A vaccine that can prevent cancer
HPV vaccine (cervical cancer vaccine) has always attracted much attention.
Since the beginning of April
# Guangdong is expected to get HPV vaccine for free #
The topic sparked heated discussion.
Once boarded the hot search list of Weibo.
Is the free HPV vaccine really coming?
The latest reply from Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission is coming!
On April 8, the Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Committee issued a notice, saying that our province is actively studying the free vaccination of HPV for school-age girls.
What is a cervical cancer vaccine?
According to public information, cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women after breast cancer. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 20 18, there are about 570,000 new cases of cervical cancer and about 3 1. 1.00 million deaths worldwide every year. There are about 106000 new cases and about 48000 deaths in China every year.
Cervical cancer is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and is a preventable cancer. Preventive measures are cervical cancer vaccination and cervical cancer screening.
It is generally believed that the sooner the HPV vaccine is vaccinated, the better, before the first substantive sexual contact of women-the main route of human papillomavirus infection is sexual transmission. Vaccination after infection will not give full play to the vaccine effect. Therefore, the World Health Organization has set the age of 9- 14 as the best vaccination age.
At present, there are four kinds of HPV vaccines listed in the world, namely: domestic bivalent vaccine, imported bivalent vaccine, imported tetravalent vaccine and imported nonavalent vaccine.
Domestic bivalent HPV vaccine: For human papillomavirus HPV 16 and 18, it is suitable for women aged 9-45. Women aged 15-45 need three needles, and girls aged 9- 14 only need two needles. It is the only HPV vaccine in China that can be vaccinated with two shots.
Imported bivalent HPV vaccine: for human papillomavirus HPV 16, 18, suitable for women aged 9-45 years, 3 shots are needed;
Imported tetravalent HPV vaccine: for HPV6, 1 1, 16, 18, suitable for women aged 9-45, need 3 shots;
Imported nine-valent HPV vaccine: for HPV6, 1 1, 16, 18, 3 1, 33, 45, 52, 58, suitable for 16 to 26-year-old women.
Domestic bivalent cervical cancer vaccine is aimed at HPV 16 and HPV 18.
The imported bivalent vaccine needs 590 yuan (three shots are needed), the tetravalent vaccine needs 789 yuan (three shots are needed), the nine-valent vaccine needs 1298 yuan (three shots are needed), and the domestic vaccine costs 339 yuan (two shots for young people, three shots for 15 years old or older).
The suitable age of nine-valent seedlings in China is 16-26 years old. The bivalent vaccine is suitable for 9-45 years old, and the advantage of bivalent vaccine is that it is suitable for age.
About HPV vaccine
Everything you want to know is here.
1. Can the current human papillomavirus vaccine, whether domestic or imported, guarantee lifelong immunity after vaccination?
HPV vaccine is still a new thing in the field of vaccine, which was born less than 20 years ago. Judging from the international and domestic data, there is no need to replant after vaccination according to the process. But whether it is effective for life needs long-term observation to be clear.
2. Is it meaningful for adult women, especially those who have had sex, to be vaccinated with HPV?
It makes sense. Because there are as many as ten or twenty kinds of viruses that cause cervical cancer, the most important ones are 16 and 18. But an adult woman, even if she has been infected with a certain type of human papillomavirus, the antibodies produced in her body are only aimed at this type of virus. After vaccination, it can help them to be immune to other high-risk types of viruses. If she has never been infected with human papillomavirus, the vaccine can make her immune to the main cancer-causing types.
3. If you are infected with human papillomavirus, is it possible to get cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus is the abbreviation of the English name of "human papillomavirus". The human papillomavirus family has more than 100 members, some of whom are closely related to malignant tumors and are called high-risk human papillomavirus. The probability of human papillomavirus infection in women who have sexual life is as high as 40%~80%. However, more than 80% of human papillomavirus infections will be cleared naturally within 8 months, and only a few persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infections can cause cancer for more than 2 years. Among the people with persistent infection, only a few people will develop cervical precancerous lesions, and only a few of them will become cancerous. Therefore, for most people, being infected with human papillomavirus is like a "cervical cold", so there is no need to be too nervous and afraid.
4. What are the precautions for cervical cancer vaccination?
It is forbidden to have a serious allergic reaction to any component in the vaccine.
When suffering from acute severe fever, vaccination should be postponed.
Patients with thrombocytopenia or any patients with coagulation disorders may cause bleeding after vaccination, so they should be used with caution.
Avoid vaccination during pregnancy. If a woman is pregnant or ready to get pregnant, it is recommended to postpone or interrupt the vaccination procedure and wait until the pregnancy is over.
Breast-feeding women should be carefully vaccinated.
5. What are the adverse reactions after vaccination? How to deal with it?
Fatigue, myalgia, headache, fever, pain and swelling of the injection site may occur after injection. Hypersensitivity reactions such as induration at the injection site, joint pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, cough, itching, urticaria and rash are also common adverse reactions. Occasionally, dizziness, local paresthesia, lymphadenopathy and other adverse reactions may occur. After vaccination, if you find yourself with serious side effects, you can go to the hospital for symptomatic treatment.
6. If you have been infected with human papillomavirus, is it necessary to get a cervical cancer vaccine?
There are many subtypes of human papillomavirus, generally only one subtype is infected, and only more than 10% cases are infected with more than two subtypes. Vaccination with bivalent vaccine can also prevent at least one subtype, and tetravalent vaccine can also prevent at least three subtypes.
Furthermore, infection does not mean persistent infection. After human papillomavirus infection, it only proliferates in the cervical epithelium and does not enter the deep tissue, so it cannot stimulate the immune system to produce long-term protective antibodies.
7. After inoculating bivalent seedlings, can I inoculate tetravalent seedlings and nine-valent seedlings?
Yes, but it is not recommended. After bivalent vaccine and tetravalent vaccine, three more shots are needed according to the vaccination plan of 10, February and June. From the perspective of preventing cervical cancer, if bivalent cervical cancer vaccine has been vaccinated, there is no need to vaccinate tetravalent cervical cancer vaccine. It is not economical to vaccinate again.
8. Can men be vaccinated?
Although it is useful to vaccinate men with HPV vaccine in theory, there is no clear evidence to show how effective it is in preventing partner cervical cancer, but it can prevent male genital warts, which is also a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus.
Also considering the input-benefit ratio, the official documents of most countries and the World Health Organization (WHO) do not recommend men to be vaccinated. At present, boys in Australia have free injections.
9. If I need vaccination, where can I get it?
If you need vaccination, you can consult the local medical and health department.
Free screening of Guangdong women's "two cancers"
In addition, the proposal also mentioned the current free screening for women's "two cancers" in Guangdong. Since 2009, Guangdong Province has selected some areas in the province as national project counties in accordance with the deployment of the national "two cancers" free screening project for rural women, and carried out the "two cancers" free screening project. In 20 17, the free "two cancers" screening project was implemented in the whole province.
The project covers 90 counties (cities, districts)10.5 million urban and rural women aged 35-64 in eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, northern Guangdong and parts of Jiangmen. From 20 17 to 20 19, the provincial government invested 270 million yuan to provide free "two cancers" screening for1460,000 rural women aged 35-64; From 2020 to 2022, with the approval of the Provincial Department of Finance, the special funds were extended by 320 million yuan. Since 2009, the "two cancers" free screening program in Guangdong Province has been expanded from national project counties to 90 counties (cities, districts) in eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong, and the screening targets have been expanded from rural women to urban and rural women. The subsidy standard was also raised from 1.28 yuan to 236,438+0 yuan, which improved the coverage and quality of screening and promoted the enthusiasm of women to participate in screening.