The growth and development stages of narcissus (such as vegetative growth stage, bulb expansion stage, flower bud differentiation stage and flowering stage) need different environmental conditions. Its roots, stems, leaves and flowers have different requirements for environmental conditions. Narcissus likes cold climate during its growing period, with the optimum temperature of 10-20℃ and the minimum temperature of 0℃. Bulbs swell in spring and flower buds differentiate at high temperature (above 26℃) after drying. After dormancy, bulbs can grow roots at high temperature, but they will not grow leaves, and they will grow leaves with the decrease of temperature. When the temperature is about 6- 10℃, the flower moss will be drawn. During flowering, if the temperature is too high, the flowers will not bloom well or wither. When the temperature is suitable, it likes light and is more resistant to shade. For cultivated flowering bulbs, long-term light can inhibit the growth of leaves and help flowers to elongate, which is higher than leaves. In the growing period, it is rich in water, and it will grow poorly without water. It needs to be fully dried in the late growth stage, otherwise it will affect bud differentiation. The soil should be loose, soft, neutral or slightly acidic.
1. Side ball transmission: This is the most common and commonly used mode of transmission. The storage balls are planted on both sides outside the bulb, and only the base is connected with the mother ball, so it is easy to leave the mother ball by itself. In autumn, it is separated from the mother ball and planted separately, and new balls are produced in the next year.
Second, lateral bud propagation: lateral bud is the bud wrapped inside the bulb. Only when the bulbs are castrated will they leave the mother body together with the dug scales, pick out white buds, sow them on the seedbed in autumn, and produce new bulbs in the next year.
Third, double scale propagation: 1 Bulb contains many lateral buds, some of which are obvious and some are hidden. But its basic law is that the two scales are 1 bud. Using bulb discs with two scales as propagation materials is called double-scale propagation. The method includes the following steps: placing bulbs at a low temperature of 4- 10℃ for 4-8 weeks, then cutting bulbs into small pieces at room temperature, so that each piece has two scales, and cutting off the upper ends of scales to leave 2cm as propagation materials, then filling vermiculite with water content of 50% or sand with water content of 6% in plastic bags, filling the propagation materials into bags, sealing and placing them at 20-28℃. Bulbs can grow after 2-3 months, and the ball forming rate is 80-90%. This is a new method developed in recent years, which can be carried out in all seasons, but April-September is better. The survival rate of transplanted bulbs is high, reaching 80- 100%.
4. Tissue culture: adopting MS culture medium, adding 30g sucrose and 5g activated carbon per liter, taking bud tip as explant, or taking 5× 10 mm double-scale stem disk as explant, with PH value of 5-7; It was put into a 20x 100 mm glass tube, and each tube contained 10 ml culture medium. After disinfection, each tube was implanted with an explant, and then cultured at 25℃. After inoculation with 10, small protrusions appeared, which became small balls after 20 days. After 1 month, it was transferred to a medium containing NAA0. 1/ mg L/. Using stem tips as explants also has the function of virus removal. Narcissus cultivation has three methods: dry land cultivation, paddy field cultivation and soilless cultivation.
1. Dry land cultivation: after digging balls every year, pick out the big balls that can be sold in the market, and the remaining small balls can be planted immediately. It can also be planted in September-June 65438+ 10. It is generally believed that early planting, good rooting and good growth. When planting, the larger balls are selected by on-demand method, and planted in single row or wide row. When planting in a single row, use the row spacing of 6x25cm, and when planting in a wide row, use the row spacing of 6x 15cm. After 3-4 rows of continuous planting, leave a row spacing of 35-40cm, and then continue repeatedly. Dry land cultivation, maintenance is relatively extensive, except for 2-3 times of water and fertilizer application, watering is not frequent. Single row planting is often intercropped with crops.
Second, paddy field farming:
(1) Selection and grading cultivation of seed bulbs: The selection of seed bulbs is very strict, which requires the selection of seed bulbs with no pests and diseases, no damage, bright and smooth scales and clear veins, and the cultivation is divided into three levels according to the size and age of the bulbs.
