As the pillar of the credit market, credit reporting agencies play an important role in the modern market economy, which is a necessary prerequisite for expanding the scale of market transactions under the condition of asymmetric information. Without the social function of credit institutions, it is difficult for social credit to fully play its role. Judging from the development of the world credit information system, due to the differences in national conditions and legislative traditions, credit information agencies have their own characteristics. According to the nature of ownership, credit reporting agencies can be divided into public credit reporting agencies, private credit reporting agencies and mixed credit reporting agencies; According to different information subjects, credit reporting agencies can be divided into individual credit reporting agencies, enterprise credit reporting agencies, credit rating agencies and other credit information service agencies. The representatives of public credit institutions are Germany and France. The United States is a typical private credit institution model, while Japan is a typical mixed credit institution model. Encouraged by technological innovation and financial market liberalization, credit reporting agencies are developing continuously, and this trend is mainly reflected in the following four aspects. First, the concentration of the credit information industry has increased rapidly. Second, product management is increasingly diversified. Third, commercialization and mutually beneficial cooperation models are more adaptable. Fourth, the importance of credit legislation is constantly improving.
Credit reporting agency refers to a legal entity established with the approval of relevant laws and regulations to collect personal credit information for commercial banks and other users of personal credit information and provide personal credit information consultation and rating services; It refers to an enterprise legal person that is approved by the credit supervision and management department and specializes in credit business activities. It is a third-party organization other than the two parties to the credit transaction, with a certain scale of credit information database. In a narrow sense, a credit information agency refers to a professional information service agency that is specialized in the collection, processing, evaluation and dissemination of credit information for profit. Generally speaking, it refers to an enterprise legal person that is approved by the credit supervision and management department and specializes in credit reporting business activities. Credit institutions are usually divided into three categories, namely enterprise credit institutions, individual credit institutions and property credit institutions. The concept of credit reporting agencies can also expand the types of enterprises in other credit management industries, such as credit rating agencies, commercial collection agencies, credit management consulting agencies, and even produce different titles.
Notice on soliciting public opinions on the Measures for the Administration of Credit Information Business (Draft). If a credit reporting agency needs to conduct credit reporting, it shall follow the principles of minimum and necessity, and shall not conduct excessive credit reporting. In addition, when collecting personal credit information, credit reporting agencies should obtain the consent of the information subject, and clearly inform the information subject of the purpose, source and scope of credit reporting, as well as the possible adverse consequences of not agreeing to credit reporting. The retention period of personal bad information collected by credit reporting agencies is 5 years, counting from the date of termination of bad behavior or incident. If the bad credit information expires, the credit reporting agency shall delete it. If it is used as sample data, it should be unmarked. Processing, transferring to non-production database, ensuring that personal credit information is not directly or indirectly identified, etc.