On may 1 2005, the national standard "classification and evaluation index of logistics enterprises" jointly issued by AQSIQ and the national standardization management Committee was officially implemented. It plays a very important role in accelerating the development of logistics enterprises, standardizing the competition order in the logistics market and guiding the healthy development of logistics enterprises. The standard defines a logistics enterprise as an economic organization that engages in at least one business of transportation (including transportation agent and express delivery of goods) or warehousing, can organize and manage the basic functions of transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, packaging, distribution processing and distribution according to customers' logistics needs, has an information management system suitable for its own business, carries out independent accounting and independently bears civil liabilities. This definition points out that the corresponding information system is a necessary condition for logistics enterprises.
In China's logistics enterprises, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises account for the vast majority. These enterprises are basically transformed from traditional transportation and warehousing enterprises, and the application of information systems is not universal. Statistics show that among the 6.5438+million small and medium-sized enterprises in China, the proportion of informatization is less than 654.38+00%, and even some enterprises are still using pure manual operation. The introduction of new standards puts forward very urgent requirements for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises to implement informatization, and also injects catalysts into the transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises from traditional warehousing and transportation enterprises to modern logistics.
First, the main problems faced by small and medium-sized logistics enterprises in the process of informatization
According to the survey, only 39% of logistics enterprises in China have logistics information systems, and the vast majority of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises do not have the ability to process logistics information by using modern information technology. The reasons why small and medium-sized logistics enterprises do not carry out informatization are as follows:
1, the influence of traditional ideas and traditional management mode. Many small and medium-sized logistics enterprises are developed from traditional transportation and warehousing enterprises. Due to the limited quality and resources of personnel, they are used to solving problems with traditional ideas, which makes informatization encounter great resistance in the implementation process. At the same time, the operation mode is also accustomed to manual operation, fearing or even contradicting enterprise informatization.
2. Logistics software suitable for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises is limited. The right here, first, the right price, and second, the right logistics software. At present, there are many so-called logistics software in the market, most of which are developed from traditional warehousing and transportation software, and the price is relatively high, and there is a phenomenon that it is not suitable for the actual operation of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises.
3. The development of logistics platforms providing basic information and public services is slow. The vast majority of logistics enterprises in China are small and medium-sized enterprises with limited capital, scale and operational capacity, so it is impossible to develop or buy logistics information system software by themselves, so there is an urgent need for logistics public information platform.
Second, the main solutions for informatization of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises
1, ASP mode.
ASP (Application Server Provider) Application Service Provider refers to those companies that rent application systems running on their own servers to commercial users through the Internet or VPN (Virtual Private Network). ASP takes the Internet as the core, and provides customers with various application services, such as market information, sales management, accounting treatment, electronic payment, personnel management, salary management, e-mail, etc. Provide various information technology services such as enterprise support system configuration, application system management, application software maintenance and professional technical consultation. Enterprises do not need expensive application servers, database servers and related equipment to support information systems. When enterprises need these services, as long as they have terminal devices and browsers, they can access ASP service websites through the network, and they can use all kinds of software and enjoy all kinds of services after identity confirmation. ASP charging methods are flexible and diverse, which can be charged according to application software, connection number and data flow, as well as data storage capacity and monthly rent.
Using ASP can greatly reduce the cost of using logistics information system for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises and solve the cost of purchasing, developing or maintaining information system for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises. Most technical work is undertaken by ASP service providers. At the same time, ASP system has enough security, reliability and applicability, and can be customized according to the needs of different users, so as to meet the needs of different users.
2. Collaboration mode.
Small and medium-sized logistics enterprises have limited scale and financial resources, and it is costly to establish logistics information systems or platforms independently. Therefore, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises urgently need to establish a public logistics information platform, and adopt a cooperative mode, with investment, development, use and maintenance. At present, the planning, research and construction of this platform in China have just started, and the progress is slow.
3, the use of logistics park or logistics base.
Most of the small and medium-sized logistics enterprises are transformed from traditional transportation enterprises and warehousing enterprises. Some are engaged in transportation, only a few cars, and the scale is very small, so it is difficult to independently develop or purchase logistics information systems, and there is also a lack of conditions for cooperating with other enterprises to develop logistics information systems. At this time, it is necessary to use the information platform provided by the logistics park or logistics base to carry out efficient logistics operation. For example, Chuanhua Logistics Base integrates trading center, information center, transportation center, storage center, distribution center, operation center and supporting services, and is an important public logistics operation base in Hangzhou Bay and Yangtze River Delta. So far, Chuanhua Logistics has introduced about 400 small logistics enterprises. Chuanhua Logistics Base Information System provides an information platform for logistics enterprises, guides them to use modern technology for business operation, realizes business process management, data security management and transmission management, and directly promotes business expansion and operation cost reduction of logistics enterprises.
4. School-enterprise joint mode.
For most small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, there are many personalized needs and few standardized processes, and there is a lack of information system suitable for the development of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises in the market, which leads to an increase in the cost of informatization implementation and requires software developers to pay a great price for system development and implementation. Most developers think that the informatization level of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises is low, which is mainly used at the basic informatization level; However, high-level applications such as promoting business process transformation and optimization, supporting decision support systems, and optimizing and integrating resources are rare. According to the experience of foreign logistics informatization development, the general logistics information system of enterprise logistics informatization has no development value in the low-end market. In terms of commercial operation, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises are still unable to carry out low-cost, low-risk and high-efficiency informatization. Therefore, this situation provides the basic conditions for the combination of schools and enterprises. The general business of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises is relatively simple, and the development of information systems is also relatively simple. In order to improve teaching quality and increase students' practical ability, students can use what they have learned to develop low-cost and high-reliability logistics software for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises under the guidance of experienced teachers. On the one hand, it increases students' development experience, on the other hand, it also meets the individual needs of enterprises and realizes a win-win situation for small and medium-sized logistics enterprises and schools.
Third, the conclusion
The above has introduced four solutions for informatization of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, the ASP model has internet security problems, which makes it difficult to meet individual needs and focuses on logistics information technology, so it is impossible to propose an overall logistics scheme. These factors hinder the wide application of ASP. Collaborative mode needs the cooperation of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises to complete, so this mode will be broken if the problems such as task sharing and benefit distribution after the system is completed are not handled well. At the same time, this method also has network security problems. Using logistics park or logistics base can effectively overcome the network security problem under ASP mode. Small and medium-sized logistics enterprises rely on the platform of logistics base to operate their enterprises. The main disadvantage is that it relies too much on the logistics base and has no own brand. Although the mode of school-enterprise cooperation can meet the individual needs of enterprises, there are certain risks because many schools lack professional system developers with practical development experience. Small and medium-sized logistics enterprises should make a reasonable choice by using scoring method or analytic hierarchy process according to their own specific conditions.
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