Fertilization management Generally, large cherries are fertilized three times a year in the fruiting period, the first time is to apply base fertilizer in autumn, and the second time is to apply topdressing before flowering, and compound fertilizer should be applied immediately after cherry harvest. According to our experimental observation, the soil management of cherry should be covered by irrigation in spring and weeding in other seasons. Because mulching reduces the influence of spring drought on plants, it has a good effect on fruit growth. After harvesting cherries, remove or turn over the mulch. According to estimates, the average adult garden should cover 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms of wheat straw per mu. Cherry trees should be fertilized 3-4 times a year. Cherry root system is particularly sensitive, so organic fertilizer and Gymboree microbial fertilizer should be fed throughout the process. Improper use of fertilizer can easily cause root burning. Fertilization can be applied immediately after fruit picking, mainly to restore tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation and improve the next annual output. Immediately after fruit picking, apply decomposed manure, livestock manure or biogas slurry once. According to the results, 30 ~ 60 kg of decomposed livestock manure and 500 kg of biogas slurry were applied to each plant. Before germination and flowering, biogas slurry or decomposed livestock manure can be applied to the top of the fruit, and the dosage per mu is about 1000 kg. In addition, in addition to fertilization, it is best to add Gymboree microbial sweetener, which can make cherries live in an environment with a large number of activated beneficial functional microorganisms, thus expanding the absorption area of roots, enhancing photosynthesis of leaves and supplementing various trace elements needed for cherry growth. It can not only reduce the amount of fertilizer, reduce the cost and increase the yield, but also obviously improve the quality, sweetness and color of cherries, which is conducive to the production of high-quality cherries and can be matured early. Before defoliation in autumn from September to 65438+1October (southern warm area10 ~165438+1October), base fertilizer should be applied well to rejuvenate the trees and increase the content of stored nutrients in the plants. At this time, it is the most vigorous period of cherry root growth. It is best to apply 20 ~ 750 px deep organic fertilizer in the ditch, 20 ~ 25 kg organic fertilizer with 50% organic matter according to the tree growth, and then flush the biogas slurry again.
Because it only takes more than 40 days from flowering to fruit ripening, the amount of stored nutrients greatly affects the size and quality of fruit. Therefore, the application of base fertilizer is very important, accounting for 50 ~ 70% of the annual fertilization. Organic fertilizer should be the main, such as compost, manure, rotten bean cake and so on. In addition to the above-mentioned soil fertilization, spraying biogas slurry or foliar fertilizer twice at the interval of 10 day from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate. Pest control The main pests and diseases that harm cherry trees are mulberry white scale, thorn moth, pink-necked beetle, apple moth, golden-winged beetle, scarab, pear moth, anthracnose, cherry leaf spot, bacterial perforation, gummosis, root and neck rot and so on. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control it. When pruning in winter, cut off the branches of diseases and pests and burn them, and spray Bubomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture once when falling leaves; Spraying 40% dimethoate 1200 times solution and 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times solution each 1 time before the leaves of spring shoots stop growing; In July and August, spray 50% marathon emulsion with a ratio of 1000 and 65% zineb with a ratio of 400-500 once each. Root cancer: Root cancer is a disease caused by bacterial infection, which forms a tumor on the root neck or lateral roots. Gray-white tumor was formed at the lesion site, with soft internal tissue and rough surface. With the growth of the tumor, the surface gradually changed from white to brown, the surface cells died, the interior was lignified, and the shape was mostly spherical or oblate, which made the root system underdeveloped, the aboveground growth weakened and the tree age shortened. Control method: (1) Choose to plant disease-free seedlings, and soak the roots with biological antibacterial agent K84 or 3 ~ 5 BE sulfur mixture for disinfection. (2) Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, promote the robust growth of roots and avoid root neck trauma. Disinfect and protect the wounds that have appeared in time. (3) If a tumor is found, it should be completely removed, and the incision should be disinfected with 1% copper sulfate solution or 50 times the mixture of antibacterial agent 402 and 5 Be stone sulfur, and then coated with vaseline for protection. Brown spot perforation: it harms leaves, new shoots and fruits. In early May, necrotic reddish-brown spots were distributed on the infected leaves, and then expanded to 4 ~ 5 mm in diameter, and the central part became light brown. The combined scar forms a large dead area, leading to early defoliation. [5] Control methods: (1) Strengthen cultivation management, enhance tree vigor and improve tree disease resistance. Combined with pruning, all diseased branches and dead branches are cut off, leaves and fruits are removed, and overwintering germs are eliminated. [5](2) Before germination, spray 4-5 times of stone sulfur mixture or1:1:100-200 times of Bordeaux solution and 45% stone sulfur mixture crystal10 times of solution. Spraying 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times solution or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution after flowering. [5] Leaf spot disease: it mainly harms leaves, petioles and fruits. Brown irregular necrotic spots are produced after the leaves are damaged, and pink mildew spots are produced on the back of the leaves, which leads to falling leaves and fruits, seriously affecting the development and yield of trees. Control method: (1) Leaf spot overwinters on fallen leaves. Therefore, the key to control leaf spot disease is to sweep off fallen leaves and burn them, or dig deep in late autumn to eliminate germs. (2) After flowering, spray 1: 2: 260 times bordeaux solution 1 time, 1 5 days later/time. It can also be sprayed with 0.2 ~ 0.3 times of stone sulfur mixture or 45% stone sulfur mixture crystal for 20 ~ 30 times. Gummosis: Gummosis is a serious branch disease, which can be seen everywhere in stone fruit trees. The mechanism of its occurrence is not very clear, and it is generally believed that it is caused by insect pests, mechanical damage, freezing injury, sunburn, excessive pruning during growth, poor scion compatibility, improper management and other factors that make the tree weak. [5] Prevention and control methods: (1) Strengthen comprehensive management, do a good job in pest control, and avoid wounds caused by mechanical injury, freezing injury and sunburn. (5) (2) Improve the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, reasonably prune and control the appropriate load, so as to enhance the tree vigor and improve the stress resistance. [5] The female insect is about 10mm long, oblate oval, straw sandals-shaped, light purple-gray, and its body surface is covered with white wax powder; Oval, yellow and white at first, gradually becoming reddish brown and smooth; Nymphs are similar to females, but small and dark purple-gray. Control method: (1) Eradicate nymphs, eggs and weeds under trees in autumn and winter, and burn them centrally. (2) Before the nymph begins to climb the tree, scrape off a circle of rough skin at the height of 65cm on the trunk, and apply adhesive with a width of about 10cm to prevent adults and nymphs from climbing the tree. (3) Spraying 3 Be stone sulfur mixture or 5% diesel oil emulsion before germination; Spraying 80% dichlorvos EC 1500 times or marathon EC 1000 times after germination. Pear moth: also known as peach moth and pear moth, it mainly damages fruits and new shoots with larvae. Adult worms are grayish brown and dull; Oval oblate, slightly convex in the center, yellow-white, translucent and shiny; Mature larvae are yellow-white or pink, and their heads are yellow-brown. Control methods: (1) Because the pear fruit borer is a multi-host pest and has the habit of transferring damage, the newly-built orchard should try to avoid mixing with other fruit trees, and the mixed fruit trees should strengthen the control of their main hosts. (2) Eliminate overwintering pests. Trapping and killing overwintering larvae before fruit dropping; Before germination in early spring, scrape off the rough old skin and burn it centrally; Cut off new shoots in time from May to June. (3) timely medication. Generally, when the egg leaf rate is 1% ~ 2%, the commonly used drugs are 20% pyrethroid EC and 10% Uranus EC, which are 2000 ~ 3000 times.