1. 1 year-old cultivation: from the side ball (also called drill bit) cultivated for two years, or from the small bulb that cannot be cultivated for two years, select a seed ball with a solid and wide sphere and a diameter of about 3 cm. Farming by sowing, drilling or sowing on demand. About 20,000 to 30,000 plants are planted per mu.
2.2-year-old cultivation: after 1 year-old cultivation, the ball is conical, and solid and top-rented seed balls with a diameter of about 4 cm or more are selected, and the cultivation and maintenance are more detailed than 1 year-old. About 8000- 10000 plants are planted per mu.
3.3-year-old cultivation: 3-year-old cultivation is also called commercial ball cultivation. It was only in the last year of cultivation that it was put on the market for viewing, and its cultivation management was extremely fine and very important. It selects balls with wide and short ball shape, single main bud, wide stem plate, thick top and diameter greater than 5 cm from balls cultivated for 2 years as seed balls, peels off the outer balls before planting, castrates and removes the inner buds, leaving only one central bud for each ball. About 5000 plants are planted per mu.
(2) Key points of cultivation
1. Soak the cultivated land: loosen the soil from August to September, then drain the water in the field without irrigation, and soak the field for 1-2 weeks before draining. Then ploughing for 5-6 times, the depth is more than 35 cm, so that the lower soil is matured and softened, so as to improve fertility, reduce pests and weeds and increase soil permeability.
2. Fertilization boundary: Narcissus needs a lot of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Three-year cultivation requires 50- 10000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and part of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is about 20-50 kg. Two-year cultivation can be halved, and 1 annual cultivation is even less. These fertilizers should be turned into the soil several times to make the soil loose and the fertilizer uniform. Then the surface of the soil should be leveled and made into a frame with a width of 120 cm and a height of 40 cm, and the width of the ditch is about 35 -40 cm. The surface of the border should be neat and loose, and the bottom of the ditch should be flat and solid, slightly inclined to make the running water smooth.
3. Seed ball castration: In order to make bulbs grow rapidly after the last culture and facilitate more flowering, seed ball castration is needed. The principle of this operation, like ordinary plants, is to concentrate nutrients, let the main bud grow healthily, and get a huge bulb the next year. The difference is that its lateral buds are wrapped in scales, and it is impossible to take them out without cutting the scales. The castration technique is difficult and the operation should be clear. All the lateral buds should be removed without damaging the main buds and bulb discs. The lateral buds live on both sides of the flat leaf surface of the main bud. When castrating, first aim at the position where the lateral buds are born, then hold the bulbous disc with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, and then castrate with the right hand. The width of the castration knife is about 1.5 cm, and the blade is back-shaped at the apex. When castrating, the incision should be small. If the ball petal and the main bud are accidentally injured, the ball is useless and should be discarded. If the internal scales are found to be mottled with dark brown, they should also be discarded.
4. Sterilization of seed balls: soak the seed balls in 40% formalin 100 times solution for 5 minutes before planting; Or soak the ball in 0. 1% mercuric chloride for half an hour for disinfection. If there are mites, soak the seeds with 0. 1% dicofol 10 minute.
5. Planting: 65438+/kloc-0 was planted in Zhangzhou in late June, and 65438+/kloc-0 was planted in Shanghai in late September-10 in early October. Because the leaves of narcissus extend to both sides, the spacing between plants is smaller and the row spacing is larger. The plant spacing for three years cultivation is 15x40cm, and for two years cultivation is 12x35cm. When planting, check the direction of leaves one by one, and plant according to the requirement that leaves should be extended to rows in the future, so that there is enough space. In order to make bulbs firm, it is advisable to plant them deeply. L, 2-year-old cultivation, about 8- 10 cm deep, 3-year-old cultivation, about 5 cm deep. Cover with thin soil after planting, and immediately apply decomposed fertilizer water on the planting row. After planting, clear the silt in the ditch, level the border, and immediately fill the ditch with water. Drainage the next day. When the mud becomes sticky and does not become slurry, repair the bottom and edge of the ditch and tamp it to reduce the infiltration of water and make the running water smooth. After trenching, cover the border with straw. For a 3-year-old child, the straw should be thick, about 5 cm. For 2-year-olds, straws can be thinner. When covered with grass, the roots of rice straw extend into the ditches on both sides of the border, and the tips overlap at the border. After planting, release water, the initial water depth is about 8- 10 cm, and after 1 week, it will be deepened to 15-20 cm, and the water surface will be maintained under the ball, so that the ball can take root in the soil and water. Deep in the ditch water, the apex overlaps in the center of the head. At the initial stage, the water depth of the ditch is about 8- 10 cm, and it is deepened to 15-20 cm after l weeks. The water surface is kept under the bulb, so that the root is in the water and the bulb is in the soil.
