information processing, which belongs to (? )。
A. impulsive type
B. meditative
C. Field-independent types
D. field-dependent
20. Some children tend to test hypotheses quickly and often make mistakes when there are several possible answers. This way of cognition is called (? )。
A. impulsive type
B. meditative
C. Field-independent types
D. field-dependent
Answers to multiple-choice questions
1.a. The comprehensive psychological characteristics that determine the explicit and implicit behaviors of individuals and make them stably different from others' behaviors are called personality.
2.d. The period when the social self is basically mature is adolescence.
3.d. The period when psychological "ego" begins to form and develop is early youth.
4.a. Self-awareness is the core strength to integrate and unify all parts of personality.
5.d. The psychological process of students obtaining information, making plans and solving problems is called cognitive process.
6.b. According to the tendency of psychological activities, people's personalities are generally divided into introversion and extroversion; According to the degree of independence or obedience, a person's personality can be divided into independent type and compliant type.
7.c. When judging objective things, we often use internal reference, and our cognitive way of judging things belongs to field independence.
8. B. The difference of individual cognitive process is mainly due to the difference of cognitive style and cognitive ability.
9.c. See the definition of convergent cognitive style in Learning Essentials.
10.d. See the definition of divergent cognitive style in Learning Essentials.
L1.C. Self-awareness refers to an individual's understanding of himself and his relationship with the surrounding environment. Its psychological components include cognitive components, emotional components and will components.
12.b. The most famous intelligence scale in the world is Stanford-Biner Scale, which was revised by Timon.
13.a. IQ is equal to the ratio of intellectual age to actual age multiplied by 100. Look at the definition of IQ.
14.d. Differences in intellectual development include individual differences and group differences, and age differences and gender differences belong to group differences in intellectual differences.
15.c. The core component of personality is personality, which is a unique and stable individual psychological characteristic.
16.b. The characteristics of a person in controlling and regulating behavior are the will characteristics of personality.
17.b. The time when the physiological self basically matures is about 3 years old.
18.d. See the definition of cognitive style in Learning Essentials.
19.d. Definition of cognitive style of field dependence.
20.A See the definitions in the main points of study.