Linear system is the earliest and simplest organizational form. Its characteristic is that the administrative units at all levels of the enterprise implement vertical leadership from top to bottom, and the subordinate departments only accept instructions from a superior, and the responsible persons at all levels are responsible for all problems of the subordinate units. The factory department does not set up another functional organization (functional personnel can be set up to assist the supervisor), and all management functions are basically performed by the administrative supervisor himself.
Second, the functional system
Functional organizational structure is that administrative units at all levels set up some functional institutions in addition to the person in charge. Such as the establishment of functional institutions and personnel under the factory director to assist the factory director in functional management.
This structure requires the executive director to hand over the corresponding management responsibilities and powers to relevant functional organizations, and each functional organization has the right to give orders to subordinate administrative units within its own business scope. Therefore, in addition to the command of the superior administrative director, the subordinate administrative director must also accept the leadership of the superior functional organization.
Thirdly, linear functional system.
1, linear-functional system, also known as production area system, or linear staff system. It is based on linear system and functional system, learning from each other's strong points and absorbing the advantages of these two forms. At present, most enterprises in our country adopt this organizational structure.
2. This organizational structure divides enterprise management institutions and personnel into two categories. One is linear leading bodies and personnel, who exercise command over organizations at all levels according to the principle of unified command; The other is functional organizations and personnel, who are engaged in the management of various functions of the organization according to the principle of specialization.
Linear leading bodies and personnel have certain decision-making power and command power to subordinates within their own responsibilities, and take full responsibility for the work of their own departments. Functional organizations and personnel are the staff of line commanders, and they cannot give orders to directly affiliated departments, but can only give business guidance.
Fourth, the division of labor system.
The division system was first put forward by Si Long, president of American General Motors Company, in 1924, so it is called Sloan model, also known as "federal decentralization", and it is a decentralized management system under high (hierarchical) centralization. Suitable for large-scale and multi-variety.
Large-scale enterprises with complex technology are an organizational form adopted by large foreign joint companies. In recent years, some large domestic enterprise groups or companies have also introduced this organizational structure.
Organizational design has the following points:
(1) Organizational design is a conscious process for managers to effectively combine and coordinate tasks, powers and responsibilities in an organization according to the principle of consistent goals and efficiency priority.
(2) Organizational design is carried out by managers after considering the internal factors of both parties (such as strategy, personnel, technology, etc.). ) and external environmental factors;
(3) The final result of organization design is organization system diagram, job description and organization manual.