(3) Maintenance
Narcissus needs to grow in the field for 6-7 months from planting to digging. To grow an ideal bulb, in addition to the above basic work, it mainly depends on maintenance.
1. Irrigation: There is always running water in the ditch, and the depth of the water is related to the growth period, season and weather. Flower farmers have the principle of "more water in the north wind, less water in the southwest, drainage in rainy days and water conservation in sunny days". Generally, when it is cold, the water should be deep; When the weather is warm, the water should be shallow; At the initial stage of growth, the water depth is maintained at 3/5 of the height of the border, so that the water is close to the base of the bulb. Plants are already very high in late February, and the water level can be lowered slightly. The water depth in sunny days is 1/3 of the frame height. In case of rainy days, the water level should be lowered to prevent the light bulb from being flooded. From late April to May, all the dams should be removed and the ditch water drained until the ball is dug.
2. Topdressing: Narcissus is so fat. After germination, it is necessary to start topdressing, cultivate for three years and topdressing frequently, every seven days 1 time, every two years 1 time, every lo days 1 time, and half a month 1 time. Shanghai is cold, in order to improve the cold tolerance of narcissus, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied 1 times before winter. 65438+/kloc-stopped fertilization in October, and continued topdressing from late February to mid-April, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and stopped fertilization and dry land in May.
3. Peeling buds and picking flowers: When castrating bulbs, if lateral buds germinate, they should be plucked once or twice as soon as possible to make up for endless castration. Narcissus 65438 planted in the field blooms from late February to March, so flowers should be picked and concentrated nutrition should be used to grow bulbs. In order to make full use of the flower material, when the stem is stretched to 20 cm, it can be cut into cut flowers for sale.
4. Cold protection: Narcissus is resistant to a certain low temperature, but it is also afraid of frost and cold. Occasionally, when there is thick frost, spray water to wash the frost before sunrise, so as not to hurt the daffodil leaves. For the weather below -2℃, cold protection measures should be taken. Windbreak forests can be planted in warmer areas, and film can be used to prevent cold in Shanghai.
From June to 10, 5438, the natural temperature gradually decreased, and the daffodil bud differentiation and development was completed, and it began to enter the stage of classified packaging and marketing. Narcissus is packed in a bamboo basket. The grade of balls depends on the number of balls put into the basket. A basket of 20 balls is 20, which is the best grade. Fill 30, 40, 50 and 60 balls in turn, which are called 30 Zhuang, 40 Zhuang, 50 Zhuang and 60 Zhuang respectively. Now, the number of balls in four baskets is often combined into one big basket.
In recent years, the packaging has been improved, packed in exquisite cartons with daffodil patterns printed on the outside, which is beautiful and clean. Super 1 box of 2 balls.
1. How to choose narcissus bulb?
The quality of narcissus balls determines the number of flowers and the wealth of flowers. If you want to raise a good pot of daffodils, you must start with choosing the bulbs of daffodils.
The selection of narcissus bulbs can be carried out from four aspects: looking at the shape, looking at the color, pressing and asking the village.
(1) shape: the bulbs of high-quality narcissus are generally large, flat and hard, with wide and vertical stripes on the epidermis, compact middle membrane, bright skin color, wide and thick root disc and symmetrical bulbs beside the main ball.
(2) Color observation: From the appearance, the bulb is dark brown, the envelope is complete, the color is bright, and there are no signs of rot and insect pests, so it is the top grade.
(3) Pressing: Pressing is the main means to select and identify the number of daffodil arrows. You can hold the light bulb with your thumb and forefinger and press it slightly hard. The outline of the handle is columnar, elastic and relatively solid, and it is a flower arrow; Soft to the touch, flat in outline, slightly less elastic, mostly leaf buds.
(4) Problem Village: Narcissus is generally packed in bamboo baskets of the same size, and each basket has four packaging specifications of 20, 30, 40 and 50 bulbs, commonly known as 20, 30, 40 and 50. The fewer the number in each basket, the larger the individual light bulb. For example, each basket contains 20 bulbs, and the diameter of each bulb can reach 12 cm, which is a first-class product; The bulbs in Zhuang 30 are slightly smaller than those in Zhuang 20. The bulbs of the above two daffodils can generally shoot more than 4-7 arrows per ball, which is the top grade. The bulbs of 40 Qinghe and 50 Zhuang are much smaller, and generally only 1-3 arrows can be opened.
2. How to raise daffodils in water?
Narcissus can be potted or raised in water, and most families are raised in water.
The hydroponic cultivation method of narcissus is as follows: peel the purchased narcissus bulbs, remove the mud protection and dead roots from the roots, and then peel off the outer skin of the upper 3-4 layers of bulbs with a knife to expose the flower buds between them, taking care not to damage the flower buds when peeling. Soak the bulbs in clear water for one night, wipe off the mucus flowing out of the incision the next day, and then put them upright in a shallow basin of daffodils, and it is advisable to submerge one-third of the bulbs with water. Light bulbs can be fixed in pots with quartz sand and pebbles.
Narcissus pots should be placed in sunny places during the day and moved indoors at night, and the water in the pots should be poured out to control the vain growth of leaves. Add water the next morning, and be careful not to move the direction of the light bulb. Narcissus can be changed once a day when it first enters the pot, every 2-3 days thereafter, and once a week after bud formation. Narcissus grows well in the environment of 10- 15 degrees, and can bloom in about 45 days, and the flowering period can last for more than one month.
During the period of narcissus hydroponics, it is especially necessary to give enough light, and put it in a sunny place during the day and under the light at night. This can prevent the stems and leaves of narcissus from growing white, and make narcissus leaves short, wide and strong, with dark green leaves and fragrant flowers. Hydroponic narcissus generally does not need fertilization. If conditions permit, a little quick-acting phosphate fertilizer can be applied at the flowering stage to make bloom better.
3. How to carve crab claw narcissus?
Carving narcissus bulb is a traditional art in China. Artificially carved crab claw narcissus is called crab claw narcissus because its leaves and pedicels curl like crab claws. Carving crab claw narcissus should go through four processes: peeling scales, carving bracts, cutting leaf edges and carving pedicels:
(1) Scaling: First, scrape the dirt and dead roots off the daffodils' heads and peel off the brown skin. Use a knife to cut the bulb at 2/3 or12 along the arc parallel to the bottom, and peel off the upper 2/3 scales layer by layer until the leaves germinate.
(2) Carving bracts: the scales and bracts on both sides of the leaf bud are carved off one by one with a knife. Be patient and careful not to hurt the leaf buds. When the leaf buds on both sides are bent, or when the two leaf buds are too close together, you can gently spread out the soft leaf buds with your fingers, and then slowly drop the scales in the middle for a while. The leaf bud is also covered with smooth scales, which should be carefully peeled off to expose the whole leaf bud.
(3) Trimming leaves: The leaves of daffodils grow straight. In order for leaves and pedicels to grow into curved crab claws, they must be cut. When cutting the leaf edge, you should apply a little pressure from the back of the leaf bud with your fingers to separate the flower bud, then cut the knife from the gap and cut the leaf edge from top to bottom, with an average of 1/3 to 2/3 from the outer leaf to the inner leaf. One side of the carved tissue was scarred and grew slowly. The uncut side still grows healthily, and the two sides grow unevenly, growing into crab claw-like leaves that bend to one side. When operating, you must not touch the bud in the middle of the leaf bud.
(4) Carved pedicel: the upper part of the flower bud is a flower bud, and the lower part is a pedicel. Pedicels are difficult to carve, and buds cannot be broken. When carving pedicels, cut the pedicels to a depth of about 1/4 from top to bottom. If you want the pedicel to bend in which direction, cut which side of the pedicel.
The side ball of daffodil is carved in the same way as the main ball. After carving, cut off the bulbs, soak them in clear water for a day and a night, then wash them with mucus, and then put them in a shallow basin for maintenance. Generally, carved daffodils bloom earlier and shorter.
4. How to prevent daffodils from appearing "dumb flowers"?
The so-called "dumb flower" refers to the phenomenon that daffodils die in the process of hydroponics, and the buds wither or decline before opening. The phenomenon of "dumb flowers" is mainly caused by the following reasons:
(1) The quality of narcissus balls is poor. Small ball, poor flower bud development; Sphere suffers from diseases and insect pests, the root disk is dry and rotten, the hair roots are few, and the body is weak.
(2) Improper maintenance. Frequent water change, insufficient light, high room temperature and poor ventilation lead to long white leaves and thin flowers. In addition, changing water will damage roots and flowers, and it will also lead to "dumb flowers".
(3) Improper water conservation season. "Dumb flowers" will appear when bulbs are dormant before the first frost or when the temperature rises after Tomb-Sweeping Day.
To prevent "dumb flowers", we must first select three-year-old high-quality bulbs for hydroponics. It is best to use rainwater or pond water to save water. If tap water is used, it should be stored for one day before use. Then make sure that the daffodils have enough light, not less than 6 hours a day, and pay attention to indoor ventilation. The temperature is kept at 12- 15 degrees, which is most conducive to the growth of daffodils. The weather in the north is dry, and the narcissus plants are sprayed with water every day.
5. How to control narcissus diseases and insect pests?
The main diseases and pests of narcissus are brown spot, leaf blight, nematodiasis, aspergillosis and penicilliosis.
Brown spot mainly harms the leaves and stems of narcissus. It appears at the tip of the leaf when it is first dyed and is brown. When infected in a large area, both leaves and stems will appear diseased spots, which will distort the leaves, stop the growth of plants and lead to death. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed with 600-700 times aqueous solution every 5-7 days, and the development of the disease can be controlled by spraying for many times. The disease can be prevented by peeling off membrane scales before planting and soaking bulbs in 0.5% formalin solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times water solution for half an hour.
Leaf blight mostly occurs on narcissus leaves. At first it was yellow-green spots, and then it expanded in a fan shape with yellow-green halo around it. Later, the leaves dried up and black particles appeared. The disease can be prevented by peeling off dry scales before planting and washing with dilute permanganate for 2-3 times. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be sprayed with 50% zineb 1500 times water solution.
Nematode disease mainly harms the leaves and flower stems of narcissus. At first, the leaves and stems of narcissus will appear yellow-brown mosaic stripes, and then blisters or wavy protrusions will appear, which will break the epidermis of leaves and stems and turn brown until they wither. Soaking bulbs in 0.5% formalin solution at 40-43 degrees for 3-4 hours can prevent this disease. If serious plant infection is found during maintenance, the diseased plants should be removed and destroyed immediately.
6. How to control the flowering period of daffodils?
Narcissus blooms earlier than peaches and plums and later than plums. Generally, hydroponics begins in autumn and winter, and flowers can bloom in winter and spring. So, how do daffodils bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival? This goal can be achieved by artificially controlling the flowering period of daffodils.
Generally, narcissus bulbs can bloom as scheduled after 45-50 days of normal hydroponics. The so-called normal hydroponics is to ensure that narcissus is exposed to light for 6 hours every day after hydroponics, and the room temperature should be kept at about 10- 15 degrees. If the weather is abnormal, the light is insufficient, and the temperature is too low (too high), measures should be taken to make narcissus blossom as scheduled.
Common methods: ① When the temperature is too low and the light is insufficient, warm water of 12- 15 degree can be changed into the narcissus basin; At night, surround the narcissus basin with plastic film, and use a 60-watt lamp 40-50 cm away from the flowers to increase the temperature and strengthen the illumination. At the same time, spray water on narcissus leaves to prevent the temperature from rising suddenly. (2) When the temperature is too high, adding a proper amount of cold water into the narcissus basin and pouring out the water in the basin at night for low-temperature treatment can delay the flowering of narcissus.
7. Prevent the leaves from growing wildly and the roots from soaking.
First of all, if there is empty water at night, the roots will not dry up. Hair roots are yellow and soft: change water frequently. To keep the water clean, it is best to change the water every 2-3 days to prevent the roots from rotting. Yellowing can be lightly brushed with a soft toothbrush.
8. How to cultivate daffodils with short leaves and long pedicels?
In order to cultivate daffodils with short leaves and long pedicels, the key is to promote the growth of pedicels and avoid the virtual length of leaves. When raising daffodils in water, first remove the brown envelope on the surface of narcissus bulb, cut a knife vertically between the flower buds on the upper part of narcissus bulb, and cut through 3-4 layers of scales, then cut a knife horizontally on both sides to avoid hurting the flower buds, wash off the mucus, and put it in a shallow pot for culture.
Put it in a sunny place during the day, pour out the water in the basin at night, and add water to cultivate it the next morning, so as to avoid the futile growth of leaves.
It can also be planted or potted first, and then raised in water to achieve the effect of short leaves and long pedicels. The specific method is to plant narcissus balls in the fields in sunny places, water them every day until the pedicels are pulled out, then dig out the narcissus balls, wash away the soil and raise them indoors for viewing.
9. What should I do with the daffodils?
After the Spring Festival, daffodils will wither. Usually people throw away the blooming narcissus bulb, which is actually a pity. Narcissus is a perennial plant, which propagates through bulbs. If those bulbs that have blossomed are buried in the soil, they can continue to grow and reproduce.
Choose a vegetable garden or nursery with sunny lee and deep soil layer, plow and rake it into high ridges, furrow and ridge it, bury the flowering bulbs in it and leave leaves naturally. A month later, the leaves withered and fell asleep. At this time, dig out the bulbs, cut off the fibrous roots and cut off the withered leaves along the base. Then bury the bulb to the depth of 10 cm, and at the same time, apply decomposed cake fertilizer or human excrement and urine, and then rake it flat. We can't save trouble, so we have to bury the bulb in the flowerpot, because the bulb will stay in the soil for a long time in spring, summer and autumn, especially in summer and autumn. It's hot, and the bulbs are buried inside without leaves. If we forget to water and fertilize them, it will lead to drought and death.
After the light bulb is handled, the later work is daily maintenance and management. Usually, bulbs can grow naturally as long as they pay attention to giving the garden enough nutrients and keeping the garden moist without stagnant water. Wait until June 1 1, June 65438+February, and then dig out the light bulb. At that time, you will find that the old bulb has rotted and become hollow, but there are many large and small bulbs around it. Pick out those bulbs with big buds, wash the soil on them, peel off the brown skin on the surface, then put them outside in the sun for a few hours, and then make a cross-shaped cut on the top of the bulb with a knife, so as not to hurt the bud eyes in the scales, so as to facilitate the growth of buds and leaves. Soak in clear water for 24 hours, and then rinse the colloidal mucus flowing out of the incision, and then normal hydroponics can be carried out. Generally, after 3 days, white fibrous roots can grow at the bottom of the ball, and leaves gradually grow at the eye of the top bud of the ball. As for those small bulbs, because they won't bloom that year, let them grow in the soil for another year, and then dig them out for cultivation after the second year of vigorous growth.
10. culture method
Narcissus likes sunshine and warmth, has high requirements on temperature, is not too cold-resistant, and is afraid of heat. In the vegetative growth period, it needs moist sandy soil without stagnant water. Narcissus is different from other perennial herbs. It has the characteristics of autumn growth, winter flowering, spring storage of nutrients and summer dormancy.
There are two ways to cultivate narcissus: hydroponics and soil culture.
Hydroponics means shallow pot immersion culture. Specifically, in the middle and late June of 10 or the early October of 1 165438 10, hypertrophy bulbs are selected, and a cross-shaped incision is made at the upper end of the bulbs with a knife to facilitate the extraction of buds in the bulbs. Then, the bulbs are soaked in clean water for one day, and then the bulbs are wiped off after being taken out.
Soil culture is to cultivate daffodils with most soil-moistening flowers. In the middle and late June, 10, large bulbs were planted in small flowerpots with holes in fertile sand, and half of them were exposed. Put some fine sand under the fish scales in advance to facilitate drainage. Put the flowerpot in a room with suitable temperature and plenty of sunshine. The optimum temperature is 4-65438 02℃. If the temperature is too low, frostbite is easy to occur. If the temperature is too high and the light is insufficient, it is easy to grow steeply, the plants are slender and the flowering time is short, which reduces the ornamental value. If the requirements of light and temperature are met in management, the leaves will be enlarged and the flowers will be stout, so that the flowers will be large and fragrant for a long time. Soil-cultured daffodils can be topdressed with liquid fertilizer two or three times before flowering.
Narcissus can't reproduce because of limited climatic conditions. If the cultivated narcissus is free from pests and diseases, there is no need to sprinkle medicine. Temperature, light and water supply are the three elements of narcissus hydroponics in winter. Narcissus needs plenty of sunshine to grow; The suitable temperature is 65438 02℃-65438 05℃; Clean water.
Before hydroponics, peel off the dry brown scales on the outer layer of bulbs, remove the root protection mud and brown rotten roots at the base (be careful not to touch the new white roots), wash the surface, stand upright in a shallow basin without drainage holes, and fix them with pebbles around to prevent dumping. Add clean water to 2/3 of the bulb. Change the dry tap water once a day when the pot is first placed, and once 2-3 days before flowering.
Control flowering time. Under the condition of abundant sunshine and clean water supply, it takes about 40 days for daffodils to soak and bloom when the indoor temperature is 12℃- 15℃. Room temperature is about 18℃, which takes about 30 days. At room temperature of 20℃, it only takes 25 days to blossom; Therefore, the soaking date of narcissus balls can be determined as needed, and the fragrant and beautiful narcissus can be enjoyed in time.
Narcissus doesn't need any flower fertilizer, just water. In order to make narcissus grow strong, it should be taken to the balcony to bask in the sun during the day. If you want to postpone the flowering period, you can take the method of lowering the water temperature, or take the method of pouring water in the basin at night and adding fresh water the next morning. In addition, if you can't see the full flower buds before the festival 10, you can use water heating to promote the flowers, and the water temperature should be close to the body temperature.
As long as you master the conditions of narcissus conservation, you can "open as you like"; Otherwise, it will be delayed, or even the long leaves will not bloom.
1 1. Narcissus stops eyeball to accelerate germination.
(1) peeling: peeling off a layer of brown epidermis outside the bulb.
(2) Ball cutting: at the left and right parts of the upper half of the bulb, at 65,438+0/3, cross-cut downwards, then cross-cut upwards to remove 2-3 layers of scales, and at the same time, cut a knife at the middle part of the bulb between the left and right sides of the bud. When operating, you should avoid hurting the buds and carefully remove the old roots and soil at the bottom.
③ Bulb soaking: soak the cut bulb 65438 in clear water for 0 ~ 2 days, and then rinse the glue flowing out of the bulb.
④ Accelerating germination: Soaked bulbs should be exposed to the sun, and it is best to put them in a container and cover them with a layer of chaff. Water the rice chaff once a day to keep the temperature and humidity. At this time, we should pay attention to the cold, the light is too strong, and we can cover it properly. A week later, when the new buds germinate, they can fully irradiate the sun. After about 50 days, when the flower heads appear, you can take out the narcissus balls, wash them and transplant them into the water basin for planting.
Flower cultivation techniques
1, aspirin helps daffodils bloom
Use 1 ~ 2 aspirin tablets and put them in water to dissolve completely, instead of the clear water in the daffodil basin, which can make the flowers more robust and lush. ……
2, daffodil florescence control
The cultivation of daffodils is closely related to the temperature change, and the flowering period needs to be controlled by adjusting the temperature. If you need to bloom during the Spring Festival, you can generally start soaking in water about 26 days before the festival. Treat narcissus head to make it grow normally.
(1) When the temperature is high, daffodils grow fast, and there are signs of early flowering, they should be shaded appropriately to reduce sunlight.
(2) In case of cold wave, it is estimated that it is impossible to blossom as scheduled, so it is necessary to keep warm, increase the light, and take artificial warmth measures when necessary, such as using a temperature regulator or raising flowers with warm water. In rainy days, you can supplement the light with electric lights.
3, narcissus warm flowers
Narcissus grows slowly at low temperature, so it can be accelerated by increasing the temperature:
(1) Sunshine warming: put it in the outdoor sunshine or in front of the sunny glass window facing south indoors during the day until it blooms.
(2) Light heating: cover the flowerpot with a plastic cover, turn on the electric lamp for irradiation, and stop when the temperature in the cover rises to 23℃.
③ Electric heater heating: Turn on the electric heater or put the hair dryer in a position that won't burn the daffodils, and let the warm wind blow the flowers slowly for a few days until bloom.
④ Warm water heating: put a little warm water into the basin to raise the water temperature to 12 ~ 15℃.
4. Salt prolongs the flowering period of daffodils.
When the daffodils are all in full bloom, putting a little salt in the pot can prolong the flowering period. Don't put salt when daffodils are in bud, otherwise it will inhibit the bud from opening.
Or grind two aspirin into powder, put it in 1000 ml of water, dissolve it and sprinkle it in a blooming narcissus basin, which can prolong the narcissus flowering period by about one week.
5. Brightening method
When the moustache of daffodil grows to a height of about 25 cm, the aqueous solution of steamed cake food pigment is injected into the moustache with a medical syringe, and the injection point is 1/4 of the stem height.
6. Timing flowering method
If daffodils bloom on the eve of the Spring Festival, put daffodils in daffodil pots one month in advance, fix narcissus bulb with a few stones, inject clean water and put it in sunny places for hydroponics, change water every day or every other day, and then put a few grains of salt in the water, which will not only make daffodils bloom in the Spring Festival, but also prolong the flowering period.
7. Influence of climatic conditions
If you want the fragrance of daffodils to overflow the hall during the Spring Festival, you must first know the suitable temperature for daffodils to grow. Scientific experiments have proved that the room temperature of 8- 12℃ is the most suitable for narcissus growth.
Secondly, narcissus needs a certain accumulated temperature from soaking to flowering. When the room temperature is 8-20℃, the higher the room temperature, the faster the flowering. The florist's research confirmed that it takes 40 days to blossom at room temperature of 8- 12℃; If the room temperature is kept at 15℃, it will bloom in 28-30 days; At room temperature 18-20℃, it will bloom in 23-25 days. 65438 Pearl River Delta region1The room temperature from mid-October to mid-February is about 16-20℃, and flowers can bloom in 20-25 days under normal circumstances.
Thirdly, the length of flowering period changes with the change of room temperature. So, how can we make the flowering period long and the fragrance stay long? Scientific control of greenhouse is the best way. When the room temperature is ≥23℃, the flowering period is only about 7 days; 8- 12℃, the flowering period can be as long as 15 to 20 days; 15-20℃, flowering 10 days; If the room temperature is kept at about 4℃, the flowering period can be as long as 1 month. According to the temperature conditions in the Pearl River Delta, the flowering period is generally sustainable 10 days.
Fourth, during the Spring Festival, family members should put daffodils in sunny and well-ventilated places, away from heating and stoves. When the buds are to be released, they need to be moved to a cool place indoors to avoid direct sunlight and keep the room temperature balanced.
The cultivation technology is not demanding, as long as the temperature is kept at about 65438 05℃, the flowers can bloom after 25-30 days of cultivation with sufficient sunlight, frequent watering and frequent change of water. But pay attention to the following points:
1. The temperature should not exceed 25℃, otherwise it will stop growing and go into dormancy, resulting in yellowing and withering of buds.
2. Sufficient sunshine, otherwise the leaves will grow into garlic leaves;
3. The water used should be clean, otherwise it will cause pollution and root rot due to the deterioration of water quality.